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McDonald CL, Alcalde GT, Jones TC, Laude RAP, Yap SA, Bhamla MS. Wax "tails" enable planthopper nymphs to self-right midair and land on their feet. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.15.589523. [PMID: 38659822 PMCID: PMC11042284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The striking appearance of wax 'tails' - posterior wax projections on planthopper nymphs - has captivated entomologists and naturalists alike. Despite their intriguing presence, the functional roles of these structures remain largely unexplored. This study leverages high-speed imaging to uncover the biomechanical implications of these wax formations in the aerial dynamics of planthopper nymphs (Ricania sp.). We quantitatively demonstrate that removing wax tails significantly increases body rotations during jumps. Specifically, nymphs without wax projections undergo continuous rotations, averaging 4.3 ± 1.9 per jump, in contrast to wax-intact nymphs, who narrowly complete a full rotation, averaging only 0.7 ± 0.2 per jump. This suggests that wax structures effectively counteract rotation through aerodynamic drag forces. These stark differences in body rotation correlate with landing success: nymphs with wax intact achieve a near perfect landing rate of 98.5%, while those without wax manage only a 35.5% success rate. Jump trajectory analysis reveals transitions from parabolic to Tartaglia shapes at higher take-off velocities for wax-intact nymphs, illustrating how wax structures assist nymphs in achieving stable, controlled descents. Our findings confirm the aerodynamic self-righting functionality of wax tails in stabilizing planthopper landings, advancing our understanding of the complex interplay between wax morphology and aerial maneuverability, with broader implications for the evolution of flight in wingless insects and bioinspired robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. McDonald
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gerwin T. Alcalde
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Thomas C. Jones
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ruby Ana P. Laude
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Sheryl A. Yap
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - M. Saad Bhamla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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2
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Criego AB, Carlson AL, Brown SA, Forlenza GP, Bode BW, Levy CJ, Hansen DW, Hirsch IB, Bergenstal RM, Sherr JL, Mehta SN, Laffel LM, Shah VN, Bhargava A, Weinstock RS, MacLeish SA, DeSalvo DJ, Jones TC, Aleppo G, Buckingham BA, Ly TT. Two Years with a Tubeless Automated Insulin Delivery System: A Single-Arm Multicenter Trial in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2024; 26:11-23. [PMID: 37850941 PMCID: PMC10794844 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) System was shown to be safe and effective following 3 months of use in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, data on the durability of these results are limited. This study evaluated the long-term safety and effectiveness of Omnipod 5 use in people with T1D during up to 2 years of use. Materials and Methods: After a 3-month single-arm, multicenter, pivotal trial in children (6-13.9 years) and adolescents/adults (14-70 years), participants could continue system use in an extension phase. HbA1c was measured every 3 months for up to 15 months; continuous glucose monitor metrics were collected for up to 2 years. Results: Participants (N = 224) completed median (interquartile range) 22.3 (21.7, 22.7) months of AID. HbA1c was reduced in the pivotal trial from 7.7% ± 0.9% in children and 7.2% ± 0.9% in adolescents/adults to 7.0% ± 0.6% and 6.8% ± 0.7%, respectively, (P < 0.0001), and was maintained at 7.2% ± 0.7% and 6.9% ± 0.6% after 15 months (P < 0.0001 from baseline). Time in target range (70-180 mg/dL) increased from 52.4% ± 15.6% in children and 63.6% ± 16.5% in adolescents/adults at baseline to 67.9% ± 8.0% and 73.8% ± 10.8%, respectively, during the pivotal trial (P < 0.0001) and was maintained at 65.9% ± 8.9% and 72.9% ± 11.3% during the extension (P < 0.0001 from baseline). One episode of diabetic ketoacidosis and seven episodes of severe hypoglycemia occurred during the extension. Children and adolescents/adults spent median 96.1% and 96.3% of time in Automated Mode, respectively. Conclusion: Our study supports that long-term use of the Omnipod 5 AID System can safely maintain improvements in glycemic outcomes for up to 2 years of use in people with T1D. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT04196140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B. Criego
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anders L. Carlson
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sue A. Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory P. Forlenza
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Carol J. Levy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David W. Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Irl B. Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard M. Bergenstal
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Sherr
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sanjeev N. Mehta
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori M. Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viral N. Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ruth S. Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sarah A. MacLeish
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J. DeSalvo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas C. Jones
- Department of Research, East Coast Institute for Research at The Jones Center, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | - Grazia Aleppo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce A. Buckingham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Trang T. Ly
- Insulet Corporation, Acton, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Polonsky WH, Hood KK, Levy CJ, MacLeish SA, Hirsch IB, Brown SA, Bode BW, Carlson AL, Shah VN, Weinstock RS, Bhargava A, Jones TC, Aleppo G, Mehta SN, Laffel LM, Forlenza GP, Sherr JL, Huyett LM, Vienneau TE, Ly TT. How introduction of automated insulin delivery systems may influence psychosocial outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes: Findings from the first investigation with the Omnipod® 5 System. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109998. [PMID: 35853530 PMCID: PMC10901155 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate psychosocial outcomes for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using the tubeless Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) System. METHODS A single-arm, multicenter (across the United States), prospective safety and efficacy study of the tubeless AID system included 115 adults with T1D. Participants aged 18-70 years completed questionnaires assessing psychosocial outcomes - diabetes distress (T1-DDS), hypoglycemic confidence (HCS), well-being (WHO-5), sleep quality (PSQI), insulin delivery satisfaction (IDSS), diabetes treatment satisfaction (DTSQ), and system usability (SUS) - before and after 3 months of AID use. Associations among participant characteristics, psychosocial measures and glycemic outcomes were evaluated using linear regression analyses. RESULTS Adults using the tubeless AID system demonstrated improvements in diabetes-specific psychosocial measures, including diabetes distress, hypoglycemic confidence, insulin delivery satisfaction, diabetes treatment satisfaction, and system usability after 3 months (all P < 0.001). No changes in general well-being or sleep quality were observed. The psychosocial outcomes assessed were not consistently associated with baseline participant characteristics (i.e., age, sex, diabetes duration, glycemic outcomes including percent time in range 70-180 mg/dL, percent time below range < 70 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c, or insulin regimen). CONCLUSIONS Use of the Omnipod 5 AID system was associated with significant improvements in diabetes-related psychosocial outcomes for adults with T1D. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04196140.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Polonsky
- Behavioral Diabetes Institute, 5230 Carrol Canyon Road Ste 208, San Diego, CA 92121, United States; University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Korey K Hood
- Department of Pediatrics, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, B300, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Carol J Levy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Sarah A MacLeish
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Building F, Floor 3, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Sue A Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, 560 Ray C Hunt Dr, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Bruce W Bode
- Atlanta Diabetes Associates, 1800 Howell Mill Rd #450, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States
| | - Anders L Carlson
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, HealthPartners, 3800 Park Nicollet Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States
| | - Viral N Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1775 Aurora Ct #A140, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Ruth S Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Anuj Bhargava
- Iowa Diabetes Research, 1031 Office Park Rd Suite #2, West Des Moines, IA 50265, United States
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Research, East Coast Institute for Research at The Jones Center, 265 Sheraton Blvd, Macon, GA 31210, United States
| | - Grazia Aleppo
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 N Michigan Ave Ste 530, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Sanjeev N Mehta
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Gregory P Forlenza
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1775 Aurora Ct #A140, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Jennifer L Sherr
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Lauren M Huyett
- Insulet Corporation, 100 Nagog Park, Acton, MA 01720, United States
| | - Todd E Vienneau
- Insulet Corporation, 100 Nagog Park, Acton, MA 01720, United States
| | - Trang T Ly
- Insulet Corporation, 100 Nagog Park, Acton, MA 01720, United States.
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4
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Zeng F, Fan Y, Brown RW, Drew Gill W, Price JB, Jones TC, Zhu MY. Effects of Manipulation of Noradrenergic Activities on the Expression of Dopaminergic Phenotypes in Aged Rat Brains. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211055064. [PMID: 34812056 PMCID: PMC8613899 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211055064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the pharmacological manipulation of noradrenergic activities on dopaminergic phenotypes in aged rats. Results showed that the administration of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS) for 21 days significantly increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of 23-month-old rats. Furthermore, this treatment significantly increased norepinephrine/DA concentrations in the striatum and caused a deficit of sensorimotor gating as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI). Next, old rats were injected with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist 2-methoxy idazoxan or β2-adrenoceptor agonist salmeterol for 21 days. Both drugs produced similar changes of TH and DAT in the striatum and SN. Moreover, treatments with L-DOPS, 2-methoxy idazoxan, or salmeterol significantly increased the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt in rat striatum and SN. However, although a combination of 2-methoxy idazoxan and salmeterol resulted in a deficit of PPI in these rats, the administration of 2-methoxy idazoxan alone showed an opposite behavioral change. The in vitro experiments revealed that treatments with norepinephrine markedly increased mRNAs and proteins of ATF2 and CBP/p300 and reduced mRNA and proteins of HDAC2 and HDAC5 in MN9D cells. A ChIP assay showed that norepinephrine significantly increased CBP/p300 binding or reduced HDAC2 and HDAC5 binding on the TH promoter. The present results indicate that facilitating noradrenergic activity in the brain can improve the functions of dopaminergic neurons in aged animals. While this improvement may have biochemically therapeutic indication for the status involving the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, it may not definitely include behavioral improvements, as indicated by using 2-methoxy idazoxan only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of the Wuhan University, China.,Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, China
| | - Russell W Brown
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Wesley Drew Gill
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Jennifer B Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, 4154East Tennessee State University, USA
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5
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Brown SA, Forlenza GP, Bode BW, Pinsker JE, Levy CJ, Criego AB, Hansen DW, Hirsch IB, Carlson AL, Bergenstal RM, Sherr JL, Mehta SN, Laffel LM, Shah VN, Bhargava A, Weinstock RS, MacLeish SA, DeSalvo DJ, Jones TC, Aleppo G, Buckingham BA, Ly TT. Multicenter Trial of a Tubeless, On-Body Automated Insulin Delivery System With Customizable Glycemic Targets in Pediatric and Adult Participants With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1630-1640. [PMID: 34099518 PMCID: PMC8323171 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advances in diabetes technology have transformed the treatment paradigm for type 1 diabetes, yet the burden of disease is significant. We report on a pivotal safety study of the first tubeless, on-body automated insulin delivery system with customizable glycemic targets. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This single-arm, multicenter, prospective study enrolled 112 children (age 6-13.9 years) and 129 adults (age 14-70 years). A 2-week standard therapy phase (usual insulin regimen) was followed by 3 months of automated insulin delivery. Primary safety outcomes were incidence of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Primary effectiveness outcomes were change in HbA1c and percent time in sensor glucose range 70-180 mg/dL ("time in range"). RESULTS A total of 235 participants (98% of enrolled, including 111 children and 124 adults) completed the study. HbA1c was significantly reduced in children by 0.71% (7.8 mmol/mol) (mean ± SD: 7.67 ± 0.95% to 6.99 ± 0.63% [60 ± 10.4 mmol/mol to 53 ± 6.9 mmol/mol], P < 0.0001) and in adults by 0.38% (4.2 mmol/mol) (7.16 ± 0.86% to 6.78 ± 0.68% [55 ± 9.4 mmol/mol to 51 ± 7.4 mmol/mol], P < 0.0001). Time in range was improved from standard therapy by 15.6 ± 11.5% or 3.7 h/day in children and 9.3 ± 11.8% or 2.2 h/day in adults (both P < 0.0001). This was accomplished with a reduction in time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL among adults (median [interquartile range]: 2.00% [0.63, 4.06] to 1.09% [0.46, 1.75], P < 0.0001), while this parameter remained the same in children. There were three severe hypoglycemia events not attributable to automated insulin delivery malfunction and one diabetic ketoacidosis event from an infusion site failure. CONCLUSIONS This tubeless automated insulin delivery system was safe and allowed participants to significantly improve HbA1c levels and time in target glucose range with a very low occurrence of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue A Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Gregory P Forlenza
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Carol J Levy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Amy B Criego
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet Pediatric Endocrinology, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David W Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Anders L Carlson
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Jennifer L Sherr
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Viral N Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Anuj Bhargava
- Department of Research, Iowa Diabetes Research, West Des Moines, IA
| | - Ruth S Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Sarah A MacLeish
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel J DeSalvo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Research, East Coast Institute for Research at The Jones Center, Macon, GA
| | - Grazia Aleppo
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Bruce A Buckingham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Brown SA, Levy CJ, Hirsch IB, Bode BW, Carlson AL, Shah VN, Pinsker JE, Weinstock RS, Bhargava A, Mehta SN, Laffel LM, Jones TC, Sherr JL, Aleppo G, Forlenza GP, Ly TT. Safety Evaluation of the Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System Over Three Months of Use in Adults and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). J Endocr Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Advances in diabetes technology have transformed the treatment paradigm for type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet the burden of disease remains significant. The Omnipod 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System is a novel hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system with fully on-body operation. The system consists of a tubeless insulin pump (pod) containing a personalized Model Predictive Control algorithm which communicates directly with a Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor (CGM, or sensor) to automate insulin delivery. Therapy customization is enabled through glucose targets from 110-150 mg/dL, adjustable by time of day. The system adapts to changing insulin needs with each pod change. We report on the first, pivotal outpatient safety evaluation of the system in a large cohort of adults and adolescents with T1D.
Participants aged 14-70y with T1D≥6 months and A1C<10% used the HCL system for 3 months at home after a 14-day run-in phase of their standard therapy (ST). Prior therapy included both pump therapy and multiple daily injections. The primary safety and effectiveness endpoints, respectively, were occurrence of severe hypoglycemia (SH) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and change in A1C and sensor glucose percent time in target range (TIR) (70-180 mg/dL) during HCL compared with ST.
Participants (N=128) were aged (mean±SD) 37±14y with T1D duration 18±12y and baseline A1C 7.2±0.9% (range 5.2-9.8%). There was a significant increase in TIR from ST to HCL, from 64.7±16.6% to 73.9±11.0% (p<0.0001), corresponding to an additional 2.2 hours/day in target range. A1C at end of study was reduced by 0.4%, from 7.2±0.9% to 6.8±0.7% (p<0.0001). Glycemic outcomes for percent of time with CGM readings below and above target range were all reduced (p<0.0001): <54 mg/dL from 0.6±1.2% to 0.2±0.3% (a decrease of 6 minutes/day), <70 mg/dL from 2.9±3.1% to 1.3±1.1% (a decrease of 23 minutes/day), >180 mg/dL from 32.4±17.3% to 24.7±11.2% (a decrease of 1.8 hours/day), and ≥250 mg/dL from 10.1±10.5% to 5.8±5.5% (a decrease of 1.0 hours/day). The mean glucose also decreased from 161±28 to 154±17 mg/dL (p=0.0002). During the 3-month HCL phase there were 2 episodes of SH (both following user-initiated boluses) and no episodes of DKA reported. Most participants completing the pivotal study (92%) opted to continue using the system during an extension phase.
In this outpatient, multi-center pivotal study in a large cohort of adults and adolescents with T1D, the Omnipod 5 System was safe and effective when used for 3 months at home. There were significant improvements in both TIR and A1C with use of the system, while time in hypoglycemic ranges was also reduced. The current results and commitment to the extension phase highlight the safe and effective use of the HCL system, as well as the preference for the Omnipod 5 System over participants’ previous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue A Brown
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Carol J Levy
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas C Jones
- East Coast Institute for Research at The Jones Center, Macon, GA, USA
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7
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Cui K, Yang F, Tufan T, Raza MU, Zhan Y, Fan Y, Zeng F, Brown RW, Price JB, Jones TC, Miller GW, Zhu MY. Restoration of Noradrenergic Function in Parkinson's Disease Model Mice. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211009730. [PMID: 33940943 PMCID: PMC8114769 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211009730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the central noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems is the primary neurobiological characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Importantly, neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus (LC) that occurs in early stages of PD may accelerate progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, restoring the activity and function of the deficient noradrenergic system may be an important therapeutic strategy for early PD. In the present study, the lentiviral constructions of transcription factors Phox2a/2b, Hand2 and Gata3, either alone or in combination, were microinjected into the LC region of the PD model VMAT2 Lo mice at 12 and 18 month age. Biochemical analysis showed that microinjection of lentiviral expression cassettes into the LC significantly increased mRNA levels of Phox2a, and Phox2b, which were accompanied by parallel increases of mRNA and proteins of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC. Furthermore, there was considerable enhancement of DBH protein levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as enhanced TH protein levels in the striatum and substantia nigra. Moreover, these manipulations profoundly increased norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations in the striatum, which was followed by a remarkable improvement of the spatial memory and locomotor behavior. These results reveal that over-expression of these transcription factors in the LC improves noradrenergic and dopaminergic activities and functions in this rodent model of PD. It provides the necessary groundwork for the development of gene therapies of PD, and expands our understanding of the link between the LC-norepinephrine and dopamine systems during the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States.,Hong Kong Institute, Asia Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Muhammad U Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Yanqiang Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of the Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of the Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Jennifer B Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences; East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences; East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailmen School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, United States
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8
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Schneider J, Engler M, Hofmann J, Selinka HC, Jones TC, Drosten C, Diedrich S, Corman VM, Böttcher S. Molecular detection of cosaviruses in a patient with acute flaccid paralysis and in sewage samples in Germany. Virus Res 2021; 297:198285. [PMID: 33548413 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cosaviruses (CoSV) were first identified in stool samples collected from non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and their healthy contacts in Pakistan in 2003. The clinical importance of CoSV remains unclear as data on epidemiology are scarce and no routine diagnostic testing is done. In this study, we characterized human CoSV (HCoSV) in a child with non-polio AFP and in sewage samples collected in Berlin, Germany. Using unbiased high-throughput sequencing and specific PCR, we characterized a HCoSV-D in stool samples of a three-year-old child hospitalized in Germany with non-polio AFP and travel history to Pakistan. The shedding pattern and absence of other relevant pathogens suggests that HCoSV-D may have been involved in the genesis of AFP. The HCoSV-RNA concentration was high, with 2.57 × 106 copies per mL fecal/suspension, decreasing in follow-up samples. To investigate the possibility of local circulation of HCoSV, we screened Berlin sewage samples collected between 2013 and 2018. Molecular testing of sewage samples has shown the presence of CoSV in several parts of the world, but until now not in Germany. Of our sewage samples, 54.3 % were positive for CoSV, with up to three viral species identified in samples. Phylogenetically, the German sequences clustered intermixed with sequences obtained globally. Together, these findings emphasize the need for further clinical, epidemiological, environmental, pathogenicity and phylogenetic studies of HCoSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schneider
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Engler
- Department of Paediatrics, Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Starkenburgring 66, 63069, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - J Hofmann
- Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - H C Selinka
- German Environment Agency, Microbiological Risks, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - T C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - C Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Diedrich
- National Reference Center for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - V M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Böttcher
- National Reference Center for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Wilson RJ, Ahmed TH, Rahman MM, Cartwright BM, Jones TC. Identification and activity of monoamine oxidase in the orb-weaving spider Larinioides cornutus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113580. [PMID: 32827514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a mitochondrial membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamines in a wide array of organisms. While the enzyme monoamine oxidase has been studied extensively in its role in moderating behavior in mammals, there is a paucity of research investigating this role in invertebrates, where the latter utilizes this enzyme in a major pathway to degrade monoamines. There is especially a dismal lack of information on how MAO influences activity in invertebrates, particularly in account of the circadian cycle. Previous studies revealed MAO degrades serotonin and norepinephrine in arachnids, but did not investigate other critically important compounds like octopamine. Larinioides cornutus is a species of orb-weaving spider that exhibits diel fluctuations in behavior, specifically levels of aggression. The monoamines octopamine and serotonin have been shown to influence aggressive behaviors in L. cornutus, thus this species was used to investigate if MAO is a potential site of regulation throughout the day. Not only did gene expression of MAO orthologs and MAO activity fluctuate at different times of day, but the enzymatic activity was substrate-specific producing a higher level of degradation of octopamine as compared to serotonin in vitro. This study further supports evidence that MAO has an active role in monoamine inactivation in invertebrates and provides a first look at how MAO ultimately may be regulating behavior in an invertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37601, United States.
| | - Tahmina H Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37601, United States
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37601, United States
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10
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Fan Y, Zeng F, Brown RW, Price JB, Jones TC, Zhu MY. Transcription Factors Phox2a/2b Upregulate Expression of Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Phenotypes in Aged Rat Brains. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:793-807. [PMID: 32617854 PMCID: PMC7484387 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of forced overexpression of Phox2a/2b, two transcription factors, in the locus coeruleus (LC) of aged rats on noradrenergic and dopaminergic phenotypes in brains. Results showed that a significant increase in Phox2a/2b mRNA levels in the LC region was paralleled by marked enhancement in expression of DBH and TH per se. Furthermore, similar increases in TH protein levels were observed in the substantial nigra and striatum, as well as in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Overexpression of Phox2 genes also significantly increased BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and NE levels in the striatum. Moreover, this manipulation significantly improved the cognition behavior. The in vitro experiments revealed that norepinephrine treatments may increase the transcription of TH gene through the epigenetic action on the TH promoter. The results indicate that Phox2 genes may play an important role in improving the function of the noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in aged animals, and regulation of Phox2 gene expression may have therapeutic utility in aging or disorders involving degeneration of noradrenergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Remin Hospital of the Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Russell W Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer B Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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11
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Mah A, Ayoub N, Toporikova N, Jones TC, Moore D. Locomotor activity patterns in three spider species suggest relaxed selection on endogenous circadian period and novel features of chronotype. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:499-515. [PMID: 32219511 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in three spider species in the Family Theridiidae under light-dark cycles and constant darkness. Contrary to previous findings in other organisms, we found exceptionally high variability in endogenous circadian period both within and among species. Many individuals exhibited circadian periods much lower (19-22 h) or much higher (26-30 h) than the archetypal circadian period. These results suggest relaxed selection on circadian period as well as an ability to succeed in nature despite a lack of circadian resonance with the 24-h daily cycle. Although displaying similar entrainment waveforms under light-dark cycles, there were remarkable differences among the three species with respect to levels of apparent masking and dispersion of activity under constant dark conditions. These behavioral differences suggest an aspect of chronotype adapted to the particular ecologies of the different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mah
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Pl #809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Nadia Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Howe Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Natalia Toporikova
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Howe Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington Street, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - Darrell Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
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12
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Jones TC, Hoops S, Watson LT, Palmisano A, Tyson JJ, Shaffer CA. JigCell Model Connector: building large molecular network models from components. Simulation 2018; 94:993-1008. [PMID: 31303682 PMCID: PMC6626305 DOI: 10.1177/0037549717754121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing size and complexity of molecular network models makes them increasingly difficult to construct and understand. Modifying a model that consists of tens of reactions is no easy task. Attempting the same on a model containing hundreds of reactions can seem nearly impossible. We present the JigCell Model Connector, a software tool that supports large-scale molecular network modeling. Our approach to developing large models is to combine smaller models, making the result easier to comprehend. At the base, the smaller models (called modules) are defined by small collections of reactions. Modules connect together to form larger modules through clearly defined interfaces, called ports. In this work, we enhance the port concept by defining three types of ports. An output port is linked to an internal component that will send a value. An input port is linked to an internal component that will receive a value. An equivalence port is linked to an internal component that will both receive and send values. Not all modules connect together in the same way; therefore, multiple connection options need to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Jones
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Stefan Hoops
- Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Layne T Watson
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alida Palmisano
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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13
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Watts JC, Jones TC, Herrig A, Miller M, Tenhumberg B. Temporal Variation in Predation Risk May Explain Daily Rhythms of Foraging Behavior in an Orb-Weaving Spider. Am Nat 2018; 191:74-87. [DOI: 10.1086/694775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Quijano AJ, Joyner ML, Ross C, Watts JC, Seier E, Jones TC. Spatio-temporal analysis of foraging behaviors of Anelosimus studiosus utilizing mathematical modeling of multiple spider interaction on a cooperative web. J Theor Biol 2016; 408:243-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Deng M, Tufan T, Raza MU, Jones TC, Zhu MY. MicroRNAs 29b and 181a down-regulate the expression of the norepinephrine transporter and glucocorticoid receptors in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2016; 139:197-207. [PMID: 27501468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that provide global regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Such regulation has been found to play a role in stress-induced epigenetic responses in the brain. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) and glucocorticoid receptors are closely related to the homeostatic integration and regulation after stress. Our previous studies demonstrated that NET mRNA and protein levels in rats are regulated by chronic stress and by administration of corticosterone, which is mediated through glucocorticoid receptors. Whether miRNAs are intermediaries in the regulation of these proteins remains to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine possible regulatory effects of miRNAs on the expression of NET and glucocorticoid receptors in the noradrenergic neuronal cell line. Using computational target prediction, we identified several candidate miRNAs potentially targeting NET and glucocorticoid receptors. Western blot results showed that over-expression of miR-181a and miR-29b significantly repressed protein levels of NET, which is accompanied by a reduced [3 H] norepinephrine uptake, and glucocorticoid receptors in PC12 cells. Luciferase reporter assays verified that both miR-181a and miR-29b bind the 3'UTR of mRNA of NET and glucocorticoid receptors. Furthermore, exposure of PC12 cells to corticosterone markedly reduced the endogenous levels of miR-29b, which was not reversed by the application of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. These observations indicate that miR-181a and miR-29b can function as the negative regulators of NET and glucocorticoid receptor translation in vitro. This regulatory effect may be related to stress-induced up-regulation of the noradrenergic phenotype, a phenomenon observed in stress models and depressive patients. This study demonstrated that miR-29b and miR-181a, two short non-coding RNAs that provide global regulation of gene expression, markedly repressed protein levels of norepinephrine (NE) transporter and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), as well as NE uptake by binding the 3'UTR of their mRNAs in PC12 cells. Also, exposure of cells to corticosterone significantly reduced miR-29b levels through a GR-independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxian Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of A&F, Jurong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muhammad U Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
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16
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Palmisano A, Hoops S, Watson LT, Jones TC, Tyson JJ, Shaffer CA. JigCell Run Manager (JC-RM): a tool for managing large sets of biochemical model parametrizations. BMC Syst Biol 2015; 9:95. [PMID: 26704692 PMCID: PMC4690432 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Most biomolecular reaction modeling tools allow users to build models with a single list of parameter values. However, a common scenario involves different parameterizations of the model to account for the results of related experiments, for example, to define the phenotypes for a variety of mutations (gene knockout, over expression, etc.) of a specific biochemical network. This scenario is not well supported by existing model editors, forcing the user to manually generate, store, and maintain many variations of the same model. Results We developed an extension to our modeling editor called the JigCell Run Manager (JC-RM). JC-RM allows the modeler to define a hierarchy of parameter values, simulations, and plot settings, and to save them together with the initial model. JC-RM supports generation of simulation plots, as well as export to COPASI and SBML (L3V1) for further analysis. Conclusions Developing a model with its initial list of parameter values is just the first step in modeling a biological system. Models are often parameterized in many different ways to account for mutations of the organism and/or for sets of related experiments performed on the organism. JC-RM offers two critical features: it supports the everyday management of a large model, complete with its parameterizations, and it facilitates sharing this information before and after publication. JC-RM allows the modeler to define a hierarchy of parameter values, simulation, and plot settings, and to maintain a relationship between this hierarchy and the initial model. JC-RM is implemented in Java and uses the COPASI API. JC-RM runs on all major operating systems, with minimal system requirements. Installers, source code, user manual, and examples can be found at the COPASI website (http://www.copasi.org/Projects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Palmisano
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, 24060, VA, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1405 Perry Street, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
| | - Stefan Hoops
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
| | - Layne T Watson
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, 24060, VA, USA. .,Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, 225 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, 24060, VA, USA.
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1405 Perry Street, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
| | - Clifford A Shaffer
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, 24060, VA, USA.
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17
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Quijano AJ, Joyner ML, Seier E, Hancock N, Largent M, Jones TC. An aggregate stochastic model incorporating individual dynamics for predation movements of Anelosimus studiosus. Math Biosci Eng 2015; 12:585-607. [PMID: 25811547 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex John Quijano
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States.
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18
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Hebets EA, Hansen M, Jones TC, Wilgers DJ. Octopamine levels relate to male mating tactic expression in the wolf spider Rabidosa punctulata. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Fonville JM, Wilks SH, James SL, Fox A, Ventresca M, Aban M, Xue L, Jones TC, Le NMH, Pham QT, Tran ND, Wong Y, Mosterin A, Katzelnick LC, Labonte D, Le TT, van der Net G, Skepner E, Russell CA, Kaplan TD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Masurel N, de Jong JC, Palache A, Beyer WEP, Le QM, Nguyen TH, Wertheim HFL, Hurt AC, Osterhaus ADME, Barr IG, Fouchier RAM, Horby PW, Smith DJ. Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination. Science 2014; 346:996-1000. [PMID: 25414313 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fonville
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - S H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - S L James
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - A Fox
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M Ventresca
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - M Aban
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - L Xue
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - T C Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - N M H Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Q T Pham
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N D Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Y Wong
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK
| | - A Mosterin
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - L C Katzelnick
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - D Labonte
- Insect Biomechanics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - T T Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - G van der Net
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - E Skepner
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - C A Russell
- WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - T D Kaplan
- bobblewire.com, Saint Louis, MO 63112, US
| | - G F Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - N Masurel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - J C de Jong
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - A Palache
- Abbott Laboratories, Weesp 1380 DA, the Netherlands
| | - W E P Beyer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - Q M Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T H Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H F L Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - A C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - I G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - R A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
| | - P W Horby
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - D J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,WHO Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, the Netherlands
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20
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Joyner ML, Ross CR, Watts C, Jones TC. A stochastic simulation model for Anelosimus studiosus during prey capture: a case study for determination of optimal spacing. Math Biosci Eng 2014; 11:1411-1429. [PMID: 25365607 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a stochastic differential equation model to simulate the movement of a social/subsocial spider species, Anelosimus studiosus, during prey capture using experimental data collected in a structured environment. In a subsocial species, females and their maturing offspring share a web and cooperate in web maintenance and prey capture. Furthermore, observations indicate these colonies change their positioning throughout the day, clustered during certain times of the day while spaced out at other times. One key question was whether or not the spiders spaced out ``optimally'' to cooperate in prey capture. In this paper, we first show the derivation of the model where experimental data is used to determine key parameters within the model. We then use this model to test the success of prey capture under a variety of different spatial configurations for varying colony sizes to determine the best spatial configuration for prey capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Joyner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Institute for Quantitative Biology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37659, United States.
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Johns BR, Jones TC, Sink JH, Cooke CE. Real-world assessment of glycemic control after V-Go® initiation in an endocrine practice in the southeastern United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014; 8:1060-1. [PMID: 24876455 PMCID: PMC4455367 DOI: 10.1177/1932296814537041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry R Johns
- The Jones Center for Diabetes & Endocrine Wellness, Macon, GA, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- The Jones Center for Diabetes & Endocrine Wellness, Macon, GA, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - John H Sink
- The Jones Center for Diabetes & Endocrine Wellness, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Catherine E Cooke
- PosiHealth, Inc, Ellicott City, MD, USA University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Palmisano A, Hoops S, Watson LT, Jones TC, Tyson JJ, Shaffer CA. Multistate Model Builder (MSMB): a flexible editor for compact biochemical models. BMC Syst Biol 2014; 8:42. [PMID: 24708852 PMCID: PMC4234935 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-8-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Building models of molecular regulatory networks is challenging not just because of the intrinsic difficulty of describing complex biological processes. Writing a model is a creative effort that calls for more flexibility and interactive support than offered by many of today’s biochemical model editors. Our model editor MSMB — Multistate Model Builder — supports multistate models created using different modeling styles. Results MSMB provides two separate advances on existing network model editors. (1) A simple but powerful syntax is used to describe multistate species. This reduces the number of reactions needed to represent certain molecular systems, thereby reducing the complexity of model creation. (2) Extensive feedback is given during all stages of the model creation process on the existing state of the model. Users may activate error notifications of varying stringency on the fly, and use these messages as a guide toward a consistent, syntactically correct model. MSMB default values and behavior during model manipulation (e.g., when renaming or deleting an element) can be adapted to suit the modeler, thus supporting creativity rather than interfering with it. MSMB’s internal model representation allows saving a model with errors and inconsistencies (e.g., an undefined function argument; a syntactically malformed reaction). A consistent model can be exported to SBML or COPASI formats. We show the effectiveness of MSMB’s multistate syntax through models of the cell cycle and mRNA transcription. Conclusions Using multistate reactions reduces the number of reactions need to encode many biochemical network models. This reduces the cognitive load for a given model, thereby making it easier for modelers to build more complex models. The many interactive editing support features provided by MSMB make it easier for modelers to create syntactically valid models, thus speeding model creation. Complete information and the installation package can be found at http://www.copasi.org/SoftwareProjects. MSMB is based on Java and the COPASI API.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Palmisano
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, 2202 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Hay RJ, Korting HC, Jones TC. Single-dose treatment of athlete’s foot with terbinafine: report from a Dermatology Expert Panel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Orson L. Sydora
- Research and
Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, 1862 Kingwood Drive,
Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Thomas C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, 105 Garfield
Avenue, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Brooke L. Small
- Research and
Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, 1862 Kingwood Drive,
Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Alex J. Nett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, 105 Garfield
Avenue, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Anne A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, 105 Garfield
Avenue, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Michael J. Carney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Eau Claire, 105 Garfield
Avenue, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
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Pruitt JN, Riechert SE, Jones TC. Behavioural syndromes and their fitness consequences in a socially polymorphic spider, Anelosimus studiosus. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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James IG, Loria-Kanza Y, Jones TC. Short-duration topical treatment of tinea pedis using terbinafine emulsion gel: results of a dose-ranging clinical trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2007; 18:163-8. [PMID: 17538805 DOI: 10.1080/09546630701247971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of tinea pedis, current terbinafine formulations are applied once or twice daily for 7 days. A terbinafine emulsion gel formulation has been developed to provide a 5-day treatment course for tinea pedis. OBJECTIVE To determine the lowest effective concentration of terbinafine (1% or 3%) emulsion gel applied once daily for 5 days for the treatment of tinea pedis. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of 1% and 3% terbinafine gel for 5 days in 84 outpatients with tinea pedis. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients with effective treatment (negative microscopy and culture with only mild erythema/desquamation/pruritus [total score<or=2]) at study endpoint (last post-baseline observation up to and including week 6). RESULTS Efficacy rates with terbinafine 1% and 3% emulsion gel were significantly higher than with placebo (86% and 68% vs 11%, respectively; p<0.001). Similarly, mycological cure rates were significantly greater with terbinafine 1% and 3% gel (97% and 89%, respectively) than with placebo (22%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Terbinafine 1% emulsion gel used once daily for 5 days was the lowest effective concentration, and was significantly superior to placebo. Both concentrations were effective and safe, providing convenient, short-duration treatment of tinea pedis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G James
- Spring House Surgery, Bolton, United Kingdom.
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de Jong JC, Smith DJ, Lapedes AS, Donatelli I, Campitelli L, Barigazzi G, Van Reeth K, Jones TC, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Antigenic and genetic evolution of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Europe. J Virol 2007; 81:4315-22. [PMID: 17287258 PMCID: PMC1866135 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02458-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 1970s, a human influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)-like virus colonized the European swine population. Analyses of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated in The Netherlands and Belgium revealed that in the early 1990s, antigenic drift had occurred, away from A/Port Chalmers/1/73, the strain commonly used in influenza vaccines for pigs. Here we show that Italian swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses displayed antigenic and genetic changes similar to those observed in Northern European viruses in the same period. We used antigenic cartography methods for quantitative analyses of the antigenic evolution of European swine H3N2 viruses and observed a clustered virus evolution as seen for human viruses. Although the antigenic drift of swine and human H3N2 viruses has followed distinct evolutionary paths, potential cluster-differentiating amino acid substitutions in the influenza virus surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) were in part the same. The antigenic evolution of swine viruses occurred at a rate approximately six times slower than the rate in human viruses, even though the rates of genetic evolution of the HA at the nucleotide and amino acid level were similar for human and swine H3N2 viruses. Continuous monitoring of antigenic changes is recommended to give a first indication as to whether vaccine strains may need updating. Our data suggest that humoral immunity in the population plays a smaller role in the evolutionary selection processes of swine H3N2 viruses than in human H3N2 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C de Jong
- National Influenza Center, Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jones TC. A call to restructure the drug development process: government over-regulation and non-innovative late stage (Phase III) clinical trials are major obstacles to advances in health care. Sci Eng Ethics 2005; 11:575-87. [PMID: 16279756 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-005-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The history of drug/vaccine development has included major advances guided primarily by risk/benefit analyses concerning the innovative agent, not by evidence-based clinical trials (Phase I-IV). Because the approval for new drugs is hindered under the present process, the system requires restructuring. The Phase I/II study period should be more flexible, using the "environment of knowledge" about the new agent, plus risk/benefit assessments. Phase III, as presently constructed, does not add new adverse events data, it provides a narrower profile of drug efficacy than properly done Phase II studies, and placebo-controlled trials continue to raise unresolved ethical and social issues. Phase III studies should be abandoned for most drugs, and substituted with properly powered Phase II dose-ranging studies plus careful post-marketing surveillance. Phase III should be a penalty for poor drug development, not a regulatory requirement. To accomplish efficient drug development, greater cooperation between pharmaceutical companies and governments in developing clinical trials is needed rather than over-regulation. These changes will synchronize the drug development and regulatory process with the current rapid drug discovery process, reduce drug development time and cost, and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Jones
- Clinical Research Consultants, Ob. Rheinweg 71, 4058 Basle, Switzerland.
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Jones TC, Gasser M, Erb P, Oechslin H. Cough and fear of sleep: early clinical signs of Bordetella pertussis in an adult. Braz J Infect Dis 2004; 8:324-7. [PMID: 15565264 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702004000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is increasing in frequency among adults, but early diagnosis requires special attention to details in the medical history. We describe a 64 year-old male with classic signs and symptoms of pertussis and documented Bordetella pertussis infection that were overlooked because he presented with a chief complaint of cough and fear of falling asleep. Coughing paroxysms and a feeling of suffocation (30-60 seconds) only occurred at night after short periods of deep sleep (30-45 minutes). The physicians did not observe these episodes during daytime examinations, and the basis of the patient's fear of sleep was not explored. We recommend reassessment of how adults describe symptoms of pertussis, including fear of sleep, and we suggest the use of PCR technology to allow early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
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Riechert SE, Singer FD, Jones TC. High gene flow levels lead to gamete wastage in a desert spider system. Genetica 2002; 112-113:297-319. [PMID: 11838772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Field censuses, breeding experiments, and a quantitative model are used to obtain insight into the extent and consequences of genetic mixing between locally adapted populations of a desert spider. Typically, 9% of the matings of desert riparian spiders (non-aggressive phenotype) in native habitat involve an arid-land partner (aggressive phenotype). Mating was found to be random with respect to behavioral phenotype, but linearly related to both the rate of immigration and survival of immigrants from surrounding arid habitats in the riparian area. Genetic mixing between riparian and arid-land spiders produces offspring that exhibit lower rates of survival in riparian habitat. Two extreme behavioral phenotypes were also observed in the field studies: approximately 5% of the female spiders attacked all males they encountered while another 22% ran from all potential mates. Punnett square analyses of the potential genotypes produced by introgression between arid- and riparian-adapted spiders indicate that these extreme phenotypes appear in F2 generation hybrids and backcrosses. Because there is a costly wastage of gametes in the case of mixed phenotype mating, model results indicate that within three generations of the cessation of gene flow, the riparian population would be free of mixed genotypes and moving towards genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Riechert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1610, USA.
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Badaró R, Jones TC. Five years of a special approach to medical communication: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Braz J Infect Dis 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702001000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Jones TC. Immunomodulation--an idea from the past looks more promising than ever. Braz J Infect Dis 2001; 5:233-4. [PMID: 11712968 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702001000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jones
- Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Badaró R, Jones TC. Entomology continues to be an important discipline for public health--the role of the infectious diseases specialist. Braz J Infect Dis 2000; 4:313-6. [PMID: 11136530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
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McDermott KB, Jones TC, Petersen SE, Lageman SK, Roediger HL. Retrieval success is accompanied by enhanced activation in anterior prefrontal cortex during recognition memory: an event-related fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 2000; 12:965-76. [PMID: 11177417 DOI: 10.1162/08989290051137503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neural regions associated with retrieval success were identified using event-related fMRI procedures and randomly ordered trials on a recognition memory test. Differences between hits and correct rejections (CRs) occurred multiple regions, including bilateral anterior and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior parietal cortex, and right superior parietal cortex (all hits > CRs), and right occipital cortex (CRs > hits). The hit > CR pattern is not compromised by time-on-task explanations because response latencies for correctly rejected words exceeded those for hits. Converging evidence for the claim that the hit > CR pattern identified neural correlates of retrieval success was obtained by unconfounding item history and retrieval success. That is, we implemented a third condition in which nonstudied words were presented, yet retrieval success was hypothesized to facilitate CRs of these lures. Specifically, in when confronted with a familiar, yet nonstudied word, (e.g., nosedive after studying nosebleed and skydive), subjects might adopt a strategy whereby they recall the studied word(s) that gave rise to the familiarity (nosebleed, skydive) and thereby reject the lure. This method of instantiating retrieval success under conditions in which the target word had not been studied offers converging evidence for the claim that anterior-prefrontal cortex (among other regions) demonstrates enhanced activation during retrieval success.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B McDermott
- Department of Psychology, Box 1125, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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Abstract
We estimated the rate of extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs) in waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) on Isla Española, Galápagos, Ecuador, using multilocus minisatellite DNA fingerprinting. Waved albatrosses are socially monogamous, long-lived seabirds whose main population is on Española. Aggressive extra-pair copulation (EPC) attempts have been observed in the breeding colony during the days preceding egg-laying. Our genetic analyses of 16 families (single chicks and their attending parents) revealed evidence of EPFs in four families. In all cases males were the excluded parent. These data suggest that waved albatrosses have an unusually high rate of EPF relative to taxa with similar life histories. Future behavioural observations will determine the extent to which forced vs. unforced EPCs contribute to this high EPF rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Huyvaert
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem NC 27109, USA.
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Badaró R, Jones TC. Conflicting messages regarding emerging microbial resistance, microbial sensitivity testing and control of antibiotic use in hospitals. Braz J Infect Dis 2000; 4:43-5. [PMID: 10788845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jones
- Clinical Research Consultants, Basle, Switzerland
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Tarr PE, Kuppens L, Jones TC, Ivanoff B, Aparin PG, Heymann DL. Considerations regarding mass vaccination against typhoid fever as an adjunct to sanitation and public health measures: potential use in an epidemic in Tajikistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61:163-70. [PMID: 10432074 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the ongoing epidemic of typhoid fever in Tajikistan that started in 1996. It has involved more than 24,000 cases to date, and is characterized by multiple point sources, overflow of sewage, contaminated municipal water, and person-to-person spread. Of the Salmonella typhi isolates available for testing in western laboratories, more than 90% are multidrug-resistant (MDR). Most recently, 28 (82%) of 34 isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, representing the first reported epidemic of quinolone-resistant typhoid fever. In the past, mass immunization during typhoid fever epidemics has been discouraged. A review of this policy is recommended in light of the alarming emergence of quinolone-resistant strains of S. typhi, the availability of improved vaccines, and the ongoing epidemic in Tajikistan. Mass immunization may be a useful measure for the control of prolonged MDR typhoid fever epidemics, as an adjunct to correction of municipal infrastructure and public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Tarr
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dierdorf R, Kreuter U, Jones TC. Use of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in the treatment of prolonged haematopoietic dysfunction after chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus bone marrow transplantation. Med Oncol 1997; 14:91-8. [PMID: 9330268 DOI: 10.1007/bf02990953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with prolonged haematopoietic dysfunction (> 21 days) after using chemotherapy to treat cancer. One hundred and seven patients were identified who had a leucocyte count below 1000 cells/mm3 more than 21 days after start of chemotherapy (81 patients) or after bone marrow transplantation (BMT)(26 patients). There were 66 males and 40 females ranging in age from 4.5 to 82 years. The duration of aplasia was 48 +/- 43 days in the chemotherapy alone group, and 79 +/- 57 days in the post BMT group. Over 80% of the patients had haematologic malignancies and 70% had an infection prior to the start of the cytokine. Patients received 5 micrograms GM-CSF/kg1 body weight daily i.v. or s.c. for 14 +/- 11 days in the chemotherapy group and 20 +/- 26 days in the BMT group. Sixty percent of chemotherapy patients and 58% of BMT patients had a haematological response to treatment (leucocyte count > 2000 cells/mm3. Median times to haematologic recovery were 7 days in the chemotherapy group and 10 days in the BMT group. There was a significant reduction in the number of infections (73% to 28% in the chemotherapy group). Clinical responses in the two groups were 55% and 50%, respectively. No severe, drug-related adverse events were reported and no evidence of stimulation of malignant clones was observed. It is concluded that GM-CSF is effective and well tolerated in patients with prolonged bone marrow dysfunction after chemotherapy or BMT. Although results from an open-label trial must be viewed with caution, this observation confirms the value and safety of GM-CSF therapy in patients with this severe, and often fatal, condition.
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Tausch I, Bräutigam M, Weidinger G, Jones TC. Evaluation of 6 weeks treatment of terbinafine in tinea unguium in a double-blind trial comparing 6 and 12 weeks therapy. The Lagos V Study Group. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136:737-42. [PMID: 9205509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Terbinafine (Lamisil) has been registered throughout the world for the treatment of finger and toenail onychomycosis. The recommended duration of treatment of toenail onychomycosis based on phase III studies is 12 weeks. This study was designed to determine: (i) if patients in whom the proximal part of the toenails was not affected respond as well after 6 weeks treatment as after 12 weeks treatment; (ii) to identify factors which may allow selection of patients for shorter treatment duration; and (iii) confirm that 6 weeks therapy is sufficient in fingernail mycosis. One hundred and forty-eight patients received 250 mg terbinafine daily for either 6 or 12 weeks in a double-blinded manner, and were allowed until 48 weeks after start of therapy. Cure of the nail infection was defined as negative mycological tests (mycological cure) and progressive growth of normal nail (clinical cure). Mycological cure was recorded in 43 of 72 (59.7%) in the 6-week group and 55 of 76 (72.4%) in the 12-week group. In those who completed the study per protocol in the 6-week group, 34 of 61 (55.7%) were cured mycologically corresponding to 46 of 56 (82.1%) in the 12-week group. The overall clinical and mycological cure rates for the two groups were 28 of 61 (45.9%) and 33 of 56 (58.9%), respectively. In the small number of patients with associated fingernail infection, all were improved and six of eight (75.0%) were cured after a duration of treatment of 6 weeks. A priori risk factors for failure of cure could not be identified in either group. However, shorter duration of disease prior to treatment and no involvement of the big toenail was associated with a trend toward better responses in both groups. It can be concluded from this study that, in toenail mycosis without visible matrix involvement, 6 weeks treatment of terbinafine is generally not sufficient, whereas fingernail infections respond well to this short therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tausch
- Department of Dermatology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The use of telecommunication technology in nursing education is increasing dramatically. Interactive television courses are effective and efficient in overcoming barriers of distance and access. Faculty members using the technology find many opportunities for innovation and creativity as courses are implemented. The authors describe a nursing graduate course offered collaboratively between two schools of nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Olivet
- Capstone College of Nursing, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
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Faergemann J, Zehender H, Boukhabza A, Smith SG, Jones TC. A double-blind comparison of levels of terbinafine and itraconazole in plasma, skin, sebum, hair and nails during and after oral medication. Acta Derm Venereol 1997; 77:74-6. [PMID: 9059688 DOI: 10.2340/00015555777476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Tarr PE, Lin R, Mueller EA, Kovarik JM, Guillaume M, Jones TC. Evaluation of tolerability and antibody response after recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and a single dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine 1996; 14:1199-204. [PMID: 8961505 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) has been shown to augment antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro, and to increase antibody responses to injected antigens in experimental animals. To evaluate the usefulness of rhGM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant, 108 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive an injection of rhGM-CSF (n = 81) or placebo (control group; n = 27), followed by an injection with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine into the same site. During the study period of 28 days, protective antibody titers to hepatitis surface antigen (anti-HBs10 mIU ml-1) were observed in 11 of 81 subjects receiving rhGM-CSF, but in none of the controls (P = 0.035). Injections were well tolerated. A single i.m. or s.c. injection of 20-40 micrograms of rhGM-CSF significantly enhances antibody responses when given at the same site as recombinant hepatitis B vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Tarr
- Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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