1
|
Ahmed U, Stadelmann T, Heid D, Würtz B, Pfannstiel J, Ochsenreither K, Eisele T. A novel, robust peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase from Trametes coccinea recombinantly expressed in Komagataella phaffii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:103. [PMID: 38229299 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A novel peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase (Tc-LysN) from Tramates coccinea was recombinantly expressed in Komagataella phaffii using the native pro-protein sequence. The peptidase was secreted into the culture broth as zymogen (~38 kDa) and mature enzyme (~19.8 kDa) simultaneously. The mature Tc-LysN was purified to homogeneity with a single step anion-exchange chromatography at pH 7.2. N-terminal sequencing using TMTpro Zero and mass spectrometry of the mature Tc-LysN indicated that the pro-peptide was cleaved between the amino acid positions 184 and 185 at the Kex2 cleavage site present in the native pro-protein sequence. The pH optimum of Tc-LysN was determined to be 5.0 while it maintained ≥60% activity between pH values 4.5-7.5 and ≥30% activity between pH values 8.5-10.0, indicating its broad applicability. The temperature maximum of Tc-LysN was determined to be 60 °C. After 18 h of incubation at 80 °C, Tc-LysN still retained ~20% activity. Organic solvents such as methanol and acetonitrile, at concentrations as high as 40% (v/v), were found to enhance Tc-LysN's activity up to ~100% and ~50%, respectively. Tc-LysN's thermostability, ability to withstand up to 8 M urea, tolerance to high concentrations of organic solvents, and an acidic pH optimum make it a viable candidate to be employed in proteomics workflows in which alkaline conditions might pose a challenge. The nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed bovine serum albumin (BSA)'s sequence coverage of 84% using Tc-LysN which was comparable to the sequence coverage of 90% by trypsin peptides. KEY POINTS: •A novel LysN from Trametes coccinea (Tc-LysN) was expressed in Komagataella phaffii and purified to homogeneity •Tc-LysN is thermostable, applicable over a broad pH range, and tolerates high concentrations of denaturants •Tc-LysN was successfully applied for protein digestion and mass spectrometry fingerprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Hochschule Offenburg, 77652, Offenburg, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Stadelmann
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Hochschule Offenburg, 77652, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heid
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Hochschule Offenburg, 77652, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Berit Würtz
- Mass Spectrometry Unit Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Mass Spectrometry Unit Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Eisele
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Hochschule Offenburg, 77652, Offenburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jaramillo-Underwood A, Impoinvil D, Sutcliff A, Hamre KES, Joseph V, van den Hoogen L, Lemoine JF, Ashton RA, Chang MA, Existe A, Boncy J, Drakeley C, Stresman G, Druetz T, Eisele T, Rogier E. Factors Associated With Human IgG Antibody Response to Anopheles albimanus Salivary Gland Extract, Artibonite Department, Haiti, 2017. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1461-1469. [PMID: 35711005 PMCID: PMC10982684 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological data can provide estimates of human exposure to both malaria vector and parasite based on antibody responses. A multiplex bead-based assay was developed to simultaneously detect IgG to Anopheles albimanus salivary gland extract (SGE) and 23 Plasmodium falciparum antigens among 4185 participants enrolled in Artibonite department, Haiti in 2017. Logistic regression adjusted for participant- and site-level covariates and found children under 5 years and 6-15 years old had 3.7- and 5.4-fold increase in odds, respectively, of high anti-SGE IgG compared to participants >15 years. Seropositivity to P. falciparum CSP, Rh2_2030, and SEA-1 antigens was significantly associated with high IgG response against SGE, and participant enrolment at elevations under 200 m was associated with higher anti-SGE IgG levels. The ability to approximate population exposure to malaria vectors through SGE serology data is very dependent by age categories, and SGE antigens can be easily integrated into a multiplex serological assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Jaramillo-Underwood
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Impoinvil
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alice Sutcliff
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen E. S. Hamre
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vena Joseph
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lotus van den Hoogen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Frantz Lemoine
- Programme National de Contrôle de la Malaria, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Ruth A. Ashton
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michelle A. Chang
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandre Existe
- Laboratorie National de Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Jacques Boncy
- Laboratorie National de Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Druetz
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Rogier
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed U, Pfannstiel J, Stressler T, Eisele T. Purification and characterization of a fungal aspartic peptidase from Trichoderma reesei and its application for food and animal feed protein hydrolyses. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5190-5199. [PMID: 35289936 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various neutral and alkaline peptidases are commercially available for use in protein hydrolysis under neutral to alkaline conditions. However, the hydrolysis of proteins under acidic conditions by applying fungal aspartic peptidases (FAPs) has not been investigated in depth so far. The aim of this study, thus, was to purify a FAP from the commercial enzyme preparation, ROHALASE® BXL, determine its biochemical characteristics, and investigate its application for the hydrolysis of food and animal feed proteins under acidic conditions. RESULTS A Trichoderma reesei derived FAP, with an apparent molecular mass of 45.8 kDa (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SDS-PAGE) was purified 13.8-fold with a yield of 37% from ROHALASE® BXL. The FAP was identified as an aspartate protease (UniProt ID: G0R8T0) by inhibition and nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS studies. The FAP showed the highest activity at 50°C and pH 4.0. Monovalent cations, organic solvents, and reducing agents were tolerated well by the FAP. The FAP underwent an apparent competitive product inhibition by soy protein hydrolysate and whey protein hydrolysate with apparent Ki -values of 1.75 and 30.2 mg*mL-1 , respectively. The FAP showed promising results in food (soy protein isolate and whey protein isolate) and animal feed protein hydrolyses. For the latter, an increase in the soluble protein content of 109% was noted after 30 min. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the applicability of fungal aspartic endopeptidases in the food and animal feed industry. Efficient protein hydrolysis of industrially relevant substrates such as acidic whey or animal feed proteins could be conducted by applying fungal aspartic peptidases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Hochschule Offenburg, Fakultät Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eisele
- Hochschule Offenburg, Fakultät Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik, Offenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ewert J, Eisele T, Stressler T. Enzymatic production and analysis of antioxidative protein hydrolysates. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Koita O, Doumbia S, Oberhelman R, Weller P, Keating J, Eisele T. Donald J. Krogstad, MD (1943–2020), Physician-Scientist, Malaria Researcher, and Mentor. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1748-1749. [PMID: 32918408 PMCID: PMC7543845 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ousmane Koita
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Richard Oberhelman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Peter Weller
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Keating
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Thomas Eisele
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee J, Durst RW, Wrolstad RE, Eisele T, Giusti MM, Hach� J, Hofsommer H, Koswig S, Krueger DA, Kupina; S, Martin SK, Martinsen BK, Miller TC, Paquette F, Ryabkova A, Skrede G, Trenn U, Wightman JD. Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanin Pigment Content of Fruit Juices, Beverages, Natural Colorants, and Wines by the pH Differential Method: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1362] [Impact Index Per Article: 272.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This collaborative study was conducted to determine the total monomeric anthocyanin concentration by the pH differential method, which is a rapid and simple spectrophotometric method based on the anthocyanin structural transformation that occurs with a change in pH (colored at pH 1.0 and colorless at pH 4.5). Eleven collaborators representing commercial laboratories, academic institutions, and government laboratories participated. Seven Youden pair materials representing fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines were tested. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) varied from 1.06 to 4.16%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 2.69 to 10.12%. The HorRat values were ≤1.33 for all materials. The Study Director recommends that the method be adopted Official First Action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area (PWA), Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory Worksite, 29603 University of Idaho Ln, Parma, ID 83660
| | - Robert W Durst
- Oregon State University, Department of Food Science and Technology, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Ronald E Wrolstad
- Oregon State University, Department of Food Science and Technology, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brause AR, Woollard DC, Indyk HE, Acar J, Adadevoh K, Cherix G, Durst B, Eisele T, Elkins E, Foos J, Hammack S, Hammond D, Hesford F, Hischenhuber C, Hong V, Huang CJ, Kirksey S, Kline L, Kruger D, Lawson MJ, Lea A, Martin G, Parkih A, Weiss J, Wilhelmsen E, Woodward B, Wrolstad R, Zygmunt L. Determination of Total Vitamin C in Fruit Juices and Related Products by Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A interlaboratory study was conducted to evaluate a liquid chromatographic (LC) procedure for the determination of total vitamin C in foods at levels of 5–60 mg/100 g. Emphasis was placed on fruit juices, although selected foods were also included in the study. Following dissolution of sample in water, endogenous dehydroascorbic acid was converted to ascorbic acid by precolumn reduction with dithiothreitol at neutral pH. Total ascorbate was determined by C18 reversed-phase LC with a phosphate eluent at pH 2.5, incorporating dithiothreitol to maintain vitamin C in the reduced form, and UV detection at 254 nm. Seven types of fruit juices and foods were tested by 19 collaborators in 7 countries. Three duplicate juices and foods met the criteria for Youden pairs and yielded repeatability relative standard deviation of 5.80–14.66%. Reproducibility relative standard deviation ranged from 6.36 to 35.54% (n = 10) with HORRAT values of 0.82–4.04. The LC method is suitable for routine use in fruit products and foods containing >5 mg/100 g vitamin C and is recommended for further validation by AOAC INTERNATIONAL and International Fruit Juice Union.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Brause
- Analytical Chemical Services of Columbia Inc., 9110 Red Branch Rd, Columbia, MD 21045
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Ewert J, Kranz B, Fischer L. Proving the synergistic effect of Alcalase, PepX and PepN during casein hydrolysis by complete degradation of the released opioid precursor peptide VYPFPGPIPN. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Do M, Micah A, Brondi L, Campbell H, Marchant T, Eisele T, Munos M. Linking household and facility data for better coverage measures in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health care: systematic review. J Glob Health 2016; 6:020501. [PMID: 27606060 PMCID: PMC5012234 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.06.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently many measures of intervention coverage obtained from household surveys do not measure actual health intervention/service delivery, resulting in a need for linking reports of care-seeking with assessments of the service environment in order to improve measurements. This systematic review aims to identify evidence of different methods used to link household surveys and service provision assessments, with a focus on reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health care, in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Using pre-defined search terms, articles published in peer-reviewed journals and the grey literature after 1990 were identified, their reference lists scanned and linking methods synthesized. FINDINGS A total of 59 articles and conference presentations were carefully reviewed and categorized into two groups based on the linking method used: 1) indirect/ecological linking that included studies in which health care-seeking behavior was linked to all or the nearest facilities or providers of certain types within a geographical area, and 2) direct linking/exact matching where individuals were linked with the exact provider or facility where they sought care. The former approach was employed in 51 of 59 included studies, and was particularly common among studies that were based on independent sources of household and facility data that were nationally representative. Only eight of the 59 reviewed studies employed direct linking methods, which were typically done at the sub-national level (eg, district level) and often in rural areas, where the number of providers was more limited compared to urban areas. CONCLUSIONS Different linking methods have been reported in the literature, each category has its own set of advantages and limitations, in terms of both methodology and practicality for scale-up. Future studies that link household and provider/facility data should also take into account factors such as sources of data, the timing of surveys, the temporality of data points, the type of services and interventions, and the scale of the study in order to produce valid and reliable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Do
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane, LA, USA
| | - Angela Micah
- Department of Global Health Management and Policy, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane, LA, USA
| | - Luciana Brondi
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Tanya Marchant
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Tropical Medicine, Tulane, LA, USA
| | - Melinda Munos
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stressler T, Ewert J, Eisele T, Fischer L. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of PepX and PepN – production, partial characterization and application of combi-CLEAs for milk protein hydrolysis. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Merz M, Eisele T, Claaßen W, Appel D, Rabe S, Stressler T, Fischer L. Continuous long-term hydrolysis of wheat gluten using a principally food-grade enzyme membrane reactor system. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Merz M, Eisele T, Berends P, Appel D, Rabe S, Blank I, Stressler T, Fischer L. Flavourzyme, an Enzyme Preparation with Industrial Relevance: Automated Nine-Step Purification and Partial Characterization of Eight Enzymes. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:5682-5693. [PMID: 25996918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavourzyme is sold as a peptidase preparation from Aspergillus oryzae. The enzyme preparation is widely and diversely used for protein hydrolysis in industrial and research applications. However, detailed information about the composition of this mixture is still missing due to the complexity. The present study identified eight key enzymes by mass spectrometry and partially by activity staining on native polyacrylamide gels or gel zymography. The eight enzymes identified were two aminopeptidases, two dipeptidyl peptidases, three endopeptidases, and one α-amylase from the A. oryzae strain ATCC 42149/RIB 40 (yellow koji mold). Various specific marker substrates for these Flavourzyme enzymes were ascertained. An automated, time-saving nine-step protocol for the purification of all eight enzymes within 7 h was designed. Finally, the purified Flavourzyme enzymes were biochemically characterized with regard to pH and temperature profiles and molecular sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Merz
- †Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Eisele
- †Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pieter Berends
- §Nestlé Product Technology Centre, Lange Strasse 21, D-78224 Singen, Germany
| | - Daniel Appel
- §Nestlé Product Technology Centre, Lange Strasse 21, D-78224 Singen, Germany
| | - Swen Rabe
- §Nestlé Product Technology Centre, Lange Strasse 21, D-78224 Singen, Germany
| | - Imre Blank
- §Nestlé Product Technology Centre, Lange Strasse 21, D-78224 Singen, Germany
| | - Timo Stressler
- †Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- †Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Baur C, Wangler J, Kuhn A, Fischer L. Extracellular peptidases from insect- and compost-associated microorganisms: screening and usage for wheat gluten hydrolysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Kleinthomä AK, Meyer S, Fischer L. Partial purification and characterization of Lys-N from Grifola frondosa using a novel, specific assay. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Kranz B, Fischer L. PepX from Lactobacillus helveticus: Automated multi-step purification and determination of kinetic parameters with original tripeptide substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Eisele T. Are investments in malaria control saving the lives of children? Challenges in using all-cause child mortality for measuring the impact of malaria control programs. Malar J 2014. [PMCID: PMC4179243 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-s1-o27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
17
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Schlayer M, Lutz-Wahl S, Fischer L. Characterization of the recombinant exopeptidases PepX and PepN from Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 12046 important for food protein hydrolysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70055. [PMID: 23894590 PMCID: PMC3716637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The proline-specific X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX; EC 3.4.14.11) and the general aminopeptidase N (PepN; EC 3.4.11.2) from Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 12046 were produced recombinantly in E. coli BL21(DE3) via bioreactor cultivation. The maximum enzymatic activity obtained for PepX was 800 µkat(H-Ala-Pro-pNA) L(-1), which is approx. 195-fold higher than values published previously. To the best of our knowledge, PepN was expressed in E. coli at high levels for the first time. The PepN activity reached 1,000 µkat(H-Ala-pNA) L(-1). After an automated chromatographic purification, both peptidases were biochemically and kinetically characterized in detail. Substrate inhibition of PepN and product inhibition of both PepX and PepN were discovered for the first time. An apo-enzyme of the Zn(2+)-dependent PepN was generated, which could be reactivated by several metal ions in the order of Co(2+)>Zn(2+)>Mn(2+)>Ca(2+)>Mg(2+). PepX and PepN exhibited a clear synergistic effect in casein hydrolysis studies. Here, the relative degree of hydrolysis (rDH) was increased by approx. 132%. Due to the remarkable temperature stability at 50°C and the complementary substrate specificities of both peptidases, a future application in food protein hydrolysis might be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stressler
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Eisele
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schlayer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Lutz-Wahl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Holder A, Birke A, Eisele T, Klaiber I, Fischer L, Hinrichs J. Selective isolation of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from micellar casein and β-casein hydrolysates via ultrafiltration. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Fischer L. Simultaneous monitoring of twelve angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides during enzymatic β-casein hydrolysis using Lactobacillus peptidases. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Böhmer N, Dautel A, Eisele T, Fischer L. Recombinant expression, purification and characterisation of the native glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus plantarum NC8. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 88:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Eisele T, Stressler T, Kranz B, Fischer L. Bioactive peptides generated in an enzyme membrane reactor using Bacillus lentus alkaline peptidase. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Stressler T, Eisele T, Rost J, Haunschild EM, Kuhn A, Fischer L. Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids byMortierella alpinaUsing Submerse and Solid State Fermentation. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Mason JB, Ramirez MA, Fernandez CM, Pedro R, Lloren T, Saldanha L, Deitchler M, Eisele T. Effects on vitamin A deficiency in children of periodic high-dose supplements and of fortified oil promotion in a deficient area of the Philippines. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2012; 81:295-305. [PMID: 22419200 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regular semi-annual distribution of high-dose (200,000 IU) vitamin A capsules (VACs) to children 1 - 5 years of age (previously identified as underweight), in Leyte Province, the Philippines, was compared to providing extra VACs to give three-monthly dosing, and to vitamin A-fortified cooking oil (VAFO) promotion (with continued VACs every 6 months). Serum retinol (SR) was measured at baseline and after 12 or 18 months (for VAFO). No sustained increase in SR was determined from the three-month VAC dosing regimen, and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) as assessed by SR (< 20 mcg / dL) remained around 30 % (in line with national survey estimates over the previous 15 years). The major difference found was that 18 months of VAFO (of which 9 months had sustained promotion) was associated with reducing the prevalence of VAD to < 10 %. The effective fortification and lack of effect of semi-annual VAC results are in line with previous studies; testing with dosing of VAC every three months is a new intervention. The results imply that promotion of fortified oil would reduce VAD in these conditions; whether it can replace or needs to be added to semi-annual VAC dosing remains to be determined. A phased changeover to reliance on fortified commodities (including oil) with careful monitoring of VAD trends is indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B Mason
- Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, Jha P, Campbell H, Walker CF, Cibulskis R, Eisele T, Liu L, Mathers C. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010; 375:1969-87. [PMID: 20466419 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1831] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-to-date information on the causes of child deaths is crucial to guide global efforts to improve child survival. We report new estimates for 2008 of the major causes of death in children younger than 5 years. METHODS We used multicause proportionate mortality models to estimate deaths in neonates aged 0-27 days and children aged 1-59 months, and selected single-cause disease models and analysis of vital registration data when available to estimate causes of child deaths. New data from China and India permitted national data to be used for these countries instead of predictions based on global statistical models, as was done previously. We estimated proportional causes of death for 193 countries, and by application of these proportions to the country-specific mortality rates in children younger than 5 years and birth rates, the numbers of deaths by cause were calculated for countries, regions, and the world. FINDINGS Of the estimated 8.795 million deaths in children younger than 5 years worldwide in 2008, infectious diseases caused 68% (5.970 million), with the largest percentages due to pneumonia (18%, 1.575 million, uncertainty range [UR] 1.046 million-1.874 million), diarrhoea (15%, 1.336 million, 0.822 million-2.004 million), and malaria (8%, 0.732 million, 0.601 million-0.851 million). 41% (3.575 million) of deaths occurred in neonates, and the most important single causes were preterm birth complications (12%, 1.033 million, UR 0.717 million-1.216 million), birth asphyxia (9%, 0.814 million, 0.563 million-0.997 million), sepsis (6%, 0.521 million, 0.356 million-0.735 million), and pneumonia (4%, 0.386 million, 0.264 million-0.545 million). 49% (4.294 million) of child deaths occurred in five countries: India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, and China. INTERPRETATION These country-specific estimates of the major causes of child deaths should help to focus national programmes and donor assistance. Achievement of Millennium Development Goal 4, to reduce child mortality by two-thirds, is only possible if the high numbers of deaths are addressed by maternal, newborn, and child health interventions. FUNDING WHO, UNICEF, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laws SM, Eckart K, Friedrich P, Eisele T, Kurz A, Förstl H, Riemenschneider M. No association of lipase C polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 31:2192-3. [PMID: 19155102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic lipase, also known as hepatic triglyceride lipase (LIPC), much like the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), apolipoprotein E (APOE), is associated with altered lipid metabolism. As such this link makes LIPC a potential functional candidate for AD risk. Previously, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been investigated in AD with a lack of association reported. To rule out a possible contribution of other variants in LIPC, located at 15q21-q23, we used a detailed fine mapping approach in a German case-control sample. Genotyping of 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the complete LIPC gene and haplotypic analysis revealed no association with AD. Thus, we conclude that LIPC can be excluded as a major functional candidate gene conferring risk to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Laws
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, TU-München, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Duerr-Auster N, Eisele T, Wepf R, Gunde R, Windhab E. Influence of pH on colloidal properties and surface activity of polyglycerol fatty acid ester vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 327:446-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Laws SM, Friedrich P, Diehl-Schmid J, Müller J, Eisele T, Bäuml J, Förstl H, Kurz A, Riemenschneider M. Fine mapping of the MAPT locus using quantitative trait analysis identifies possible causal variants in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:510-7. [PMID: 17179995 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, suggesting a clear involvement of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in AD. Recent findings, suggesting that the H1c haplotype is associated with increased risk, now also implicate MAPT genetically. In this study, we aim to clarify this association by a fine mapping approach using both a traditional phenotypic association analysis and a quantitative trait (QT) analysis using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau protein levels in the German population. Here, we report that both methodologies identify that the H1c haplotype may play important role in AD (AD risk, P=0.007, uncorrected; CSF tau levels, P=0.027, uncorrected). Further, the use of a sliding window approach in the QT analysis allowed for the narrowing down of the region where a probable causal variant may be located. The data suggest that this may lie at or within close proximity to the rs242557 single nucleotide polymorphism as association with CSF tau levels seems to be primarily driven by rs242557 in a gene dosage-dependent manner (trend model: P=0.002, uncorrected). These findings provide functional evidence to support the genetic association of MAPT with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Laws
- Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Laws SM, Friedrich P, Diehl-Schmid J, Müller J, Ibach B, Bäuml J, Eisele T, Förstl H, Kurz A, Riemenschneider M. Genetic analysis of MAPT haplotype diversity in frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 29:1276-8. [PMID: 17386961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The H1 haplotype of the tau gene, MAPT, has been linked to the sporadic tauopathies corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy; however, there have been inconsistent findings regarding association with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigated MAPT haplotype diversity, in 171 sporadic FTD and 186 healthy controls individuals, and report no single marker or haplotype association with increased risk or changes in age at onset. These findings do not support an association of MAPT with FTD but do not rule out its association with other tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Laws
- Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München (TU-München), Ismaningerstr. 22, D-81675 München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marquez-Klaka B, Rettinger J, Bhargava Y, Eisele T, Nicke A. Identification of an intersubunit cross-link between substituted cysteine residues located in the putative ATP binding site of the P2X1 receptor. J Neurosci 2007; 27:1456-66. [PMID: 17287520 PMCID: PMC6673578 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3105-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are ATP-gated nonselective cation channels. Functional receptors are assembled as homotrimers or heterotrimers of seven cloned subunits. Each subunit contains two transmembrane domains linked by a large extracellular loop that is required for agonist binding. So far, there is no direct evidence indicating whether the agonist binding site is formed within one subunit or at the interface of two neighboring subunits. Here we used a disulfide cross-linking approach to identify pairs of residues that are in close proximity within the ATP binding site of the P2X1 homotrimer. Eight amino acid residues that have previously been shown to be essential for high ATP potency (K68, K70, F185, K190, F291, R292, R305, and K309) were substituted by cysteine residues, and the respective mutant subunits were pairwise expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Nonreducing SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified receptors revealed a spontaneous and specific dimer formation between the K68C and F291C mutants. An almost complete cross-link into trimers was achieved with the K68C/F291C double mutant, consistent with the formation of intersubunit disulfide bridges. In support of this interpretation, two-electrode voltage-clamp analysis of the K68C/F291C mutations introduced into a nondesensitizing P2X(2-1) chimera showed only small ATP-activated currents that, however, increased approximately 60-fold after extracellular application of the reducing agent dithiothreitol. In addition, we show that a K68C/K309C double mutant is nonfunctional and can be functionally rescued by coexpression with nonmutated subunits. Our data are consistent with loops from neighboring P2X subunits forming the ATP-binding site in P2X receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Marquez-Klaka
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rettinger
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Yogesh Bhargava
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Thomas Eisele
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Rohner AG, a medium-sized Swiss company, has moved from toll manufacturing of building blocks and starting materials to the custom manufacturing of intermediates and APIs for the life science industry. Therefore, Rohner AG has expanded its technology portfolio to new technologies such
as transition metal catalysis. Examples for asymmetric hydrogenation, Suzuki coupling and carbonylation are provided. In addition, the necessary changes in equipment and project management are presented and discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Riemenschneider M, Mahmoodzadeh S, Eisele T, Klopp N, Schwarz S, Wagenpfeil S, Diehl J, Mueller U, Foerstl H, Illig T, Kurz A. Association analysis of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism located within the linkage region on chromosome 10 and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004; 25:1305-8. [PMID: 15465627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2003] [Revised: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies identified a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) among subjects with elevated cholesterol levels. This association may be caused by a modulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in response to the cellular cholesterol content. High cholesterol levels may favor the amyloidogenic pathway by inhibition of the alpha-secretase probably leading to elevated beta-Amyloid (Abeta) production. The identification of a linkage peak on chromosome 10q using high Abeta as quantitative trait led us to examine polymorphisms of genes located on chromosome 10 involved in cholesterol metabolism, like Lipase A (LIPA), Cholesterol 25 hydroxylase (CH25H), and FLJ22476, a high density lipoprotein binding related protein. Using 286 patients with AD and 162 controls we analyzed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within LIPA, CH25H, and FLJ22476. None of the polymorphisms showed significant association with AD which contradicts recent findings on CH25H. From our results we conclude that the investigated genetic variations do not contribute to the genetic risk of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Riemenschneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Laboratory, TU-München Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schwarz S, Eisele T, Diehl J, Müller U, Förstl H, Kurz A, Riemenschneider M. Lack of association between a single nucleotide polymorphism within the choline acetyltransferase gene and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2003; 343:167-70. [PMID: 12770689 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the cholinergic system may account for typical clinical and pathophysiological disturbances of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, a marked decline of choline acetyltransferase activity (CHAT) and as a consequence of acetylcholine during the course of the disease has been described. Due to the chromosomal localization of CHAT at 10q11.23 and its possible role in the pathophysiology of AD, CHAT may represent an appropriate candidate gene conferring risk to AD. In fact, a recent study identified a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the first common exon of CHAT, which was associated with AD giving an odds ratio of 3.8 (Neurosci. Lett. 333 (2002) 9). Because of the potential importance of this finding we analyzed this SNP and another functional SNP within exon 9 (rs868749) of the CHAT gene using a German case control sample consisting of 242 patients with AD and 143 cognitively healthy controls. No statistically significant differences were obtained for the previously described polymorphism. In addition, the exon 9 SNP (rs868749) was not polymorphic in the studied population. We conclude that the previously identified polymorphism is not associated with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schwarz
- Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Albrecht M, Zauner J, Eisele T, Weis P. The Synthesis of Catechol and8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives with Short Peptide-Type Side Chains:Metal Complex Ligands with Additional Receptor Properties. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
Fischer C, Page S, Weber M, Eisele T, Neumeier D, Brand K. Differential effects of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor on monocytic IkappaB kinase signalsome activation and IkappaB proteolysis. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:24625-32. [PMID: 10455128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.35.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are potent activators of NF-kappaB. This study compared the effect of these stimuli on endogenous IkappaB kinase (IKK) signalsome activation and IkappaB phosphorylation/proteolysis in human monocytic cells and investigated the role of the signalsome proteins IKK-alpha, IKK-beta, NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), IKK-gamma (NF-kappaB essential modulator), and IKK complex-associated protein. Kinase assays showed that TNF elicited a rapid but short-lived induction of IKK activity with a 3-fold greater effect on IKK-alpha than on IKK-beta, peaking at 5 min. In contrast, LPS predominantly stimulated IKK-beta activity, which slowly increased, peaking at 30 min. A second peak was observed at a later time point following LPS stimulation, which consisted of both IKK-alpha and -beta activity. The endogenous levels of the signalsome components were unaffected by stimulation. Furthermore, our studies showed association of the IKK-alpha/beta heterodimer with NIK, IkappaB-alpha and -epsilon in unstimulated cells. Exposure to LPS or TNF led to differential patterns of IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-epsilon disappearance from and reassembly with the signalsome, whereas IKK-alpha, IKK-beta, and NIK remained complex-associated. NIK cannot phosphorylate IkappaB-alpha directly, but it appears to be a functionally important subunit, because mutated NIK inhibited stimulus-induced kappaB-dependent transcription more effectively than mutated IKK-alpha or -beta. Overexpression of IKK complex-associated protein inhibited stimulus-mediated transcription, whereas NF-kappaB essential modulator enhanced it. The understanding of LPS- and TNF-induced signaling may allow the development of specific strategies to treat sepsis-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikumrechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bell SA, Page S, Baumgartner B, Berking C, Haas M, Eisele T, Neumeier D, Brand K. Involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB in a murine model for the acute form of autoimmune-like toxic oil syndrome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 157:213-21. [PMID: 10373405 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The toxic oil syndrome (TOS) represents an exogenously induced autoimmune disease with acute or chronic symptoms similar to systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma. When genetically different mouse strains were exposed to oleic acid anilide (OAA), it was possible to mimic the different syndrome manifestations. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors in the development of the severe acute wasting disease observed in A/J mice. Within a week of OAA exposure, the A/J, but not B10.S strain, displayed weight loss, cachexia, apathy, reduced activity, and breathing difficulties. In affected A/J mice we observed a marked increase in NF-kappaB activation (p50/p65 dimers) both in splenic T cells and peritoneal macrophages as well as in tissue from aorta and gut. Incubation of splenocytes with OAA in vitro induced a dose-dependent removal of IkappaB-alpha, accompanied by NF-kappaB activation, whereas Sp-1 binding was not affected. Furthermore, we demonstrated the increased expression of the two NF-kappaB target genes IL-6 and IL-1beta in OAA-exposed mice and a transient OAA-induced accumulation of TNFalpha in vitro. This is the first report which implicates NF-kappaB/Rel in acute forms of chemically induced autoimmune-like disease and may serve as a paradigm for the involvement of this transcriptional system in acute processes associated with autoimmunity, suggesting possible avenues of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Bell
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80337, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The synthesis of heptyl (alpha-L-fucopyransoyl)-(1-->4)-S-[(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1--> 3)] -1,4-dithio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), as thio-linked Lewis A analogue was based on thexyldimethylsilyl 3-O-allyl-2-O-benzoyl-6-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosid e (15) which was readily obtained from D-galactose. Reaction of 15 with O-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (8) as fucosyl donor afforded the alpha-(1-->4)-thio-linked disaccharide. Replacement of the 4-methoxybenzyl groups by acetyl groups and removal of the 3a-O-allyl group afforded as 3a-O-unprotected acceptor thexyldimethylsilyl (2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)-S-6-O-acetyl-2-O-benz oyl -4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19), which gave with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate as galactosyl donor (20) the trisaccharide. Transformation into a trichloroacetimidate as glycosyl donor, glycosylation of heptylmercaptan, and then removal of the O-acyl protective groups afforded target molecule 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Eisele
- Fakultät Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brand K, Eisele T, Kreusel U, Page M, Page S, Haas M, Gerling A, Kaltschmidt C, Neumann FJ, Mackman N, Baeurele PA, Walli AK, Neumeier D. Dysregulation of monocytic nuclear factor-kappa B by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:1901-9. [PMID: 9351352 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.10.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)/Rel transcription factors may be involved in atherosclerosis, as is suggested by the presence of activated NF-kappa B in human atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on the NF-kappa B system in human THP-1 monocytic cells as well as adherent monocytes. Our results demonstrate that short-term incubation of these cells with oxLDL activated p50/p65 containing NF-kappa B dimers and induced the expression of the target gene IL-8. This activation of NF-kappa B was inhibited by the antioxidant and H2O2 scavenger pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and the proteasome inhibitor PSI. The oxLDL-induced NF-kappa B activation was accompanied by an initial depletion of I kappa B-alpha followed by a slight transient increase in the level of this inhibitor protein. In contrast, long-term treatment with oxLDL prevented the lipopolysaccharide-induced depletion of I kappa B-alpha, accompanied by an inhibition of both NF-kappa B activation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta genes. These observations provide additional evidence that oxLDL is a potent modulator of gene expression and suggest that (dys)regulation of NF-kappa B/Rel is likely to play an important role in atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Geyer A, Hummel G, Eisele T, Reinhardt S, Schmidt RR. Structural Motifs of the Dimeric Lewis Glycolipids as Determined by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Klein HM, Eisele T, Klose KC, Stauss I, Brenner M, Ameling W, Günther RW. Pattern recognition system for focal liver lesions using "crisp" and "fuzzy" classifiers. Invest Radiol 1996; 31:6-10. [PMID: 8850359 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199601000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic performance of an artificial intelligence system for classification of focal liver lesions, in comparison to human observers. METHODS One hundred forty-three focal hepatic lesions were evaluated with dynamic computed tomography. The study comprised 59 hemangiomas, 24 other benign lesions (focal nodular hyperplasia, adenoma), and 60 malignant liver lesions (18 primary, 42 secondary). All lesions but the hemangiomas were histologically examined by needle biopsy. For delineation of the lesion, a region of interest was defined interactively. The pattern recognition was performed in two steps with initial extraction of textural features: training of a classifier and classification of the lesions. The accuracy of classification of hepatic lesions into three groups (hemangioma, other benign processes, malignant lesions) was tested. The results were compared with those achieved by human observers using receiver operating characteristic statistical analysis. RESULTS The accuracy (total rate of correct diagnoses) was 90.2%. False classifications were found owing to small size, weak contrast enhancement after bolus injection, respiratory movement, and atypical morphology of the lesion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was not significantly different for computer and human observers. CONCLUSIONS The system demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy comparable to human observers. Further improvement with increasing numbers of typical computed tomographic series for training of the classifier can be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Klein
- Diagnostic Radiology, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Klein HM, Klose KC, Eisele T, Brenner M, Ameling W, Günther RW. [The diagnosis of focal liver lesions by the texture analysis of dynamic computed tomograms]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1993; 159:10-5. [PMID: 8334247 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1032713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of focal liver lesions on computed tomography (CT) depends on correct interpretation of morphology and dynamic changes during bolus injection of contrast medium. The aim of this study was to develop a texture analysis concept for computer based interpretation of dynamic CT images. 148 focal liver lesions were investigated by serial CT. The study comprised 61 haemangiomas, 25 other benign lesions (FNH/adenomas) and 62 malignant lesions (primary or secondary). FNH, adenomas and malignant lesions were histologically proven. Diameter was 8-145 mm (mean 31 mm). Regions of interest were interactively defined. After extraction of characteristic textural features, a pattern classifier was trained. All CT series were evaluated using the "leaving-one-out" method. 134 of the 148 lesions were correctly classified (positive predictive value 0.9). Sensitivity for the presence of malignancy was 0.93 (80/86), specificity was 0.9 (56/62). False classification of a lesion was found to depend strongly on the quality of the examination (bolus intensity, positional change of the lesion due to respiratory movements).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Klein
- Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik, RWTH Aachen
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Eisele T, Klose KC, Ameling W, Günther RW. Die Verwendung von Fuzzy-Klassifikationsverfahren für die Diagnostik fokaler Leberläsionen. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1992. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1992.37.s2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
This study of the governing board of a Health Systems Agency tends to support those who argue that a numerical majority of consumers does not guarantee consumer control of the decision-making process. Empirical support stems from the fact that consumers, relative to providers, appeared to be at a decided disadvantage in three areas: 1. Consumers see themselves as experiencing greater communication problems. 2. Consumers are more likely to perceive their knowledge as being inadequate. 3. Consumers are more likely to feel intimidated by other governing board members. The consumers' disadvantages in these three areas likely diminish the amount of influence they hold. Indeed, both provider and consumer board members felt consumers held less than one-fourth of the influence on the governing board. Although consumers wanted more influence they did not desire majority control. Staff was seen as exerting most of the influence within the HSA.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bailey G, Taylor M, Selivonchick D, Eisele T, Hendricks J, Nixon J, Pawlowski N, Sinnhuber R. Mechanisms of dietary modification of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis. Basic Life Sci 1982; 21:149-65. [PMID: 6816211 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4352-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trout were fed a range of dietary components which altered their carcinogenic response to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Dietary protein at levels substantially exceeding nutritional requirements were synergistic with AFB1. Cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFA) were carcinogenic when fed alone at 20 or 55 ppm, and synergistic when fed with AFB1. In contrast, several flavonoid and indole compounds, especially beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and indole-3-carbinol, inhibited the carcinogenic response when fed prior to and along with AFB1. The mechanisms by which some of these dietary factors modulate AFB1 carcinogenesis were investigated. Dietary beta-naphthoflavone was shown to substantially induce the levels of mixed function oxidase (MFO) activities assayed in vitro. These changes were accompanied by alterations in AFB1 metabolism and binding in freshly isolated hepatocytes. AFB1 incubated in hepatocytes freshly isolated from fish fed beta-NF diet was metabolized more rapidly, showed enhanced rates of detoxication reactions, and decreased accumulation of AFB1-DNA adducts compared to control hepatocytes. These results suggest that beta-NF inhibits AFB1 carcinogenesis at least in part by altering MFO activities such that detoxication is enhanced and initial DNA damage by AFB1 is reduced. In contrast, high dietary protein is a synergist for AFB1 carcinogenesis, and this appears to occur primarily by enhancing the transformation probability for AFB1-initiated genome damage. Fish treated with AFB1 as embryos and then reared on high protein diets had substantially higher incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma (86%) than similarly treated fish fed normal protein diet (44%) or high protein controls without AFB1 exposure (0-2%). The synergistic behavior of dietary CPFAs also appears to partially involve enhanced transformation following DNA damage by AFB1. Fish exposed as embryos to AFB1 and then fed CPFA-containing diets are known to show promotion effects similar to the high protein results (Hendricks, J.D., Proc. 11th Int. Symp. of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, in press.) However, factors other than promotion are involved in the synergism between CPFA and AFB1. Preliminary studies indicate that dietary CPFAs repress MFO activities and depress DNA damage by AFB1 in vitro. If this occurs in vivo, then the net synergistic effect of dietary CPFAs would involve depression of initial AFB1-induced DNA damage, but highly efficient promotion of transformation from the remaining lesions.
Collapse
|