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Moura S, Hartl I, Brumovska V, Calabrese PP, Yasari A, Striedner Y, Bishara M, Mair T, Ebner T, Schütz GJ, Sevcsik E, Tiemann-Boege I. Exploring FGFR3 Mutations in the Male Germline: Implications for Clonal Germline Expansions and Paternal Age-Related Dysplasias. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae015. [PMID: 38411226 PMCID: PMC10898338 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Delayed fatherhood results in a higher risk of inheriting a new germline mutation that might result in a congenital disorder in the offspring. In particular, some FGFR3 mutations increase in frequency with age, but there are still a large number of uncharacterized FGFR3 mutations that could be expanding in the male germline with potentially early- or late-onset effects in the offspring. Here, we used digital polymerase chain reaction to assess the frequency and spatial distribution of 10 different FGFR3 missense substitutions in the sexually mature male germline. Our functional assessment of the receptor signaling of the variants with biophysical methods showed that 9 of these variants resulted in a higher activation of the receptor´s downstream signaling, resulting in 2 different expansion behaviors. Variants that form larger subclonal expansions in a dissected postmortem testis also showed a positive correlation of the substitution frequency with the sperm donor's age, and a high and ligand-independent FGFR3 activation. In contrast, variants that measured high FGFR3 signaling and elevated substitution frequencies independent of the donor's age did not result in measurable subclonal expansions in the testis. This suggests that promiscuous signal activation might also result in an accumulation of mutations before the sexual maturation of the male gonad with clones staying relatively constant in size throughout time. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into our understanding of the mutagenesis of driver mutations and their resulting mosaicism in the male germline with important consequences for the transmission and recurrence of associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moura
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Ingrid Hartl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Peter P Calabrese
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Atena Yasari
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Yasmin Striedner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Theresa Mair
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Ebner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Sevcsik
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kostecka A, Nowikiewicz T, Olszewski P, Koczkowska M, Horbacz M, Heinzl M, Andreou M, Salazar R, Mair T, Madanecki P, Gucwa M, Davies H, Skokowski J, Buckley PG, Pęksa R, Śrutek E, Szylberg Ł, Hartman J, Jankowski M, Zegarski W, Tiemann-Boege I, Dumanski JP, Piotrowski A. High prevalence of somatic PIK3CA and TP53 pathogenic variants in the normal mammary gland tissue of sporadic breast cancer patients revealed by duplex sequencing. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:76. [PMID: 35768433 PMCID: PMC9243094 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes hormonally stimulated cycles of proliferation, lactation, and involution. We hypothesized that these factors increase the mutational burden in glandular tissue and may explain high cancer incidence rate in the general population, and recurrent disease. Hence, we investigated the DNA sequence variants in the normal mammary gland, tumor, and peripheral blood from 52 reportedly sporadic breast cancer patients. Targeted resequencing of 542 cancer-associated genes revealed subclonal somatic pathogenic variants of: PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, MAP3K1, CDH1, RB1, NCOR1, MED12, CBFB, TBX3, and TSHR in the normal mammary gland at considerable allelic frequencies (9 × 10-2- 5.2 × 10-1), indicating clonal expansion. Further evaluation of the frequently damaged PIK3CA and TP53 genes by ultra-sensitive duplex sequencing demonstrated a diversified picture of multiple low-level subclonal (in 10-2-10-4 alleles) hotspot pathogenic variants. Our results raise a question about the oncogenic potential in non-tumorous mammary gland tissue of breast-conserving surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Nowikiewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Prof. F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koczkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Horbacz
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Heinzl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Maria Andreou
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renato Salazar
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Theresa Mair
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gucwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Skokowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Patomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Śrutek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Prof. F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic, Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTech Labs, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michał Jankowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zegarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Jan P Dumanski
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Wilson A, Mair T, Williams N, McGowan C, Pinchbeck G. Antimicrobial prescribing and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in equine practice. Equine Vet J 2022; 55:494-505. [PMID: 35575046 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly serious threat to human and animal health, therefore responsible use of antimicrobials in equine practice is vital. There is a need to have accurate, up to date data on antimicrobial prescribing in equine practice in the UK. OBJECTIVES To characterise current antimicrobial prescribing practices by equine veterinarians and to describe surveillance, audit processes and identification of AMR. STUDY DESIGN Online cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. METHODS An online questionnaire targeting veterinarians who treat horses in the UK and Europe was distributed. The questionnaire collected data on participants' country of origin, practice policies, prescribing practices including use of high priority critical antimicrobials. Four common clinical case-based scenarios were included to further explore prescribing practice. Responses were compared using both descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Questionnaires were completed by 264 veterinarians from Europe (n=33/264) and the UK (n=231/264); 87% respondents worked only with horses and 67% worked at premises with hospitalisation facilities. Approximately half of respondents (54.4%) had a written antimicrobial use or stewardship policy within their practice. Over half of respondents did not perform any environmental surveillance (54.2%), audit of clinical infections (53.1%) or audit of infection control (57.1%). Potentiated sulphonamides were cited as the most used antimicrobial, although 44% reported using enrofloxacin in the last year and 66% used 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins. Prophylactic antimicrobials before clean surgery were frequently/always prescribed by 48% respondents and 24% respondents frequently/always prescribed antimicrobials post-operatively in clean surgery. MAIN LIMITATIONS Potential selection bias of respondents, given individuals volunteered to take part in the survey. CONCLUSIONS Compared to a previous similar study conducted in 2009, overall antimicrobial usage appeared to be declining in clinical scenarios and a greater proportion of practices now have stewardship policies. However, the use of high priority critical antimicrobials is still relatively common in equine practice in the UK and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilson
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - T Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Kent, UK
| | - N Williams
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - C McGowan
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - G Pinchbeck
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Salazar R, Arbeithuber B, Ivankovic M, Heinzl M, Moura S, Hartl I, Mair T, Lahnsteiner A, Ebner T, Shebl O, Pröll J, Tiemann-Boege I. Discovery of an unusually high number of de novo mutations in sperm of older men using duplex sequencing. Genome Res 2022; 32:499-511. [PMID: 35210354 PMCID: PMC8896467 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275695.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
De novo mutations (DNMs) are important players in heritable diseases and evolution. Of particular interest are highly recurrent DNMs associated with congenital disorders that have been described as selfish mutations expanding in the male germline, thus becoming more frequent with age. Here, we have adapted duplex sequencing (DS), an ultradeep sequencing method that renders sequence information on both DNA strands; thus, one mutation can be reliably called in millions of sequenced bases. With DS, we examined ∼4.5 kb of the FGFR3 coding region in sperm DNA from older and younger donors. We identified sites with variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of 10-4 to 10-5, with an overall mutation frequency of the region of ∼6 × 10-7 Some of the substitutions are recurrent and are found at a higher VAF in older donors than in younger ones or are found exclusively in older donors. Also, older donors harbor more mutations associated with congenital disorders. Other mutations are present in both age groups, suggesting that these might result from a different mechanism (e.g., postzygotic mosaicism). We also observe that independent of age, the frequency and deleteriousness of the mutational spectra are more similar to COSMIC than to gnomAD variants. Our approach is an important strategy to identify mutations that could be associated with a gain of function of the receptor tyrosine kinase activity, with unexplored consequences in a society with delayed fatherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Salazar
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
| | | | - Maja Ivankovic
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
| | - Monika Heinzl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
| | - Sofia Moura
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
| | - Ingrid Hartl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
| | - Theresa Mair
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
| | | | - Thomas Ebner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria 4020
| | - Omar Shebl
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria 4020
| | - Johannes Pröll
- Center for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria 4020
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5
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Lesca H, Fairburn A, Sherlock C, Mair T. The use of advanced vs. conventional imaging modalities for the diagnosis of subchondral bone injuries. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lesca
- CVS Group plc Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
| | - A. Fairburn
- CVS Group plc Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
| | - C. Sherlock
- CVS Group plc Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
| | - T. Mair
- CVS Group plc Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
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6
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Freene N, McManus M, Mair T, Tan R, Davey R. Association of Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour With Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Health-Related Quality-Of-Life And Exercise Capacity Over 12-Months in cardiac Rehabilitation Attendees With Coronary Heart Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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7
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Haddad R, Corraretti G, Simon O, Mair T, Sutton AG, Kelmer G. Small intestinal intussusception in horses: Multicentre retrospective report on 26 cases (2009‐2020). EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Haddad
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Koret School of Veterinary Medicine ‐ Veterinary Teaching Hospital The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | | | - O. Simon
- Equine Clinic De Morette Asse Belgium
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
| | - A. G. Sutton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Koret School of Veterinary Medicine ‐ Veterinary Teaching Hospital The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - G. Kelmer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Koret School of Veterinary Medicine ‐ Veterinary Teaching Hospital The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
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8
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Duggan M, Mair T, Fews D. Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Duggan
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone UK
- University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone UK
| | - D. Fews
- Finn Pathologists Harleston UK
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9
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Mair T, Ivankovic M, Paar C, Salzer HJF, Heissl A, Lamprecht B, Schreier-Lechner E, Tiemann-Boege I. Processing Hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 Samples with an In-House PCR-Based Method without Robotics. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091712. [PMID: 34578293 PMCID: PMC8473336 DOI: 10.3390/v13091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has required the development of multiple testing systems to monitor and control the viral infection. Here, we developed a PCR test to screen COVID-19 infections that can process up to ~180 samples per day without the requirement of robotics. For this purpose, we implemented the use of multichannel pipettes and plate magnetics for the RNA extraction step and combined the reverse transcription with the qPCR within one step. We tested the performance of two RT-qPCR kits as well as different sampling buffers and showed that samples taken in NaCl or PBS are stable and compatible with different COVID-19 testing systems. Finally, we designed a new internal control based on the human RNase P gene that does not require a DNA digestion step. Our protocol is easy to handle and reaches the sensitivity and accuracy of the standardized diagnostic protocols used in the clinic to detect COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mair
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.I.); (I.T.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-732-2468-7626
| | - Maja Ivankovic
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.I.); (I.T.-B.)
| | - Christian Paar
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Johannes Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.P.); (E.S.-L.)
| | - Helmut J. F. Salzer
- Department of Pulmonology, Johannes Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020 Linz, Austria; (H.J.F.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Angelika Heissl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Department of Pulmonology, Johannes Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020 Linz, Austria; (H.J.F.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Schreier-Lechner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Johannes Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.P.); (E.S.-L.)
| | - Irene Tiemann-Boege
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.I.); (I.T.-B.)
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10
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Duggan M, Mair T, Durham A, Pengelly T, Sherlock C. The clinical features and short‐term treatment outcomes of scirrhous cord: A retrospective study of 32 cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Duggan
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone UK
| | | | - T. Pengelly
- Veterinary Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
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11
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Tiemann‐Boege I, Mair T, Yasari A, Zurovec M. Pathogenic postzygotic mosaicism in the tyrosine receptor kinase pathway: potential unidentified human disease hidden away in a few cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:3108-3119. [PMID: 32810928 PMCID: PMC8247027 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations occurring during embryonic development affect only a subset of cells resulting in two or more distinct cell populations that are present at different levels, also known as postzygotic mosaicism (PZM). Although PZM is a common biological phenomenon, it is often overlooked as a source of disease due to the challenges associated with its detection and characterization, especially for very low-frequency variants. Moreover, PZM can cause a different phenotype compared to constitutional mutations. Especially, lethal mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway genes, which exist only in a mosaic state, can have completely new clinical manifestations and can look very different from the associated monogenic disorder. However, some key questions are still not addressed, such as the level of mosaicism resulting in a pathogenic phenotype and how the clinical outcome changes with the development and age. Addressing these questions is not trivial as we require methods with the sensitivity to capture some of these variants hidden away in very few cells. Recent ultra-accurate deep-sequencing approaches can now identify these low-level mosaics and will be central to understand systemic and local effects of mosaicism in the RTK pathway. The main focus of this review is to highlight the importance of low-level mosaics and the need to include their detection in studies of genomic variation associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Mair
- Institute of BiophysicsJohannes Kepler UniversityLinzAustria
| | - Atena Yasari
- Institute of BiophysicsJohannes Kepler UniversityLinzAustria
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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12
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Sherlock C, Fairburn A, Lawson A, Mair T. The use of magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of distal limb wounds in horses: A pilot study. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Lawson
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Mereworth UK
- Institute of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Neston UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Mereworth UK
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13
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De Cozar M, Sherlock C, Knowles E, Mair T. Serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in horses following emergency exploratory celiotomy. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:59-66. [PMID: 30912857 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-phase proteins may help assess the nature and severity of lesions and outcome in horses undergoing colic surgery. OBJECTIVES To compare serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen concentrations ([SAA] and [fibrinogen]) in the immediate post-operative period after exploratory celiotomy and determine their value in assessment of post-operative complications and survival to discharge. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. METHODS This study included horses over 1 year of age undergoing exploratory celiotomy. Surgical procedures, lesions, post-operative care, complications and survival to discharge were recorded. [SAA] and [fibrinogen] were measured prior to surgery and 5 days post-operatively. Statistical analyses included Yate's Chi-square test, linear mixed effects model, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. RESULTS Of 300 horses, 52.0% developed post-operative complications and 83.7% survived to discharge, with significantly reduced chance of survival in horses that developed post-operative complications (P<0.01). Median [SAA] at days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and median [fibrinogen] at days 3, 4 and 5 were significantly different between horses that did and did not develop post-operative complications (P<0.05). Median [SAA] at days 1, 4 and 5 were significantly different between horses that did and did not survive to discharge (P<0.05). Logistic regression revealed post-operative complications to be associated with strangulating lesions (OR 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-3.91, P≤0.001) and higher [fibrinogen] at admission (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.00-1.45, P<0.05), and survival to discharge to be associated with lower [SAA] at 5 days post-operatively (OR 0.965, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P = 0.002). MAIN LIMITATIONS A large variety of lesions and complications prevented detailed analysis of associations between inflammatory markers, lesions and complications. CONCLUSIONS Horses that develop post-operative complications have acute-phase responses of greater magnitudes and durations compared with those that do not develop complications. This is also seen in horses that do not survive to discharge. Measuring [SAA] daily and [fibrinogen] at admission, may help predict the development of post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Cozar
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - C Sherlock
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - E Knowles
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - T Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, Kent, UK
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14
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Clements PE, Coomer RPC, McKane SA, Gorvy D, Bladon B, Mair T. Clinical findings in 10 horses diagnosed with monorchidism following exploratory laparotomy or standing laparoscopic surgery. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. E. Clements
- Cotts Farm Equine Hospital Ltd Narberth Pembrokeshire UK
| | | | - S. A. McKane
- Cotts Farm Equine Hospital Ltd Narberth Pembrokeshire UK
| | - D. Gorvy
- Mälaren Hästklinik Sigtuna Sweden
| | - B. Bladon
- Donnington Grove Veterinary Surgery Newbury Berkshire UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
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15
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Mair T, Elce Y, Wilkins P, Morresey P. Equine Veterinary Education - past, present and future. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Mair
- Equine Veterinary Education; Fordham Ely, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Y. Elce
- Equine Veterinary Education; Fordham Ely, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - P. Wilkins
- Equine Veterinary Education; Fordham Ely, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - P. Morresey
- Equine Veterinary Education; Fordham Ely, Cambridgeshire UK
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Jennings A, Lepage O, Mair T, Sherlock C. Surgical site infection after occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a thrombectomy catheter: Five cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jennings
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
| | - O. Lepage
- VetAgro Sup; University of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
| | - C. Sherlock
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
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Affiliation(s)
- J. May
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth Maidstone Kent UK
| | - D. Fews
- Veterinary Pathology; School of Veterinary Science; Bristol UK
| | - K. Tennant
- Diagnostic Laboratories; Langford Veterinary Services; Langford House; Langford Bristol UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth Maidstone Kent UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Dawson
- School of Veterinary Sciences; University of Bristol; Langford House; UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Mair
- Equine Veterinary Education
| | - M Spriet
- Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Coomer
- Cotts Equine Hospital; Robeston Wathen; Narberth Pembrokeshire
| | - S. McKane
- Cotts Equine Hospital; Robeston Wathen; Narberth Pembrokeshire
| | - V. Roberts
- School of Veterinary Sciences; University of Bristol; Langford North Somerset UK
| | - D. Gorvy
- Mälaren Equine Clinic; Sigtuna Sweden
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Maidstone Kent UK
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Johns
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; North Mymms Hertfordshire UK
| | - C. Marr
- Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnostic Centre; Exning Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - A. Durham
- Liphook Equine Hospital; Forest Mere; Liphook Hampshire UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Mereworth Maidstone Kent UK
| | - T. McParland
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; North Mymms Hertfordshire UK
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Johns I, McParland T, Mair T. Clinical Research Abstracts of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress 2015. Equine Vet J 2015; 47 Suppl 48:27. [PMID: 26376090 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12486_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Pleural effusion (PE) is reported to occur most commonly secondary to bacterial pneumonia or lung abscesses, with neoplastic effusions contributing the minority of cases. The majority of these reports originate from America and Australia, where long distance transport of horses, a recognised risk factor, appears to occur more frequently. Anecdotally, neoplastic PE is more commonly diagnosed in the UK. OBJECTIVES To describe the causes of PE in horses resident in the UK, and to identify potential markers that can help differentiate between infectious and neoplastic causes of PE. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. METHODS Medical records from 4 referral hospitals in southern England were searched for horses diagnosed with PE. Information gathered from medical records included signalment, diagnosis (infectious vs. neoplastic), admission physical examination and biochemical findings, and characteristics of the effusion (volume, cell count, total protein [TP] concentration). Statistical comparisons were made between the neoplastic and infectious group using appropriate testing. RESULTS Seventy horses were identified, of which 28 (40%) were neoplastic and 42 were infectious. Horses with infectious effusions were significantly younger (median 7 vs. 13 years; P = 0.002) and had significantly smaller volumes of pleural fluid drained at admission (9.8 vs. 32.3 l; P<0.001). Horses with infectious PE had a significantly higher rectal temperature (38.6 vs. 38.2°C; P = 0.03), fibrinogen concentration (7.8 vs. 5.7 g/l; P = 0.02) and serum amyloid A concentration (223 vs. 104 mg/l; P = 0.02). Pleural fluid characteristics identified a significantly greater cell count and TP concentration in horses with infectious PE (47 x 10(9)/l vs. 3.4 x 10(9)/l; P<0.001; 54 vs. 31 g/l; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in the UK neoplastic effusions account for a greater proportion of PE than previously reported. A large volume of PE in an older horse with a low cell count and TP concentration should increase the index of suspicion of neoplasia. Ethical animal research: This was a retrospective study of clinical cases. Explicit owner informed consent for inclusion of animals in this study was not stated. SOURCE OF FUNDING None. Competing interests: None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johns
- Royal Veterinary College, Equine Referral Hospital, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - T McParland
- Royal Veterinary College, Equine Referral Hospital, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - T Mair
- Royal Veterinary College, Equine Referral Hospital, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Naylor R, Knowles E, Wilford S, Linnenkohl W, Taylor A, Mair T, Johns I. Response to letter from Dr Freeman. Equine Vet J 2015; 47:250. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Naylor
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - E. Knowles
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - S. Wilford
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | | | - A. Taylor
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Kent UK
| | - I. Johns
- Equine Referral Hospital; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Mair T. Equine Veterinary Educationvirtual issue on oncology. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lester H, Spanton J, Stratford C, Bartley D, Morgan E, Hodgkinson J, Coumbe K, Mair T, Swan B, Lemon G, Cookson R, Matthews J. Anthelmintic efficacy against cyathostomins in horses in Southern England. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Janssen I, Mair T, Reardon R, Weaver MP, Fricker C, Kremer F, Lischer CJ. Effects of Calcium dobesilate on horses with an increased signal intensity in the navicular bone in fat suppressed images on MRI: Pilot study. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2011. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20110605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Erosion of the palmar (flexor) aspect of the navicular bone is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging techniques. OBJECTIVES To review the clinical, magnetic resonance (MR) and pathological features of deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone. METHODS Cases of deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone, diagnosed by standing low field MR imaging, were selected. Clinical details, results of diagnostic procedures, MR features and pathological findings were reviewed. RESULTS Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone were diagnosed in 16 mature horses, 6 of which were bilaterally lame. Sudden onset of lameness was recorded in 63%. Radiography prior to MR imaging showed equivocal changes in 7 horses. The MR features consisted of focal areas of intermediate or high signal intensity on T1-, T2*- and T2-weighted images and STIR images affecting the dorsal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon, the fibrocartilage of the palmar aspect, subchondral compact bone and medulla of the navicular bone. On follow-up, 7/16 horses (44%) had been subjected to euthanasia and only one was being worked at its previous level. Erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone were confirmed post mortem in 2 horses. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by localised degeneration of fibrocartilage with underlying focal osteonecrosis and fibroplasia. The adjacent deep digital flexor tendon showed fibril formation and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone are more easily diagnosed by standing low field MR imaging than by conventional radiography. The lesions involve degeneration of the palmar fibrocartilage with underlying osteonecrosis and fibroplasia affecting the subchondral compact bone and medulla, and carry a poor prognosis for return to performance. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Diagnosis of shallow erosive lesions of the palmar fibrocartilage may allow therapeutic intervention earlier in the disease process, thereby preventing progression to deep erosive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sherlock
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent ME18 5GS, UK
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Abstract
Under conditions of starvation, populations of the amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate are mediated by chemical excitation waves of cAMP. Two types of waves can be observed, either spiral or circular-shaped ones. We investigate transitions from rotating spirals to circular shaped waves (target patterns). Two different experiments demonstrating this phenomenon are presented. In the first case a continuous transition from the spiral type pattern to target waves was observed at the later stages of aggregation. In the second case the transition was induced by annihilation of waves by a spatially homogeneous cAMP pulse. Instead of the originally present spiral waves, oscillating spots bearing target patterns emerged. On the basis of a model for Dictyostelium aggregation, we provide a theoretical explanation for such transitions. It is shown that cell density can be an effective bifurcation parameter. Under certain conditions, the system is shifted from the excitable to the oscillatory state while the frequency of oscillations is proportional to the square root of the cell density. Thus, the regions with the highest cell density during the early stages of the spatial rearrangement of the cells become pacemakers and produce target patterns. The analytic results were confirmed in numerical simulations of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Polezhaev
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universittätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Reiher A, Warnke C, Radoch S, Witte H, Krtschil A, Mair T, Müller SC, Krost A. Electrical stimulation of the energy metabolism in yeast cells using a planar Ti-Au-electrode interface. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2006; 38:143-8. [PMID: 17031550 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-006-9014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the influence of dielectric pulse injection on the energy metabolism of yeast cells with a planar interdigitated electrode interface. The energy metabolism was measured via NADH fluorescence. The application of dielectric pulses results in a distinct decrease of the fluorescence, indicating a response of the energy metabolism of the yeast cells. The reduction of the NADH signal significantly depends on the pulse parameters, i.e., amplitude and width. Furthermore, the interface is used to detect electrical changes in the cell-electrolyte system, arising from glucose-induced oscillations in yeast cells and yeast extract, by dielectric spectroscopy at 10 kHz. These dielectric investigations revealed a beta(1)-dispersion for the system electrolyte/yeast cells as well as for the system electrolyte/yeast extract. In agreement with control measurements we obtained a glycolytic period of 45 s for yeast cells and of 11 min for yeast extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiher
- Department of Semiconductor Epitaxy, Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, PO Box 4120, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Lushchak OV, Müller SC, Mair T. Comparison of glycolytic NADH oscillations in yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2006; 78:22-8. [PMID: 17290779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The possible mechanism of synchronization of NADH oscillations in yeasts were studied. It was shown that the synchronization time depends on cell concentration in suspension. Synchronization of oscillations after acetaldehyde addition was found in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis whereas in S. cerevisiae oscillations were synchronized after adding potassium cyanide. It is possible, that synchronization of oscillations in S. cerevisiae requires low concentration of acetaldehyde and the high acetaldehyde concentration synchronizes oscillations in S. carlsbergensis. In addition, a possible mechanism of synchronization by acetaldehyde in proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Lushchak
- Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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Dowdall SMJ, Matthews JB, Mair T, Murphy D, Love S, Proudman CJ. Antigen-specific IgG(T) responses in natural and experimental cyathostominae infection in horses. Vet Parasitol 2002; 106:225-42. [PMID: 12062511 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Equine clinical larval cyathostominosis is caused by simultaneous mass emergence of previously inhibited larvae from the mucosa of the colon. Clinical signs include diarrhoea, colic, weight loss and malaise, and in up to 50% of cases, the disease results in death. Cyathostominae spend a large part of their life cycle as larval stages in the intestinal mucosa. Definitive diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of diagnostic methods for pre-patent infection. In the present study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate isotype responses to larval cyathostominae somatic antigen. Measurement of anti-larval IgG(T) responses appeared to have the most immunodiagnostic potential. An increase in IgG(T) response was detected to crude larval antigen by 5 weeks post-infection (PI) in individual infected ponies. Subsequently, IgG(T) responses to larval and adult somatic extracts were examined by Western blotting using sera from experimentally-infected horses and helminth-naive animals (n=6). Two antigen complexes, designated A and B, in larval somatic antigen were recognised specifically by the infected animals by 7 weeks PI. Sera taken from 23 endemically-infected animals, whose cyathostominae burdens had been enumerated, were also used to identify putative diagnostic antigens. Eighteen horses had positive mucosal worm burdens (range 723-3,595,725) and all but two of these animals had serum IgG(T) antibody specific to either complex. Moreover, IgG(T) responses specific to antigen complexes A and B were absent in all five parasite negative horses that were tested. Serum IgG(T) responses to either of the two complexes were identified in five clinical cases tested. IgG(T) responses to adult antigen somatic extracts were more heterogeneous, with no clear pattern between experimentally-infected ponies and helminth-free controls. The results indicate that increases in serum IgG(T) to mucosal larvae occur in the pre-patent period and that two antigenic complexes within somatic preparations of these stages have immunodiagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Dowdall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
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Abstract
During the glycolytic degradation of sugar in a thin layer of yeast extract, travelling waves of NADH and protons can be generated that carry a state of high enzymatic activity through the system. The controlled initiation of such waves with an activator of the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) and the influence of various salts and co-factors on the propagation dynamics are investigated. Furthermore a first study of the dispersion of waves is presented. The experimental characterisation of this in vitro system contributes to unravelling the possible role of glycolysis for biological information processing. In this context, the provision of chemically available energy in the absence of compartmentation by glycolysis is of primary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mair
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Group of Biophysics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
Biological self-organization was investigated in a biochemical and a cellular system: yeast extract and cultures of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. In both systems traveling reaction-diffusion waves occur in response to oscillatory reactions. Glycolytic degradation of sugar in a yeast extract leads to the spontaneous formation of NADH and proton waves. Manipulation of the adenine nucleotide pool by addition of purified plasma membrane ATPase favors the formation of both reaction-diffusion waves and phase waves. The results indicate that the energy charge has an important impact for the dynamics of glycolytic patterns. When affecting the lower part of glycolysis by pyruvate addition the frequency of wave generation was increased with concomitant formation of rotating NADH and proton spirals. During morphogenesis of the cellular system Dictyostelium discoideum, circular and spiral shaped aggregation patterns of motile amoeboid cells form in response to traveling cAMP waves. Velocity analysis of the cell movements reveals that the cAMP waves guide the cells towards the site of wave initiation along optimized trajectories. The minimization of aggregation paths is based on a mechanism exploiting general properties of excitation waves. The resulting aggregation territories are reminiscent of Voronoi diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Müller
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Abteilung Biophysik, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Jaeger HJ, Kolb S, Mair T, Geller M, Christmann A, Kinne RK, Mathias KD. In vitro model for the evaluation of inferior vena cava filters: effect of experimental parameters on thrombus-capturing efficacy of the Vena Tech-LGM filter. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1998; 9:295-304. [PMID: 9540914 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(98)70272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the experimental parameters in an in vitro model that influence the thrombus-capturing efficacy of the Vena Tech-LGM filter. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Vena Tech-LGM filter was evaluated in an in vitro model of the vena cava with a computer-controlled flow system with a total of 5,200 thrombi. The influences of the following experimental parameters on the capture rate were analyzed with a multiple logistic regression model: type of testing (single, double, and multiple shot testing), thrombus diameter and length, IVC diameter and orientation, flow quality and quantity, flow velocity, and the length of the prepositioned thrombus. RESULTS A significant influence on the capture rate could be demonstrated for the type of testing, the thrombus diameter and length, the IVC diameter, and with double shot testing for the length of the prepositioned thrombus and the IVC orientation. The flow quality and the peak velocity were not significant. Based on these results, a protocol for in vitro testing of IVC filters was designed. CONCLUSIONS Experimental parameters influence the thrombus-capturing efficacy of the Vena Tech-LGM filter and should be taken into account when in vitro testing is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jaeger
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, Germany
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Jaeger HJ, Mair T, Geller M, Kinne RK, Christmann A, Mathias KD. A physiologic in vitro model of the inferior vena cava with a computer-controlled flow system for testing of inferior vena cava filters. Invest Radiol 1997; 32:511-22. [PMID: 9291039 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199709000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors develop a physiologic in vitro model of the inferior vena cava (IVC) for testing of filters. METHODS The model is driven by a centrifugal pump. A computer-controlled electromagnetic valve is used for generation of different flow patterns. Limitation of the pressure increase in case of IVC occlusion is achieved by a bypass circuit. A glycerin solution is used for perfusion. Artificial clots are made from polyacrylamide gel. Data acquisition includes continuous monitoring of flow and difference pressure over the filter and video recording of the testing events. RESULTS The model can generate constant and pulsatile flows. The pressure increase can be limited to 70 mm Hg in case of occlusion. Calculation of the flow velocities in the IVC is possible. A classification of thrombus capturing is presented. The testing of most of the results are reproducible. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro model simulates the physiologic conditions in the IVC. It can be used for comparative testing of different filters and the evaluation of new filter designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jaeger
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, Germany
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Mair T, Müller SC. Self-organization in glycolysis--influence of pyruvate and ATPase. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1997; 42:242. [PMID: 9378420 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Mair
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany
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Abstract
Propagation and mutual annihilation of circular and spiral NADH and proton waves were detected by spatially resolved spectrophotometry and fluorescent proton indicators in a biological in vitro system: an organelle-free yeast extract. Spontaneous wave generation during glycolytic sugar degradation is established after an induction period of about 1 h. Controlled wave initiation could be performed by local injection of the strong activator of phosphofructokinase, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. A crucial role for wave initiation and control of pattern dynamics is attributed to the key enzyme of glycolysis, the allosterically regulated phosphofructokinase. An overall increase in the concentration of its positive effector AMP leads to the formation of rotating spirals. The dynamics of the observed wave patterns resemble that of self-organized calcium waves as recently found in frog eggs and heart cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mair
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany
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Mair T, Müller SC. Spatiotemporal pattern formation in a glycolyzing yeast extract. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02814093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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