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Cvetnic M, Juretic Perisic D, Kovacic M, Ukic S, Bolanca T, Rasulev B, Kusic H, Loncaric Bozic A. Toxicity of aromatic pollutants and photooxidative intermediates in water: A QSAR study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:918-927. [PMID: 30597792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive commercial use of aromatic hydrocarbons results with significant amounts of these chemicals and related by-products in waters, causing a severe ecological and health threat, thus requiring an increased attention. This study was aimed at developing models for prediction of the initial toxicity of the aromatic water-pollutants (expressed as EC50 and TU0) as well as the toxicity of their intermediates at half-life of the parent pollutant (TU1/2). For that purpose, toxicity toward Vibrio fischery was determined for 36 single-benzene ring compounds (S-BRCs), diversified by the type, number and position of substituents. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology paired with genetic algorithm optimization tool and multiple linear regression was applied to obtain the models predicting the targeted toxicity, which are based on pure structural characteristics of the tested pollutants, avoiding thus additional experimentation. Upon derivation of the models and extensive analysis on training and test sets, 4-, 4- and 5-variable models (for EC50 and TU0, TU1/2, respectively) were selected as the most predictive possessing 0.839<R2< 0.901 and 0.789<Q2< 0.859. The analysis of the selected descriptors indicated three major structural characteristics influencing the toxicity: electronegativity, geometry and electrotopological states of the molecule. Degradation kinetics determining as well the pathways of intermediates formation, reflected over ionization potential, was found to be an important parameter determining the toxicity in half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Cvetnic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic Perisic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sime Ukic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Markic M, Cvetnic M, Ukic S, Kusic H, Bolanca T, Bozic AL. Influence of process parameters on the effectiveness of photooxidative treatment of pharmaceuticals. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:338-351. [PMID: 29173087 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1401394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/[Formula: see text] processes as photooxidative Advanced oxidation processes were applied for the treatment of seven pharmaceuticals, either already included in the Directive 2013/39/EU "watch list" (17α- ethynylestradiol, 17β-estradiol) or with potential to be added in the near future due to environmental properties and increasing consumption (azithromycin, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, erythromycin and oxytetracycline). The influence of process parameters (pH, oxidant concentration and type) on the pharmaceuticals degradation was studied through employed response surface modelling approach. It was established that degradation obeys first-order kinetic regime regardless structural differences and over entire range of studied process parameters. The results revealed that the effectiveness of UV-C/H2O2 process is highly dependent on both initial pH and oxidant concentration. It was found that UV-C/[Formula: see text] process, exhibiting several times faster degradation of studied pharmaceuticals, is less sensitive to pH changes providing practical benefit to its utilization. The influence of water matrix on degradation kinetics of studied pharmaceuticals was studied through natural organic matter effects on single component and mixture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinko Markic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Matija Cvetnic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Sime Ukic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Bocian S, Škrinjar T, Bolanca T, Buszewski B. How High Pressure Unifies Solvation Processes in Liquid Chromatography. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:1647-1651. [PMID: 28707618 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of core-shell-based stationary phases of varying surface chemistry were subjected to solvent adsorption investigation under ultra-HPLC conditions. Acetonitrile and water excess isotherms were measured using a minor disturbance method. It was observed that adsorption of organic solvent is unified under high pressure. Preferential solvation due to specific interactions between the stationary phases and solvent molecules was limited. The obtained results showed that the solvation process is almost independent of surface chemistry, in contrast to HPLC conditions in which specific interactions differentiate solvation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tea Škrinjar
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 19 Maruli´cev St, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 19 Marulićev St, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Cvetnic M, Juretic Perisic D, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Dermadi J, Horvat S, Bolanca T, Marin V, Karamanis P, Loncaric Bozic A. Prediction of biodegradability of aromatics in water using QSAR modeling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 139:139-149. [PMID: 28129599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at developing models for predicting the biodegradability of aromatic water pollutants. For that purpose, 36 single-benzene ring compounds, with different type, number and position of substituents, were used. The biodegradability was estimated according to the ratio of the biochemical (BOD5) and chemical (COD) oxygen demand values determined for parent compounds ((BOD5/COD)0), as well as for their reaction mixtures in half-life achieved by UV-C/H2O2 process ((BOD5/COD)t1/2). The models correlating biodegradability and molecular structure characteristics of studied pollutants were derived using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) principles and tools. Upon derivation of the models and calibration on the training and subsequent testing on the test set, 3- and 5-variable models were selected as the most predictive for (BOD5/COD)0 and (BOD5/COD)t1/2, respectively, according to the values of statistical parameters R2 and Q2. Hence, 3-variable model predicting (BOD5/COD)0 possessed R2=0.863 and Q2=0.799 for training set, and R2=0.710 for test set, while 5-variable model predicting (BOD5/COD)1/2 possessed R2=0.886 and Q2=0.788 for training set, and R2=0.564 for test set. The selected models are interpretable and transparent, reflecting key structural features that influence targeted biodegradability and can be correlated with the degradation mechanisms of studied compounds by UV-C/H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Cvetnic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic Perisic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Dermadi
- Pliva Croatia Ltd, TAPI Croatia, TAPI R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovica 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Horvat
- GKP Komunalac d.o.o., Mosna 15, Koprivnica 48000, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Marin
- EnCor Biotechnology, 4949 SW 41st Blvd S40, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Smidt M, Kusic H, Juretic D, Novak Stankov M, Ukic S, Bolanca T, Rogosic M, Loncaric Bozic A. Modeling Photo-oxidative Degradation of Aromatics in Water. Optimization Study Using Response Surface and Structural Relationship Approaches. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Smidt
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Novak Stankov
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sime Ukic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Rogosic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Bolanca T, Cerjan-Stefanović S, Lusa M, Rogosić M, Ukić S. Development of an ion chromatographic gradient retention model from isocratic elution experiments. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1121:228-35. [PMID: 16698028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
When facing separation problems in ion chromatography, chromatographers often lack guidelines to decide a priori if isocratic elution will give enough separation in a reasonable analysis time or a gradient elution will be required. This situation may be solved by the prediction of retention in gradient elution mode by using isocratic experimental data. This work describes the development of an ion chromatographic gradient elution retention model for fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate by using isocratic experimental data. The isocratic elution retention model was developed by applying a polynomial relation between the logarithm of the retention factor and logarithm of the concentration of competing ions; the gradient elution retention model was based on the stepwise numerical integration of the corresponding differential equation. It was shown that the developed gradient elution retention model was not significantly affected by transferring data form isocratic experiment. The root mean squared prediction error for gradient elution retention model was between 0.0863 for fluoride and 0.7027 for bromide proving a very good predictive ability of developed gradient elution retention model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Bolanca
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bolanca T, Cerjan-Stefanović S, Regelja M, Regelja H, Loncarić S. Application of artificial neural networks for gradient elution retention modelling in ion chromatography. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1427-33. [PMID: 16158983 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gradient elution in ion chromatography (IC) offers several advantages: total analysis time can be significantly reduced, overall resolution of a mixture can be increased, peak shape can be improved (less tailing) and effective sensitivity can be increased (because there is little variation in peak shape). More importantly, it provides the maximum resolution per time unit. The aim of this work was the development of a suitable artificial neural network (ANN) gradient elution retention model that can be used in a variety of applications for method development and retention modelling of inorganic anions in IC. Multilayer perceptron ANNs were used to model the retention behaviour of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, sulphate, bromide, nitrate and phosphate in relation to the starting time of gradient elution and the slope of the linear gradient elution curve. The advantage of the developed model is the application of an optimized two-phase training algorithm that enables the researcher to make use of the advantages of first- and second-order training algorithms in one training procedure. This results in better predictive ability, with less time required for the calculations. The number of hidden layer neurons and experimental data points used for the training set were optimized in terms of obtaining a precise and accurate retention model with respect to minimization of unnecessary experimentation and time needed for the calculation procedures. This study shows that developed, ANNs are the method of first choice for retention modelling of inorganic anions in IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Bolanca
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bolanca T, Cerjan-Stefanović S, Regelja M, Regelja H, Loncarić S. Development of an inorganic cations retention model in ion chromatography by means of artificial neural networks with different two-phase training algorithms. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1085:74-85. [PMID: 16106851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes development of artificial neural network (ANN) retention model, which can be used for method development in variety of ion chromatographic applications. By using developed retention model it is possible both to improve performance characteristic of developed method and to speed up new method development by reducing unnecessary experimentation. Multilayered feed forward neural network has been used to model retention behaviour of void peak, lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium in relation with the eluent flow rate and concentration of methasulphonic acid (MSA) in eluent. The probability of finding the global minimum and fast convergence at the same time were enhanced by applying a two-phase training procedure. The developed two-phase training procedure consists of both first and second order training. Several training algorithms were applied and compared, namely: back propagation (BP), delta-bar-delta, quick propagation, conjugate gradient, quasi Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt. It is shown that the optimized two-phase training procedure enables fast convergence and avoids problems arisen from the fact that every new weight initialization can be regarded as a new starting position and yield irreproducible neural network if only second order training is applied. Activation function, number of hidden layer neurons and number of experimental data points used for training set were optimized in order to insure good predictive ability with respect to speeding up retention modelling procedure by reducing unnecessary experimental work. The predictive ability of optimized neural networks retention model was tested by using several statistical tests. This study shows that developed artificial neural network are very accurate and fast retention modelling tool applied to model varied inherent non-linear relationship of retention behaviour with respect to mobile phase parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Bolanca
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Abstract
A non-suppressed ion chromatographic method with conductometric detection is described for the simultaneous determination of six inorganic anions: fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate and sulphate. The separation was achieved on a low-capacity anion-exchange column Metrohm IC Anion Column Super Sep, with a mobile phase consisting of phtalic acid dissolved in high-purity water, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propendiol and acetonitrile. In this work computer optimization procedures, using computer programs to select chromatographic conditions have been used, leading to the achievement of a desired separation. By using the different optimization methods in an integrated manner it is, however, possible to both speed method development, by reducing unnecessary experimentation, and to overcome the many shortcomings of each method, because of the different approaches. The purpose of this work is to improve and characterise the method for simultaneous determination of six inorganic anions in drinking water by non-suppressed ion chromatography, using optimization procedures, in order to be applied to the routine analysis. The proposed method has numerous advantages over the other widely used non-suppressed ion chromatography methods: higher selectivity, shorter analysis time, lower quantitation and detection limits. The performance characteristics of the method were established by determining the following validation parameters: precision and accuracy, linearity, detection limits and quantitation limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Stefanović
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
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