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Höfer S, Kämpfer T, Förster E, Stöhlker T, Uschmann I. Communication: The formation of rarefaction waves in semiconductors after ultrashort excitation probed by grazing incidence ultrafast time-resolved x-ray diffraction. Struct Dyn 2016; 3:051101. [PMID: 27704034 PMCID: PMC5035306 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We explore the InSb-semiconductor lattice dynamics after excitation of high density electron-hole plasma with an ultrashort and intense laser pulse. By using time resolved x-ray diffraction, a sub-mÅ and sub-ps resolution was achieved. Thus, a strain of 4% was measured in a 3 nm thin surface layer 2 ps after excitation. The lattice strain was observed for the first 5 ps as exponentially decaying, changing rapidly by time and by depth. The observed phenomena can only be understood assuming nonlinear time dependent laser absorption where the absorption depth decreases by a factor of twenty compared to linear absorption.
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2
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Hahn C, Weber G, Märtin R, Höfer S, Kämpfer T, Stöhlker T. CdTe Timepix detectors for single-photon spectroscopy and linear polarimetry of high-flux hard x-ray radiation. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:043106. [PMID: 27131653 DOI: 10.1063/1.4945362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon spectroscopy of pulsed, high-intensity sources of hard X-rays - such as laser-generated plasmas - is often hampered by the pileup of several photons absorbed by the unsegmented, large-volume sensors routinely used for the detection of high-energy radiation. Detectors based on the Timepix chip, with a segmentation pitch of 55 μm and the possibility to be equipped with high-Z sensor chips, constitute an attractive alternative to commonly used passive solutions such as image plates. In this report, we present energy calibration and characterization measurements of such devices. The achievable energy resolution is comparable to that of scintillators for γ spectroscopy. Moreover, we also introduce a simple two-detector Compton polarimeter setup with a polarimeter quality of (98 ± 1)%. Finally, a proof-of-principle polarimetry experiment is discussed, where we studied the linear polarization of bremsstrahlung emitted by a laser-driven plasma and found an indication of the X-ray polarization direction depending on the polarization state of the incident laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hahn
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Weber
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Märtin
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Höfer
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Kämpfer
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Th Stöhlker
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Marx-Glowna B, Schulze KS, Uschmann I, Kämpfer T, Weber G, Hahn C, Wille HC, Schlage K, Röhlsberger R, Förster E, Stöhlker T, Paulus GG. Influence of higher harmonics of the undulator in X-ray polarimetry and crystal monochromator design. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22:1151-1154. [PMID: 26289265 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum of the undulator radiation of beamline P01 at Petra III has been measured after passing a multiple reflection channel-cut polarimeter. Odd and even harmonics up to the 15th order, as well as Compton peaks which were produced by the high harmonics in the spectrum, could been measured. These additional contributions can have a tremendous influence on the performance of the polarimeter and have to be taken into account for further polarimeter designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Marx-Glowna
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kai S Schulze
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo Uschmann
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Kämpfer
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Weber
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Hahn
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Wille
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schlage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckhart Förster
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Stöhlker
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Hilbert V, Blinne A, Fuchs S, Feigl T, Kämpfer T, Rödel C, Uschmann I, Wünsche M, Paulus GG, Förster E, Zastrau U. An extreme ultraviolet Michelson interferometer for experiments at free-electron lasers. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:095111. [PMID: 24089870 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a Michelson interferometer for 13.5 nm soft x-ray radiation. It is characterized in a proof-of-principle experiment using synchrotron radiation, where the temporal coherence is measured to be 13 fs. The curvature of the thin-film beam splitter membrane is derived from the observed fringe pattern. The applicability of this Michelson interferometer at intense free-electron lasers is investigated, particularly with respect to radiation damage. This study highlights the potential role of such Michelson interferometers in solid density plasma investigations using, for instance, extreme soft x-ray free-electron lasers. A setup using the Michelson interferometer for pseudo-Nomarski-interferometry is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Hilbert
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Heeg KP, Wille HC, Schlage K, Guryeva T, Schumacher D, Uschmann I, Schulze KS, Marx B, Kämpfer T, Paulus GG, Röhlsberger R, Evers J. Vacuum-assisted generation and control of atomic coherences at x-ray energies. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:073601. [PMID: 23992063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The control of light-matter interaction at the quantum level usually requires coherent laser fields. But already an exchange of virtual photons with the electromagnetic vacuum field alone can lead to quantum coherences, which subsequently suppress spontaneous emission. We demonstrate such spontaneously generated coherences (SGC) in a large ensemble of nuclei operating in the x-ray regime, resonantly coupled to a common cavity environment. The observed SGC originates from two fundamentally different mechanisms related to cooperative emission and magnetically controlled anisotropy of the cavity vacuum. This approach opens new perspectives for quantum control, quantum state engineering and simulation of quantum many-body physics in an essentially decoherence-free setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian P Heeg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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Marx B, Schulze KS, Uschmann I, Kämpfer T, Lötzsch R, Wehrhan O, Wagner W, Detlefs C, Roth T, Härtwig J, Förster E, Stöhlker T, Paulus GG. High-precision x-ray polarimetry. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:254801. [PMID: 23829740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.254801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The polarization purity of 6.457- and 12.914-keV x rays has been improved to the level of 2.4×10(-10) and 5.7×10(-10). The polarizers are channel-cut silicon crystals using six 90° reflections. Their performance and possible applications are demonstrated in the measurement of the optical activity of a sucrose solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marx
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E, Robinson APL, Giulietti A, Köster P, Labate L, Levato T, Gizzi LA. Directional bremsstrahlung from a Ti laser-produced x-ray source at relativistic intensities in the 3-12 keV range. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:085001. [PMID: 20868103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Front and rear side x-ray emission from thin titanium foils irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses at intensities up to ≈5 × 10(19) W/cm2 was measured using a high-resolution imaging system. Significant differences in intensity, dimension, and spectrum between front and rear side emission intensity in the 3-12 keV photon energy range was found even for 5 μm thin Ti foils. Simulations and analysis of space-resolved spectra explain this behavior in terms of directional bremsstrahlung emission from fast electrons generated during the interaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamponi
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Zastrau U, Audebert P, Bernshtam V, Brambrink E, Kämpfer T, Kroupp E, Loetzsch R, Maron Y, Ralchenko Y, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Sengebusch A, Stambulchik E, Uschmann I, Weingarten L, Förster E. Temperature and Kalpha-yield radial distributions in laser-produced solid-density plasmas imaged with ultrahigh-resolution x-ray spectroscopy. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:026406. [PMID: 20365664 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.026406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study warm dense matter formed by subpicosecond laser irradiation at several 10(19) W/cm(2) of thin Ti foils using x-ray spectroscopy with high spectral (E/DeltaE approximately 15,000) and one-dimensional spatial (Deltax=13.5 microm) resolutions. Ti Kalpha doublets modeled by line-shape calculations are compared with Abel-inverted single-pulse experimental spectra and provide radial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and the absolute-photon number Kalpha yield in the target interiors. A core with approximately 40 eV extends homogeneously up to ten times the laser-focus size. The spatial distributions of the bulk-electron temperature and Kalpha yield are strongly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Labate L, Giulietti A, Giulietti D, Köster P, Levato T, Gizzi LA, Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E. Novel x-ray multispectral imaging of ultraintense laser plasmas by a single-photon charge coupled device based pinhole camera. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:103506. [PMID: 17979418 DOI: 10.1063/1.2800774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of ultrashort laser-produced plasmas is described, obtained by means of an advanced technique. The technique has been tested with microplasmas produced by ultrashort relativistic laser pulses. The technique is based on the use of a pinhole camera equipped with a charge coupled device detector operating in the single-photon regime. The spectral resolution is about 150 eV in the 4-10 keV range, and images in any selected photon energy range have a spatial resolution of 5 microm. The potential of the technique to study fast electron propagation in ultraintense laser interaction with multilayer targets is discussed and some preliminary results are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Hidding B, Pretzler G, Clever M, Brandl F, Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E, Schramm U, Sauerbrey R, Kroupp E, Veisz L, Schmid K, Benavides S, Karsch S. Novel method for characterizing relativistic electron beams in a harsh laser-plasma environment. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:083301. [PMID: 17764317 DOI: 10.1063/1.2775668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle pulses generated by laser-plasma interaction are characterized by ultrashort duration, high particle density, and sometimes a very strong accompanying electromagnetic pulse (EMP). Therefore, beam diagnostics different from those known from classical particle accelerators such as synchrotrons or linacs are required. Easy to use single-shot techniques are favored, which must be insensitive towards the EMP and associated stray light of all frequencies, taking into account the comparably low repetition rates and which, at the same time, allow for usage in very space-limited environments. Various measurement techniques are discussed here, and a space-saving method to determine several important properties of laser-generated electron bunches simultaneously is presented. The method is based on experimental results of electron-sensitive imaging plate stacks and combines these with Monte Carlo-type ray-tracing calculations, yielding a comprehensive picture of the properties of particle beams. The total charge, the energy spectrum, and the divergence can be derived simultaneously for a single bunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hidding
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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