1
|
Schaefer J, Staufenbiel T. Workers' Sensation Seeking Matters: Development and Validation of the Need for Sensations at Work Scale (NSWS). J Pers Assess 2023; 105:610-624. [PMID: 36227578 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2130340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although sensation seeking (SS) may be a highly relevant trait in the occupational context, it is still understudied in the field of work and organizational psychology. Probably, one reason is the lack of an appropriate SS instrument for the work context. We therefore developed a scale that measures work-related SS. Results based on a sample of 304 workers provided evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument. In an independent sample of 271 workers, confirmatory factor analyses supported a bifactor structure with a global SS factor and three specific domain factors (tension seeking, adrenaline seeking, and heartbeat increase seeking). Based on bifactor indices, essential unidimensionality of the instrument could be assumed. Work-related SS was positively associated with increasing challenging job demands, and a moderating effect of task variety on the relationship between work-related SS and job satisfaction was found. SS was not associated with the number of past job terminations. Overall, the findings indicate that SS may be relevant with regard to workers' proactive work behaviors and job attitudes. The Need for Sensations at Work Scale (NSWS) now provides a promising measurement instrument to further investigate SS in the work context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schaefer
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hartmann AS, Schmidt M, Staufenbiel T, Ebert DD, Martin A, Schoenenberg K. ImaginYouth-A Therapist-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Study Protocol for a Two-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:682965. [PMID: 34113273 PMCID: PMC8185230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common mental disorder in adolescents and young adults, and is characterized by severe negative psychosocial consequences and high comorbidity as well as high mortality rates, mainly due to suicides. While patients in Germany have health insurance-financed access to evidence-based outpatient treatments, that is, cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), waiting lists are long. Furthermore, patients with BDD report diverse treatment barriers, primarily feelings of shame and the belief that they would be better off with treatments that would alter the perceived flaw(s). Given adolescents' and young adults' high affinity to electronic media, the accessibility of evidence-based care for this severe mental disorder could be improved by providing an internet-based therapist-guided CBT intervention. Methods: In a two-arm randomized controlled trial (N = 40), adolescents and young adults (15-21 years) with a primary diagnosis of BDD based on a semi-structured clinical expert interview will be randomly allocated to an internet-based therapist-guided CBT intervention or a supportive internet-based therapy intervention. Assessments will take place at baseline, after mid-intervention (after 6 weeks), post-intervention, and at 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome is expert-rated BDD symptom severity at the primary endpoint post-intervention. Secondary outcomes include responder and remission rates based on expert rating, self-reported BDD symptoms, and psychosocial variables associated with BDD. Interventions: The CBT-based intervention consists of six modules each comprising one to three sessions, which focus on psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, work on self-esteem, exposure and ritual prevention, mirror retraining, and relapse prevention. A study therapist provides feedback after each session. The supportive therapy intervention consists of access to psychoeducational materials for the same 12-week period and at least one weekly supportive interaction with the study therapist. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine the feasibility and efficacy of an internet-based therapist-guided CBT intervention in adolescents and young adults with BDD. It could be an important first step to increase accessibility of care in this age group and for this severe and debilitating mental disorder. Clinical Trial Registration: German Register of Clinical Studies, DRKS00022055.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Hartmann
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michaela Schmidt
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Staufenbiel
- Institute of Psychology, Research Methods, Diagnostics and Evaluation, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Martin
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katrin Schoenenberg
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hartmann AS, Staufenbiel T, Bielefeld L, Buhlmann U, Heinrichs N, Martin A, Ritter V, Kollei I, Grocholewski A. An empirically derived recommendation for the classification of body dysmorphic disorder: Findings from structural equation modeling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233153. [PMID: 32492037 PMCID: PMC7269265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), together with its subtype muscle dysmorphia (MD), has been relocated from the Somatoform Disorders category in the DSM-IV to the newly created Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders category in the DSM-5. Both categorizations have been criticized, and an empirically derived classification of BDD is lacking. A community sample of N = 736 participants completed an online survey assessing different psychopathologies. Using a structural equation modeling approach, six theoretically derived models, which differed in their allocation of BDD symptoms to various factors (i.e. general psychopathology, somatoform, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, affective, body image, and BDD model) were tested in the full sample and in a restricted sample (n = 465) which indicated primary concerns other than shape and weight. Furthermore, measurement invariance across gender was examined. Of the six models, only the body image model showed a good fit (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMR = 0.027, TLI = 0.959), and yielded better AIC and BIC indices than the competing models. Analyses in the restricted sample replicated these findings. Analyses of measurement invariance of the body image model showed partial metric invariance across gender. The findings suggest that a body image model provides the best fit for the classification of BDD and MD. This is in line with previous studies showing strong similarities between eating disorders and BDD, including MD. Measurement invariance across gender indicates a comparable presentation and comorbid structure of BDD in males and females, which also corresponds to the equal prevalence rates of BDD across gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lukas Bielefeld
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ulrike Buhlmann
- Institute of Psychology, Münster University, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Martin
- Institute of Psychology, Wuppertal University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Viktoria Ritter
- Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ines Kollei
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Anja Grocholewski
- Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Abstract. Two laboratory studies examined the potential differences in the susceptibility to faking between a construct-oriented Situational Judgment Test (SJT) that measured conscientiousness and a traditional self-report measure of personality (NEO-FFI). In both studies, the mean differences between the honest and faked conscientiousness scores indicated that the NEO-FFI was more susceptible to faking than the SJT. In Study 1, we applied a within-subjects design ( N = 137) and analyzed these differences in light of selected predictor variables derived from models of faking behavior. As a result, faking on the SJT was explained by cognitive ability alone, whereas faking on the NEO-FFI was also dependent on other personality traits that are associated with the ability to fake. In Study 2 ( N = 602), the susceptibility to faking was predicted by differences in faking styles. The results of the mixed Rasch model analyses indicated profound differences in the measures in terms of the way the response scale was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kasten
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is a popular measure of psychological distress. Despite its widespread use, an ongoing controversy pertains to its internal structure. Although the GHQ-12 was originally constructed to capture a unitary construct, empirical studies identified different factor structures. Therefore, this study examined the dimensionality of the GHQ-12 in two independent meta-analyses. The first meta-analysis used summary data published in 38 primary studies (total N = 76,473). Meta-analytic exploratory factor analyses identified two factors formed by negatively and positively worded items. The second meta-analysis included individual responses of 410,640 participants from 84 independent samples. Meta-analytic confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the two-dimensional structure of the GHQ-12. However, bifactor modelling showed that most of the variance was explained by a general factor. Therefore, subscale scores reflected rather limited unique variance. Overall, the two meta-analyses demonstrated that the GHQ-12 is essentially unidimensional. It is not recommended to use and interpret subscale scores because they primarily reflect general mental health rather than distinct constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gnambs
- a Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories , Bamberg , Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gnambs T, Staufenbiel T. Parameter accuracy in meta-analyses of factor structures. Res Synth Methods 2016; 7:168-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gnambs
- Scaling and Test Design; Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories; Bamberg Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Trotz des breiten Einsatzes von Bewertungen von Lehrveranstaltungen durch Studierende wird die Validität dieser Urteile immer wieder in Frage gestellt. Insbesondere wird befürchtet, dass die Urteile dadurch verzerrt sind, dass sie durch Variablen beeinflusst werden, die nicht mit der Qualität der Lehrveranstaltung zusammenhängen. Auf der Basis eines Datensatzes mit studentischen Bewertungen von 2 898 Lehrveranstaltungen wurde der Einfluss von 10 potentiellen Biasvariablen mittels Mehrebenenanalysen untersucht. Die Variablen sind dabei auf der Ebene der Studierenden (Geschlecht, Vorab-Interesse, Rahmenbedingungen, Fehlzeiten), der Veranstaltungen (Veranstaltungsgröße, Schwund, Pflichtcharakter) und der Lehrenden (Geschlecht, Status, Lehrerfahrung) lokalisiert. Fast alle der Einflussgrößen auf den ersten beiden Ebenen sowie eine Cross-Level Interaktion der Geschlechtsvariablen sind statistisch signifikante Prädiktoren der Studierendenurteile. Mit Ausnahme des Vorab-Interesses und der Rahmenbedingungen sind diese Beziehungen aber nur schwach. Zudem ist meist schwierig zu entscheiden, ob es sich bei den Einflüssen tatsächlich um verzerrende Faktoren handelt.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kröger U, Staufenbiel T. Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von „Adaptive Performance“. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2012. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gegenstand ist die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Adaptive Performance (AP). AP wird definiert als ein Verhalten, mit dem auf eine veränderte Arbeitssituation reagiert wird und das funktional für die Erreichung der Unternehmensziele ist. Hypothesenkonform zeigt sich sowohl bei Vorgesetztenbeurteilungen als auch bei Selbsteinschätzungen eine zweidimensionale Struktur des neu entwickelten Instruments, bei der zwischen einer aufgabenbezogenen und einer sozialen Form von Adaptivität unterschieden wird. In zwei Studien wird gezeigt, dass sich AP empirisch von der Aufgabenleistung (in-role performance) abgrenzen lässt und dass AP eine spezifische Rolle bei der globalen Bewertung der Leistung von Mitarbeitern durch Vorgesetzte spielt. Im Rahmen weiterer Validierungen zeigen sich ferner positive Zusammenhänge mit den Traits Flexibilität und Kontaktfähigkeit, wobei erwartungsgemäß Flexibilität höher mit der aufgabenbezogenen und Kontaktfähigkeit höher mit der sozialen AP korreliert.
Collapse
|
9
|
Staufenbiel T, König CJ. A model for the effects of job insecurity on performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1348/096317908x401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Martin A, Staufenbiel T, Gaab J, Rief W, Brähler E. Messung chronischer Erschöpfung – Teststatistische Prüfung der Fatigue Skala (FS). Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 2010. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martin
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapieforschung
| | - Thomas Staufenbiel
- Universität Osnabrück, Institut für Psychologie, Evaluation und Forschungsmethodik
| | - Jens Gaab
- Universität Zürich, Psychologisches Institut, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
| | - Winfried Rief
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Keller H, Borke J, Staufenbiel T, Yovsi RD, Abels M, Papaligoura Z, Jensen H, Lohaus A, Chaudhary N, Lo W, Su Y. Distal and proximal parenting as alternative parenting strategies during infants’ early months of life: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025409338441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cultures differ with respect to parenting strategies already during infancy. Distal parenting, i.e., face-to-face context and object stimulation, is prevalent in urban educated middle-class families of Western cultures; proximal parenting, i.e., body contact and body stimulation, is prevalent in rural, low-educated farmer families. Parents from urban educated families in cultures with a more interdependent history use both strategies. Besides these cultural preferences, little is known about the relations between these styles as well as the behavioural systems constituting them. In this study therefore, the relations between the styles and the constituting behaviours were analysed in samples that differ with respect to their preferences of distal and proximal parenting. The hypothesized differences between the samples and the negative relationship between distal and proximal parenting, as well as between the respective behavioural systems can clearly be demonstrated. Furthermore, the impact of the sociodemographic variables with respect to the parenting strategies can be shown. Results were discussed as supporting two alternative parenting strategies that serve different socialization goals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Volmer J, Staufenbiel T. Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Interviews zur internationalen Personalauswahl. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2006. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089.50.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Durch die zunehmende Globalisierung der Märkte steigt der Bedarf an adäquaten Auswahlinstrumenten für die internationale Personalauswahl. Ein Scheitern der Auslandsentsendung ist oftmals mit hohen materiellen und immateriellen Kosten verbunden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein strukturiertes Auswahlinterview für den Auslandseinsatz entwickelt und erprobt. Das Interview wurde an einer Stichprobe deutscher Trainees (N = 66) validiert, die für die Dauer von 3 bis 7 Monaten ein Praktikum in den USA absolvierten. Es zeigen sich positive Zusammenhänge der Beurteilung im Interview sowohl mit Selbst- als auch mit Vorgesetzteneinschätzungen der Leistung im Praktikum. Darüber hinaus weist das Interview auch inkrementelle Validität auf, die sich darin zeigt, dass Varianz in beiden Leistungskriterien erklärt wird, die die Prädiktoren Alter, Geschlecht, Ausbildungserfolg und die bisherige Auslandserfahrung nicht erfassen.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Drei neu entwickelte, fächerübergreifend einsetzbare Fragebogen zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation von Vorlesungen (FEVOR), Seminaren (FESEM) und Praktika (FEPRA) aus der Perspektive von Studierenden und Lehrenden werden vorgestellt. Untersuchungen in zwei Stichproben stützen die Faktorenstruktur der drei Instrumente und zeigen im Sinne der konvergenten Validität, daß Studierendenurteile und Selbsteinschätzungen der Lehrenden positiv zusammenhängen. Bereitgestellte Normen für die Fragebogen FEVOR und FESEM ermöglichen eine Einordnung von Evaluationsergebnissen.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Gegenstand ist die Konstruktion und Validierung eines deutschsprachigen Fragebogens zur Erfassung des Konstrukts Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). OCB bezeichnet nach Organ (1988) Verhalten, das zur Produktivität einer Organisation beiträgt, dessen Ausführung aber, da formal nicht vorgeschrieben, im Ermessen der Mitarbeiter liegt. Ein in Anlehnung an amerikanische Erhebungsinstrumente entwickelter Fragebogen bestätigt eine Differenzierung in die OCB-Subskalen Hilfsbereitschaft, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Unkompliziertheit und Eigeninitiative. Lediglich für die Skala Rücksichtnahme findet sich keine empirische Evidenz. Im Sinne der diskriminanten Validität lassen sich die vier OCB-Faktoren empirisch von dem geforderten Arbeitsverhalten abgrenzen. Erste Anhaltspunkte zur Konstruktvalidität ergeben sich aus der Bestätigung von Zusammenhängen mit soziodemographischen Variablen sowie positiven Korrelationen mit der Arbeitszufriedenheit und dem affektiven Commitment in einer unabhängigen Studie.
Collapse
|