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Holloway C, Morgado Ramirez DZ, Bhatnagar T, Oldfrey B, Morjaria P, Moulic SG, Ebuenyi ID, Barbareschi G, Meeks F, Massie J, Ramos-Barajas F, McVeigh J, Keane K, Torrens G, Rao PVM, MacLachlan M, Austin V, Kattel R, Metcalf CD, Sujatha S. A review of innovation strategies and processes to improve access to AT: Looking ahead to open innovation ecosystems. Assist Technol 2021; 33:68-86. [PMID: 34951825 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2021.1970653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to understand the strategies and processes which are deployed currently across the Assistive Technology (AT) space toward measuring innovation. The main aim of this paper is to identify functional innovation strategies and processes which are being or can be deployed in the AT space to increase access to AT globally. We conducted a scoping review of innovation strategies and processes in peer-reviewed literature databases and complemented this by identifying case studies demonstrating innovation strategies. The review includes WHO world region, publication year, AT type and a sector analysis against the Systems-Market for Assistive and Related Technologies Framework. We analyzed the case studies and interviews using thematic analysis. We included 91 papers out of 3,127 after review along with 72 case studies. Our results showed that product innovations were more prevalent than provision or supply innovations across papers and case studies. Case studies yielded two themes: open innovation (OI); radical and disruptive innovation. Financial instruments which encourage OI are needed and we recommend pursuing OI for AT innovation. Embedding AT within larger societal missions will be key to success governments and investors need to understand what AT is and their translational socioeconomic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Holloway
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.,Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Dafne Zuleima Morgado Ramirez
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.,Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Tigmanshu Bhatnagar
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.,Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Ben Oldfrey
- Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK.,Institute of Making, University College London, London, UK
| | - Priya Morjaria
- Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK.,International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Ikenna D Ebuenyi
- Assisting Living & Learning (All) Institute, Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Giulia Barbareschi
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.,Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Fiona Meeks
- Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Loughborough University London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Massie
- International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Felipe Ramos-Barajas
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.,Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Joanne McVeigh
- Assisting Living & Learning (All) Institute, Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Kyle Keane
- Sinha Lab, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Torrens
- School of Design and Creative Arts, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - P V M Rao
- Department of Design, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Malcolm MacLachlan
- Assisting Living & Learning (All) Institute, Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Victoria Austin
- UCL Interaction Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.,Global Disability Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Rainer Kattel
- Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cheryl D Metcalf
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Srinivasan Sujatha
- TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development (R2d2), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iit Madras, Chennai, India
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Polani Chandrasekar R, Saravana Kumar D, Dzeyie K, Vignesh M, Sankara D, Raveendran I, Premkumar B, Ponnaiah M, Parasuraman G, Chaudhary S, Bhatnagar T, Kathuria S, Jain S, Singh S, Murhekar M. Outbreak of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi attributed to eating chicken at hotel X, Tiruchirappalli, India, 2018. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khan F, Bhatnagar T, Gupta P, Saxena R. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A study of serum biomarkers in cases of acute exacerbation. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bhatnagar T. Palliative Home Care: A Designer's Perspective. Indian J Palliat Care 2015; 21:250-2. [PMID: 26009683 PMCID: PMC4441191 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.156512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose for this observational research was to understand how Can Support provides palliative care at home and analyze its strengths and weaknesses in various socioeconomic scenarios for future development. In the period of 2 weeks, patients and their caregivers were silently observed in their natural surroundings during home care visits in order to listen their problems, identify the pattern of questions for the home care team, their natural way of storytelling, organizational techniques for medicines and medical reports, care givers lives, patient journey, etc. Such observations have enabled the understanding of the phenomena of home palliative care and have led to the identification of certain influential variables of the practice.
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Streijger F, Lee JHT, Duncan GJ, Ng MTL, Assinck P, Bhatnagar T, Plunet WT, Tetzlaff W, Kwon BK. Combinatorial treatment of acute spinal cord injury with ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and ketogenic diet does not result in improved histologic or functional outcome. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:870-83. [PMID: 24658967 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Because of the complex, multifaceted nature of spinal cord injury (SCI), it is widely believed that a combination of approaches will be superior to individual treatments. Therefore, we employed a rat model of cervical SCI to evaluate the combination of four noninvasive treatments that individually have been reported to be effective for acute SCI during clinically relevant therapeutic time windows. These treatments included ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and ketogenic diet (KD). These were selected not only because of their previously reported efficacy in SCI models but also for their potentially different mechanisms of action. The administration of ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and KD several hours to days postinjury was based on previous observations by others that each treatment had profound effects on the pathophysiology and functional outcome following SCI. Here we showed that, with the exception of a modest improvement in performance on the Montoya staircase test at 8-10 weeks postinjury, the combinatorial treatment with ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and KD did not result in any significant improvements in the rearing test, grooming test, or horizontal ladder. Histologic analysis of the spinal cords did not reveal any significant differences in tissue sparing between treatment and control groups. Although single approaches of ghrelin, ibuprofen, C16, and KD have been reported to be beneficial after SCI, our results show that the combination of the four interventions did not confer significant functional or histological improvements in a cervical model of SCI. Possible interactions among the treatments may have negated their beneficial effects, emphasizing the challenges that have to be addressed when considering combinatorial drug therapies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Allam RR, Murhekar MV, Bhatnagar T, Uthappa CK, Chava N, Rewari BB, Venkatesh S, Mehendale S. Survival probability and predictors of mortality and retention in care among patients enrolled for first-line antiretroviral therapy, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2008-2011. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:198-205. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Boutaiba S, Bhatnagar T, Hacene H, Mitchell D, Baratti J. Preliminary characterisation of a lipolytic activity from an extremely halophilic archaeon, Natronococcus sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cedrone F, Bhatnagar T, Baratti JC. Colorimetric assays for quantitative analysis and screening of epoxide hydrolase activity. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 27:1921-7. [PMID: 16328991 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-3904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Focusing on directed evolution to tailor enzymes as usable biocatalysts for fine chemistry, we have studied in detail several colorimetric assays for quantitative analysis of epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity. In particular, two assays have been optimized to characterize variants issued from the directed evolution of the EH from Aspergillus niger. Assays described in this paper are sufficiently reliable for quantitative screening of EH activity in microtiter plates and are low cost alternatives to GC or MS analysis. Moreover, they are usable for various epoxides and not restricted to a type of substrate, such as those amenable to assay by UV absorbancy. They can be used to assay EH activity on any epoxide and to directly assay enantioselectivity when both (R) and (S) substrates are available. The advantages and drawbacks of these two methods to assay EH activity of a large number of natural samples are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cedrone
- Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée UMR CNRS 6111, 163 avenue de Luminy - case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
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Sharma MK, Bhatnagar T, Goel NK, Verma A, Swami HM. Operationalisation of surveillance of communicable diseases in Chandigarh. J Commun Dis 2005; 37:197-202. [PMID: 17080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Weekly reports of listed communicable diseases from various departments and centres of Government Medical College, Chandigarh, involved in clinical care and laboratory diagnosis, compiled and forwarded by Department of Community Medicine, sub-nodal centre under National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases (NSPCD), to Anti- Malaria-cum-Nodal Officer, NSPCD were analysed for a period of one year Out of 14,082 cases of various communicable diseases 9166 (64.62%) were of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), 3586 (25.78%) of Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (ADDs) and 576 (4.10%) of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The proportion of ARI appeared higher among females while that of other diseases was higher among males. Most cases of ARI (76.5%) and Pneumonia (3.09%) reported in winter, ADDs (38.89%) and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (4.68%) in summer and Typhoid (1.57%) and Viral Hepatitis (1.23%) in monsoon season. No significant gender predilection was seen. Overall reporting of communicable diseases seen to be significantly more during winter and summer compared to monsoon season, with specific seasonal trends demonstrated by various morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh
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Abstract
The Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase activity was assayed by spectrophotometric using (rac) p-nitrostryrene oxide (pNSO) as substrate. Both the substrate (pNSO) and the reaction product, p-nitrostryrene diol (pNSD), had a strong absorbance in UV at 280 nm. The assay was based on the measure of the pNSD absorbance of the water phase after extraction of the non-reacted pNSO with a solvent. Among the five solvents tested, chloroform was selected since it extracted more than 99% of the epoxide and only 32% of the produced diol. This extraction yield was independent of the diol and epoxide concentrations and it was fairly reproducible. Using different enzyme amounts, the reaction kinetics were linear for the first 10 min corresponding to degrees of conversion less than 5% for the epoxide. Two controls were run simultaneously, one with the substrate alone (epoxide hydrolysis and non-complete extraction) and one with the enzyme alone (enzyme absorbance at 280 nm). The resulting DeltaOD/min was linear with the amount of enzyme added within a large range from 2 to 80 microg of the EH preparation. The new spectrophotometric assay correlates well with the previous HPLC assay and could be used routinely for an easy and fast evaluation of EH activity. The kinetic parameters of (rac) pNSO hydrolysis by A. niger epoxide hydrolase could be easily determined and K(M) (1.1 mM) compared well with that previously reported (1.0 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bhatnagar
- Biocatalyse et Chimie Fine, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, case 901, 13288 cedex 9, Marseille, France
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Hacène H, Daoudi-Hamdad F, Bhatnagar T, Baratti JC, Lefebvre G. H107, a new aminoglycoside anti-Pseudomonas antibiotic produced by a new strain of Spirillospora. Microbios 2001; 102:69-77. [PMID: 10885497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Spirillospora spp. (strain 719) has been the source of several antibiotics. One of these designated H107 is produced as a trace. Compared with other antibiotics produced by the same strain, it was obtained only from the broth filtrate after precipitation with acetic acid followed by extraction with n-butanol. It was a water soluble metabolite active against Gram-negative bacteria and especially Pseudomonas spp., and was identified as an aminoglycoside compound. This is the first report of aminoglycoside anti-Pseudomonas production by Spirillospora.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hacène
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Zones Arides, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari-Boumediène, Alger, Algeria
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Abstract
Although, area postrema (AP) as been implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular function, there is no consensus regarding the type of responses elicited by stimulation of this brain structure. Microinjections (50 nl) of smaller concentrations of excitatory amino acid receptor agonists (e.g., NMDA, KA and trans-ACPD, 10 microM each) into the AP elicited pressor and tachycardic responses in unanesthetized decerebrate as well as urethane-anesthetized rats. Microinjections of higher concentrations (e.g., 50 microM NMDA) of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) into the AP elicited an initial pressor and tachycardic response which was followed by a depressor and bradycardic response; when high concentrations of NMDA were microinjected into the AP, enough concentration may have reached the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) to elicit depressor and bradycardic responses. Alternatively, high concentrations of NMDA may excite known projections from AP to the nTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bhatnagar
- Section of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, MSB H-586, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103-2757, USA
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13
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Dhruva A, Bhatnagar T, Sapru HN. Cardiovascular responses to microinjections of glutamate into the nucleus tractus solitarii of unanesthetized supracollicular decerebrate rats. Brain Res 1998; 801:88-100. [PMID: 9729297 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In anesthetized rats, microinjections of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) into the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), in a region located immediately rostral to the calamus scriptorius (CS), have been generally reported to elicit depressor and bradycardic responses. On the other hand, in conscious freely moving rats, similar microinjections have been reported to elicit pressor and bradycardic responses. These divergent results have been attributed to the effect of anesthetics. A reinvestigation of the effects of EAAs into the nTS in unanesthetized animals became necessary in order to resolve this controversy. The microinjection technique used in freely moving conscious rats suffers from several technical limitations; for example, microinjections cannot be delivered stereotaxically. In order to avoid these limitations, the present experiments were carried out in unanesthetized supracollicular decerebrate rats. A systematic mapping of nTS in these rats, using microinjections of the solutions of EAAs in artificial cerebrospinal (aCSF) fluid, confirmed that depressor and bradycardic responses are elicited from all the sites in the nTS extending from the CS to a level about 1 mm rostral to it. Pressor responses were elicited by microinjections of l-glutamate (l-Glu) only from the chemoreceptor projection site (a region of the commissural subnucleus, 0.1-0.5 mm caudal to the CS, 0-0.5 mm lateral to the midline and 0.4-0.5 mm deep from the medullary surface). The pressor responses elicited from the aforementioned site were accompanied with bradycardia; this response may be due to diffusion of l-Glu to the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus because the bradycardia disappeared when the depth of the microinjection was reduced to 0.3, instead of 0.5 mm, from the dorsal medullary surface. When urethane was administered intravenously in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the responses to microinjections of l-Glu remained unchanged, i.e., depressor and bradycardic responses were elicited from all the sites in the nTS extending from the CS to a level about 1 mm rostral to it and pressor and tachycardic responses were elicited from the chemoreceptor projection site. These observations indicated that there is no anesthetic-induced qualitative alteration of the cardiovascular responses to microinjections of EAAs into the nTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dhruva
- Section of Neurological Surgery, MSB H-586, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103-2757, USA
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Abstract
Pythium nodosum sp. nov. has been isolated from a soil sample taken in the Burgundy region in France. The fungus has spherical to variously shaped proliferating sporangia, smooth-walled oogonia which are crowded with different antheridial branches making a complicated knot around the former, and aplerotic oospores. Morphological and reproductive aspects of Pythium nodosum as well as the PCR of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal nuclear DNA coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis are described here. The nucleotide sequences of ITS1 encoding 5.8S rRNA is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paul
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, U.F.R. Sciences et techniques, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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