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Hsieh YH, Hsu PH, Hu A, Cheng YJ, Shih TL, Chen JJ. Synthesis of Flavonols and Assessment of Their Biological Activity as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:2041. [PMID: 38731532 PMCID: PMC11085485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of flavanols were synthesized to assess their biological activity against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). Among the sixteen synthesized compounds, it was observed that compounds 6k (3.14 ± 0.29 µM) and 6l (0.46 ± 0.02 µM) exhibited higher potency compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu, 4.98 ± 0.41 µM), a clinical anticancer drug which was used as a positive control. Moreover, compound 6l (4'-bromoflavonol) markedly induced apoptosis of A549 cells through the mitochondrial- and caspase-3-dependent pathways. Consequently, compound 6l might be developed as a candidate for treating or preventing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Hsieh
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Anren Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Je Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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2
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Ding YC, Chu YC, Chang CH, Liang JH, Chen JJ, Shih TL. Synthesis of 2-(pyridylvinyl)chromen-4-ones and their N-oxide analogs for assessment of their biological activities as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300445. [PMID: 38227420 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
2-Styrylchromones have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Replacing the carbon atom in 2-styrylchromones with a nitrogen atom in the benzene rings forms 2-(pyridylvinyl)chromen-4-ones (aza-2-styrylchromones). We have synthesized a series of novel 2-(pyridylvinyl)chromen-4-ones and their pyridine N-oxides to evaluate them as potential anticancer agents against human non-small-cell lung cancer cells (A549). Among the 18 synthesized molecules, compounds 18 and 8a exhibited comparable inhibitory effects to 5-fluorouracil and showed no toxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chun Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsin Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Liang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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3
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Chen YC, Li CW, Chen JJ, Shih TL. Synthesis of selenophene-based chalcone analogs and assessment of their biological activity as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200486. [PMID: 36587972 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is beneficial to human health. Selenium-containing drugs have been developed as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents. However, the synthesis of selenium-containing chalcones has not been fully explored. Therefore, we report the synthesis of novel selenophene-based chalcone analogs and reveal their biological activities as anticancer agents. Among the seven synthesized molecules, compounds 6, 8, and 10 exhibited anticancer activity with IC50 values of 19.98 ± 3.38, 38.23 ± 3.30, and 46.95 ± 5.68 μM, respectively, against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells. Clonogenic assays and Western blot analysis tests further confirmed that compound 6 effectively induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells through mitochondrial- and caspase-3-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Wei Li
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Wang RY, Li CW, Cho ST, Chang CH, Chen JJ, Shih TL. Synthesis of cinnamils and quinoxalines and their biological evaluation as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100448. [PMID: 35174890 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized multiple cinnamils and quinoxalines to evaluate their anticancer activity. Cinnamils were used as precursors for quinoxalines via condensation with 1,2-diaminobenzene. Among the 26 synthesized compounds reported in this article, we found that cinnamil 3l exhibited its inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 1.45 ± 0.98 μM, significantly higher than doxorubicin (8.5 ± 0.85 μM) against pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1). Additionally, cinnamil 3l (IC50 10.98 ± 3.63 μM) showed less cytotoxicity than doxorubicin to Hs68 cells (0.92 ± 1.11 μM). The colony formation assay demonstrated that 3l obviously decreased the PANC-1 cell viability, and Western blot assays confirmed that 3l markedly induced apoptosis of PANC-1 cells through Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3 signaling cascades. These results demonstrate that cinnamil 3l has great potential to be further developed as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Wei Li
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Tse Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Cheng YJ, Li CW, Kuo CL, Shih TL, Chen JJ. Improved Synthesis of Asymmetric Curcuminoids and Their Assessment as Antioxidants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082547. [PMID: 35458741 PMCID: PMC9030899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the syntheses of twelve asymmetric curcumin analogs using Pabon's method are reported. Generally, the previously reported yields of asymmetric curcuminoids, such as 9a (53%), 9c (38%), and 9k (38%), have been moderate or low. Herein, we propose that the low yields were due to the presence of water and n-BuNH2 in the reaction media. To prove this formulated hypothesis, we have demonstrated that the yields can be improved by adding molecular sieves (MS) (4 Å) to the reaction mixture, thus reducing the interference of water. Therefore, improved yields (41-76%) were obtained, except for 9b (36.7%), 9g (34%), and 9l (39.5%). Furthermore, compounds 9b, 9d, 9e, 9f, 9g, 9h, 9i, 9j, and 9l are reported herein for the first time. The structures of these synthetic compounds were determined by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry analyses. The free radical scavenging ability of these synthetic asymmetric curcuminoids was evaluated and compared to that of the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Among the synthesized asymmetric curcuminoids, compounds 9a (IC50 = 37.57 ± 0.89 μM) and 9e (IC50 = 37.17 ± 1.76 μM) possessed effective 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities, and compounds 9h (IC50 = 11.36 ± 0.65 μM) and 9i (IC50 = 10.91 ± 0.77 μM) displayed potent 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities comparable to that of curcumin (IC50 = 10.14 ± 1.04 μM). Furthermore, all the synthetic asymmetric curcuminoids were more active than BHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Je Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-L.K.)
| | - Cai-Wei Li
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Cing-Ling Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-L.K.)
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-L.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.-L.S.); (J.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7195 (J.-J.C.); Fax: +886-2-2823-2940 (J.-J.C.)
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-L.S.); (J.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7195 (J.-J.C.); Fax: +886-2-2823-2940 (J.-J.C.)
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Shih TL, Lin KH, Chen RJ, Chen TY, Kao WT, Liu JW, Wang HH, Peng HY, Sun YY, Lu WJ. A novel naphthalimide derivative reduces platelet activation and thrombus formation via suppressing GPVI. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9434-9446. [PMID: 34448532 PMCID: PMC8500964 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalimide derivatives have multiple biological activities, including antitumour and anti‐inflammatory activities. We previously synthesized several naphthalimide derivatives; of them, compound 5 was found to exert the strongest inhibitory effect on human DNA topoisomerase II activity. However, the effects of naphthalimide derivatives on platelet activation have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the mechanism underlying the antiplatelet activity of compound 5 was determined in this study. The data revealed that compound 5 (5–10 μM) inhibited collagen‐ and convulxin‐ but not thrombin‐ or U46619‐mediated platelet aggregation, suggesting that compound 5 is more sensitive to the inhibition of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling. Indeed, compound 5 could inhibit the phosphorylation of signalling molecules downstream of GPVI, followed by the inhibition of calcium mobilization, granule release and GPIIb/IIIa activation. Moreover, compound 5 prevented pulmonary embolism and prolonged the occlusion time, but tended to prolong the bleeding time, indicating that it can prevent thrombus formation but may increase bleeding risk. This study is the first to demonstrate that the naphthalimide derivative compound 5 exerts antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Future studies should modify compound 5 to synthesize more potent and efficient antiplatelet agents while minimizing bleeding risk, which may offer a therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hsiao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yu Peng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wan-Jung Lu
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shih TL, Tsai MC, Huang P, Syu L. Synthesis of Novel Isoquinolino[5,4-ab]phenanthridine Derivatives via Pictet–Spengler Reaction. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 5-amino-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-6-phenyl-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione with a series of aldehydes in acidic media (phosphoric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid) is described. This key step is based on the Pictet–Spengler reaction to synthesize ten novel isoquinolino[5,4-ab]phenanthridine derivatives. The most effective acid is phosphoric acid and optimized yields were obtained. The frameworks of target compounds are unique and have never been reported.
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Ho TJ, Hung CC, Shih TL, Yiin LM, Chen HP. Corrigendum to “Investigation of borneols sold in Taiwan by chiral gas chromatography” [J Food Drug Anal 26 (2018) 348–352]. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:373. [PMID: 30648593 PMCID: PMC9298611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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9
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Yang MY, Khine AA, Liu JW, Cheng HC, Hu A, Chen HP, Shih TL. Resolution of isoborneol and its isomers by GC/MS to identify “synthetic” and “semi-synthetic” borneol products. Chirality 2018; 30:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yeh Yang
- Institute of Medical Science; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Aye Aye Khine
- Institute of Medical Science; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Tamkang University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Tamkang University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Anren Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry; Tamkang University; New Taipei City Taiwan
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Shih TL, Liu MH, Li CW, Kuo CF. Halo-Substituted Chalcones and Azachalcones-Inhibited, Lipopolysaccharited-Stimulated, Pro-Inflammatory Responses through the TLR4-Mediated Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:E597. [PMID: 29518899 PMCID: PMC6017711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of B-ring, halo-substituted chalcones and azachalcones were synthesized to evaluate and compare their anti-inflammatory activity. Mouse BALB/c macrophage RAW 264.7 were pre-treated with 10 μg/mL of each compound for one hour before induction of inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL) for 6 h. Some halo-chalcones and -azachalcones suppressed expression of pro-inflammatory factors toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), IκB-α, transcription factor p65, interleukine 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The present results showed that the synthetic halo-azachalcones exhibited more significant inhibition than halo-chalcones. Therefore, the nitrogen atom in this series of azachalcones must play a more crucial role than the corresponding C-2 hydroxyl group of chalcones in biological activity. Our findings will lay the background for the future development of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hwa Liu
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Zhongshan Dist., Taipei 104, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Wai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Feng Kuo
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Zhongshan Dist., Taipei 104, Taiwan.
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Ho TJ, Hung CC, Shih TL, Yiin LM, Chen HP. Investigation of borneols sold in Taiwan by chiral gas chromatography. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:348-352. [PMID: 29389573 PMCID: PMC9332630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Borneol is a monoterpene that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are two different products sold in Taipei’s traditional Chinese medicine market, natural and chemically synthesized borneol. Chemically synthesized borneol contains four stereoisomers, (+)-isoborneol, (−)-isoborneol, (−)-borneol, and (+)-borneol. The ratio of these four isomers in chemically synthesized and natural borneol products was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A huge variation between these products is highlighted in this survey. The results suggest that the Food and Drug Administrations in Asian countries should establish a regulatory standard regarding the ratio of the four different borneol isomers in both natural and chemically synthesized borneol.
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Lu YT, Chen TL, Chang KS, Chang CM, Wei TY, Liu JW, Hsiao CA, Shih TL. Synthesis of novel C4-benzazole naphthalimide derivatives with potent anti-tumor properties against murine melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:789-794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Chen YR, Cho YC, Shih TL. Reinvestigation of ortho-amidoacetophenones' cyclization mediated by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. The Lewis-acid-assisted and Brønsted-acid-catalyzed reaction. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Shih TL, Liao WY, Yen WC. Regioselective fluorination in synthesis of deoxyfluoro quercitols from d-(−)-quinic acid. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shih TL, Hsiao CA, Lin ZY, Chen YH. An alternative synthesis of 3',4'-diaminoflavones to evaluate their antioxidant ability and cell apoptosis of zebrafish larvae. Molecules 2012; 17:8206-16. [PMID: 22777189 PMCID: PMC6268274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We described herein a concise synthesis of 3′,4′-diaminoflavone 10. This new, three-step synthetic approach is more efficient than the conventional seven-step synthetic method. The route is shortened significantly by introducing the amino moieties early and eliminating the need for nitro group reduction. The other two analogues, 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′-diaminoflavone 11 and 5,7-dimethoxy-3′,4′-diaminoflavone 12, were also synthesized similarly. The above three compounds, along with flavone, were evaluated for their antioxidant and UVB-protection abilities on zebrafish larvae. The data showed that compound 10 exhibited the best result, with −102.3% of ROS-scavenging rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (T.-L.S.)(Y.-H.C.); Tel./Fax: +886-2-8631-5024 (T.-L.S.)
| | | | | | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (T.-L.S.)(Y.-H.C.); Tel./Fax: +886-2-8631-5024 (T.-L.S.)
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Chen HH, Lin HA, Lai YH, Lin SY, Chiang CH, Hsu HF, Shih TL, Lee JJ, Lai CC, Kuo TS. Enantiotropic Nematics From Cross-Like 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(4′-alkyl-4-ethynylbiphenyl)benzenes and Their Biaxiality Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:9543-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Yeh PL, Tai CK, Shih TL, Hsiao HL, Wang BC. Conformational analysis of a seven-membered ring azasugar, (3R,4R,6S)-trihydroxyazepane: Comparison of GIAO calculation and experimental NMR spectra on 13C chemical shifts. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Chen YH, Yang ZS, Wen CC, Chang YS, Wang BC, Hsiao CA, Shih TL. Evaluation of the structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as antioxidants and toxicants of zebrafish larvae. Food Chem 2012; 134:717-24. [PMID: 23107683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability of an array of commercially available flavonoids was evaluated on the larvae of the zebrafish model organism, in order to find flavonoids with lower toxicities and higher radical oxygen-scavenging properties than flavone. Among the flavonoids tested, chrysin and morin possessed higher reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging rates (-99% and -101%, respectively) and lower toxicity (LD(50)>100 ppm). Zebrafish fins in the UVB+chrysin group were 6.30 times more likely to grow to normal fin size than those in the UVB-only control group, while zebrafish fins in the UVB+morin group were 11.9 times more likely to grow to normal fin size than those in the UVB-only control group. These results were analysed by the QSAR method and were in accordance with predicted values. A new 4'-fluoroflavone was synthesised. The ROS-scavenging rate of 4'-fluoroflavone was -54%, which corresponds well with the predicted value (-48%). We propose that a combination of QSAR prediction and the zebrafish model organism is efficient for evaluating new flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Shih TL, Liang MT, Wu KD, Lin CH. Synthesis of polyhydroxy 7- and N-alkyl-azepanes as potent glycosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2010; 346:183-90. [PMID: 21146809 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An effective synthetic method for polyhydroxylated azepanes that contain an alkyl group (Me or Bu) at either the 7- or N-positions is developed. The synthetic routes are accomplished in eight to ten steps from d-(-)-quinic acid. Among the compounds synthesized, the polyhydroxy 7-butyl azepane (compound 3), which possessed the R-configuration at C-7 position, is shown to give potent inhibition against β-galactosidase (IC(50)= 3 microM). Preliminary biological data indicate that the length of alkyl groups along with the proper stereochemistry at the C-7 position is essential for acquiring extra binding affinity. Using similar synthetic routes, the polyhydroxy N-methyl and N-butyl azepanes are synthesized for the comparison of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui 25137, Taipei County, Taiwan.
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Shih TL, Yang RY, Li ST, Chiang CF, Lin CH. Expeditious Synthesis of Tri- and Tetrahydroxyazepanes from d-(−)-Quinic Acid as Potent Glycosidase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4258-61. [PMID: 17480095 DOI: 10.1021/jo070058x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several new stereoisomers of 3,4,6-trihydroxyazepanes and 7-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxyazepanes as well as known 3,4,5-trihydroxyazepanes were synthesized as potent glycosidase inhibitors from D-(-)-quinic acid in an efficient manner. The key step employs dihydroxylation of protected chiral 1,4,5-cyclohex-2-enetriols under RuCl3/NaIO4/phosphate buffer (pH 7) condition, followed by reductive amino cyclization. We found the choice of an appropriate protecting group to C1-OH of chiral 1,4,5-cyclohex-2-enetriols would increase the yields of cyclization. The preliminary biological data indicate some of these azepanes possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei County 25137, Taiwan.
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Shih TL, Kuo WS, Lin YL. A facile synthesis of a new trihydroxy piperidine derivative and (+)- proto -quercitol from d -(−)-quinic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Meinke PT, Ayer MB, Colletti SL, Li C, Lim J, Ok D, Salva S, Schmatz DM, Shih TL, Shoop WL, Warmke LM, Wyvratt MJ, Zakson-Aiken M, Fisher MH. Chemical modification of nodulisporic acid A: preliminary structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2371-4. [PMID: 11055358 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry efforts were initiated to identify the key constituents of the nodulisporic acid A (1) pharmacophore that are integral to its potent insecticidal activity. New semisynthetic derivatives delineated 1 into 'permissive' and 'nonpermissive' regions and led to the discovery of new nodulisporamides with significantly improved flea efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Meinke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Paquette L, Zeng Q, Wang HL, Shih TL. From Carbohydrates to the Discovery of Pronounced Heteroatomic Effects on Anionically Accelerated [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200006)2000:12<2187::aid-ejoc2187>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shih TL, Candelore MR, Cascieri MA, Chiu SH, Colwell LF, Deng L, Feeney WP, Forrest MJ, Hom GJ, MacIntyre DE, Miller RR, Stearns RA, Strader CD, Tota L, Wyvratt MJ, Fisher MH, Weber AE. L-770,644: a potent and selective human beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist with improved oral bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1251-4. [PMID: 10340609 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
L-770,644 (9c) is a potent and selective agonist of the human beta3 adrenergic receptor (EC50 = 13 nM). It shows good oral bioavailability in both dogs and rats (%F = 27), and is a full agonist for glycerolemia in the rhesus monkey (ED50 = 0.21 mg/kg). Based on its desirable in vitro and in vivo properties, L-770,644 was chosen for further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Shih
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Paquette LA, Shih TL, Zeng Q, Hofferberth JE. Synthesis of stereodefined Z-vinyl iodides from carbohydrates as a prelude to C/D ring assembly in taxanes. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Paquette LA, Wang HL, Zeng Q, Shih TL. Heteroatomic Modulation of Oxyanionic Cope Rearrangement Rates. Consequences on Competing Nucleophilic Cleavage of an Oxetane Ring in Precursors to Paclitaxel. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981059f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo A. Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Qingbei Zeng
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Abstract
Tuckolide (decarestrictine D), a 10-membered lactone isolated from P. corylophilum and polyporus tuberaster fungi that potently inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, was synthesized. The key steps include a Sharpless catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction (AD) of the methoxymethyl (MOM) ether protected diene 2 and a direct Corey-Nicolaou lactonization reaction of seco-acid 1with added silver perchlorate. The selectivity of the dihydroxylation step was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the protecting group adjacent to the diene in 2. The selectivity of the asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction of 2 indicates that both steric and electronic effects can lead to significant amounts of the undesired isomers. This synthesis establishes the absolute stereochemistry of tuckolide showing the C3 hydroxyl bearing carbon with an S-configuration comparable in an absolute sense to that in the lactone portion of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor compactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merritt B. Andrus
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Li C, Shih TL, Jeong JU, Arasappan A, Fuchs P. The use of tetramethylguanidinium azide in non-halogenated solvents avoids potential explosion hazards. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Johnson SC, Dahl J, Shih TL, Schedler DJ, Anderson L, Benjamin TL, Baker DC. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-modified 1D-myo-inositols as inhibitors and substrates of phosphatidylinositol synthase and inhibitors of myo-inositol uptake by cells. J Med Chem 1993; 36:3628-35. [PMID: 8246231 DOI: 10.1021/jm00075a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of 3-substituted 1D-myo-inositols were synthesized and evaluated as substrates for phosphatidylinositol synthase and uptake by intact cells. 1D-3-Amino-, -3-chloro-, and -3-(acetylthio)-3-deoxy-myo-inositols were all synthesized by nucleophilic displacement of the 6-O-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl group of 1L-1,2:3,4-di-O-cyclohexylidene-5-O-methyl-6-O-[(trifluoromethyl)-sulfon yl] - chiro-inositol (which was prepared from L-quebrachitol), respectively, by reaction with LiN3, followed by reduction of the azido function, and with LiCl and KSAc to give the O-protected compounds. O-Demethylation using BBr3 and concomitant acetal hydrolysis furnished the free-hydroxy 3-amino- and 3-chloro-3-deoxy-1D-myo-inositols. The 3-mercapto analogue was obtained by removal of the acetal groups of the acetylthio analogue, followed by acetylation and purification of the peracetate, and subsequent O-demethylation and deacetylation. The 3-deoxy derivative was synthesized from the 6-O-(imidazol-1-ylthiocarbonyl) compound via Barton-McCombie deoxygenation. The 3-azido derivative was directly synthesized from 1L-1-O-tosyl-chiro-inositol via displacement with azide. The 3-keto analogue was prepared by Pt-catalyzed air oxidation of 1L-chiro-inositol. The compounds were all evaluated as substrates for phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthase from mouse brain. The 3-NH2, 3-F, 3-deoxy, and 3-keto analogues all showed activity as substrates, as measured by liberation of cytidine monophosphate. These compounds also showed inhibition of the reaction of myo-[3H]inositol with PtdIns synthase. These results taken together indicate that these compounds are likely to be incorporated into phospholipids. As a further indication that these compounds might be useful as probes for the PtdIns pathway, it was demonstrated that the 3-NH2, 3-F, and 3-deoxy compounds are taken up by intact fibroblast cells as evidenced by their competing with myo-[3H]inositol uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1600
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