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Huang C, Zhao S, Chen R, Johansson E, Aqeel M, Klement U, Andersson AM, Taher M, Palermo V, Sun J. Binder assisted graphene derivatives as lubricants in copper: Improved tribological performance for industrial application. iScience 2024; 27:109429. [PMID: 38562522 PMCID: PMC10982548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Originally derived from graphite, high-quality single-layer graphene is an excellent anti-wear and -friction additive in metal matrix. Here, the tribological performance of 3 different commercialized graphene derivatives (e.g., graphene oxide [GO], reduced graphene oxide [RGO], and graphene nanoplatelet [GNP]) as additives in a Cu matrix, were investigated from an industrial perspective. To increase the interaction of graphene derivatives with Cu particles, and addressing the aggregation problem of the graphene derivatives, different binders (polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] and cellulose nanocrystals [CNC]) were introduced into the system. Benefiting from such a strategy, a uniform distribution of the graphene derivatives in Cu matrix was achieved with graphene loading up to 5 wt %. After high-temperature sintering, the graphene is preserved and well distributed in the Cu matrix. It was found that the GNP-containing sample shows the most stable friction coefficient behavior. However, GO and RGO also improve the tribological performance of Cu under different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Huang
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Su Zhao
- ABB AB, Corporate Research, 721 78 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Muhammad Aqeel
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Uta Klement
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Mamoun Taher
- Graphmatech AB, Mältargatan 17, 753 18 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jinhua Sun
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Tolvanen S, Pederson R, Klement U. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Welds Produced with Different Processes. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:782. [PMID: 38399033 PMCID: PMC10890074 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The effect of defects and microstructure on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V welds produced by tungsten inert gas welding; plasma arc welding; electron beam welding; and laser beam welding was studied in the present work. The mechanical properties of different weld types were evaluated with respect to micro hardness; yield strength; ultimate tensile strength; ductility; and fatigue at room temperature and at elevated temperatures (200 °C and 250 °C). Metallographic investigation was carried out to characterize the microstructures of different weld types, and fractographic investigation was conducted to relate the effect of defects on fatigue performance. Electron and laser beam welding produced welds with finer microstructure, higher tensile ductility, and better fatigue performance than tungsten inert gas welding and plasma arc welding. Large pores, and pores located close to the specimen surface, were found to be most detrimental to fatigue life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Tolvanen
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; (S.T.); (U.K.)
| | - Robert Pederson
- Department of Engineering Science, University West, SE-46186 Trollhattan, Sweden
| | - Uta Klement
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; (S.T.); (U.K.)
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Sun J, Martinsen KH, Klement U, Kovtun A, Xia Z, Silva PF, Hryha E, Nyborg L, Palermo V. Controllable Coating Graphene Oxide and Silanes on Cu Particles as Dual Protection for Anticorrosion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:38857-38866. [PMID: 37550051 PMCID: PMC10436246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Although two-dimensional nanosheets like graphene could be ideal atomic coatings to prevent corrosion, it is still controversial whether they are actually effective due to the presence of parasitic effects such as galvanic corrosion. Here, we reported a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) coating strategy to protect sintered Cu metal powders from corrosion by addressing the common galvanic corrosion issue of graphene. A layer of silane molecules, namely, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), is deposited between the surface of Cu particles and the graphene oxide (GO), acting as a primer to enhance adhesion and as an insulating interlayer to prevent the direct contact of the Cu with conductive RGO, mitigating the galvanic corrosion. Due to this core-shell coating, the RGO uniformly distributes in the Cu matrix after sintering, avoiding aggregation of RGO, which takes place in conventional GO-Cu composites. The dual coating of GO and silane results in bulk samples with improved anticorrosion properties, as demonstrated by galvanostatic polarization tests using Tafel analysis. Our development not only provides an efficient synthesis method to controllably coat GO on the surface of Cu but also suggests an alternative strategy to avoid the galvanic corrosion effect of graphene to improve the anticorrosion performance of metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Harr Martinsen
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Uta Klement
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), CNR, via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Zhenyuan Xia
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | | | - Eduard Hryha
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyborg
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Department
of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), CNR, via Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
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Sanchez JS, Xia Z, Patil N, Grieco R, Sun J, Klement U, Qiu R, Christian M, Liscio F, Morandi V, Marcilla R, Palermo V. All-Electrochemical Nanofabrication of Stacked Ternary Metal Sulfide/Graphene Electrodes for High-Performance Alkaline Batteries. Small 2022; 18:e2106403. [PMID: 35274455 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy-storage materials can be assembled directly on the electrodes of a battery using electrochemical methods, this allowing sequential deposition, high structural control, and low cost. Here, a two-step approach combining electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and cathodic electrodeposition (CED) is demonstrated to fabricate multilayer hierarchical electrodes of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and mixed transition metal sulfides (NiCoMnSx ). The process is performed directly on conductive electrodes applying a small electric bias to electro-deposit rGO and NiCoMnSx in alternated cycles, yielding an ideal porous network and a continuous path for transport of ions and electrons. A fully rechargeable alkaline battery (RAB) assembled with such electrodes gives maximum energy density of 97.2 Wh kg-1 and maximum power density of 3.1 kW kg-1 , calculated on the total mass of active materials, and outstanding cycling stability (retention 72% after 7000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g-1 ). When the total electrode mass of the cell is considered, the authors achieve an unprecedented gravimetric energy density of 68.5 Wh kg-1 , sevenfold higher than that of typical commercial supercapacitors, higher than that of Ni/Cd or lead-acid Batteries and similar to Ni-MH Batteries. The approach can be used to assemble multilayer composite structures on arbitrary electrode shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Sanchez
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41258, Sweden
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, 28935, Spain
| | - Zhenyuan Xia
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41258, Sweden
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Nagaraj Patil
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, 28935, Spain
| | - Rebecca Grieco
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, 28935, Spain
| | - Jinhua Sun
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41258, Sweden
| | - Uta Klement
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41258, Sweden
| | - Ren Qiu
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41258, Sweden
| | - Meganne Christian
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Fabiola Liscio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Vittorio Morandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, 28935, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41258, Sweden
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Bologna, 40129, Italy
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Goel S, Bourreau K, Olsson J, Klement U, Joshi S. Can Appropriate Thermal Post-Treatment Make Defect Content in as-Built Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 Irrelevant? Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13030536. [PMID: 31979203 PMCID: PMC7040732 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electron beam melting (EBM) is gaining rapid popularity for production of complex customized parts. For strategic applications involving materials like superalloys (e.g., Alloy 718), post-treatments including hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) to eliminate defects, and solutionizing and aging to achieve the desired phase constitution are often practiced. The present study specifically explores the ability of the combination of the above post-treatments to render the as-built defect content in EBM Alloy 718 irrelevant. Results show that HIPing can reduce defect content from as high as 17% in as-built samples (intentionally generated employing increased processing speeds in this illustrative proof-of-concept study) to <0.3%, with the small amount of remnant defects being mainly associated with oxide inclusions. The subsequent solution and aging treatments are also found to yield virtually identical phase distribution and hardness values in samples with vastly varying as-built defect contents. This can have considerable implications in contributing to minimizing elaborate process optimization efforts as well as slightly enhancing production speeds to promote industrialization of EBM for applications that demand the above post-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Goel
- Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan 46186, Sweden (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kévin Bourreau
- Specialty Materials, University of Limoges, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Jonas Olsson
- Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan 46186, Sweden (S.J.)
| | - Uta Klement
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Shrikant Joshi
- Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan 46186, Sweden (S.J.)
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Nicolenco A, Mulone A, Imaz N, Tsyntsaru N, Sort J, Pellicer E, Klement U, Cesiulis H, García-Lecina E. Nanocrystalline Electrodeposited Fe-W/Al 2O 3 Composites: Effect of Alumina Sub-microparticles on the Mechanical, Tribological, and Corrosion Properties. Front Chem 2019; 7:241. [PMID: 31041307 PMCID: PMC6476963 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, nanocrystalline Fe-W alloy and Fe-W/Al2O3 composite coatings with various contents of sub-microsized alumina particles have been obtained by electrodeposition from an environmentally friendly Fe(III)-based electrolyte with the aim to produce a novel corrosion and wear resistant material. The increase in volume fraction of Al2O3 in deposits from 2 to 12% leads to the grain refinement effect, so that the structure of the coatings change from nanocrystalline to amorphous-like with grain sizes below 20 nm. Nevertheless, the addition of particles to the Fe-W matrix does not prevent the development of a columnar structure revealed for all the types of studied coatings. The observed reduction in both hardness and elastic modulus of the Fe-W/Al2O3 composites is attributed to the apparent grain size refinement/amorphization and the nanoporosity surrounding the embedded Al2O3 particles. In the presence of 12 vol% of Al2O3 in deposits, the wear rate decreases by a factor of 10 as compared to Fe-W alloy tested under dry friction conditions due to the lowering of tribo-oxidation. The addition of alumina particles slightly increases the corrosion resistance of the coatings; however, the corrosion in neutral chloride solution occurs through the preferential dissolution of Fe from the matrix. The obtained results provide a possibility to integrate the nanocrystalline Fe-W/Al2O3 composite coatings into various systems working under dry friction conditions, for example, in high-temperature vacuum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliona Nicolenco
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Antonio Mulone
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Natalia Tsyntsaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Applied Physics, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uta Klement
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrikas Cesiulis
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Klement U. Crystal structure of di-μ-chloro-bis(2-phenyl-pyridinato-C2,N′-palladium(II)),((C 11H 8N)PdCl) 2. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stückl AC, Klement U, Range KJ. Crystal structure of chloro(diethylsulfido)-((2′-thienyl)pyridinato-N,C3′)platinum(II),PtClS(C 2H 5) 2(C 5H 4N)(C 4H 2S). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of N-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-phenyl-benzamide,(C 6H 5)CN(C 6H 5)OCH(CF 3)(C 6H 4OH). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of 3-bromo-2,6- dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylthiobenzamide, (C 6H 2)Br(OCH 3) 2CSN(CH 3) 2. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of pentacarbonyl-4-methyl-pyridine- tungsten(0), W(CO)5(NC5H4)CH3. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of neodymium tetracyano-palladate(II) 12-hydrate, Nd2(Pd(CN)4)3(H2O)12. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stückl AC, Klement U, Range KJ. Crystal structure of (biphenylato-C2,C2′)-((4,4′-dimethyl)bipyridine-N,N′)platinum(II)dichloromethane, (C12H8)Pt(C10H6N2(CH3)2)CH2Cl2. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stückl AC, Klement U, Range KJ. Crystal structure of (biphenylato-C2,C2′)-(bipyridine-N,N′)palladium(II),(C12H8)Pd(C10N2H8). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stückl AC, Klement U, Range KJ. Crystal structure of (biphenylato-C2,C2′)-((4,4′-dichloro)bipyridine-N,N′)platinum(II),(C12H8)Pt(C10H6N2Cl2). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of exo-6-methoxy-1-(4-pyridyl)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro- 1Η-cyclo-propa[a]naphthalene, CH 3O(C 10H 9)CH(C 5H 4N). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Range KJ, Gietl A, Klement U, Lange KG. Crystal structure of thulium oxide sulfide (2/2/1), Tm2O2S. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of europium tetracyano-palladate(II) 12-hydrate, Eu2(Pd(CN)4)3(H2O)12. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of pentacarbonyl-pyridine-tungsten (0), W(CO) 5(NC 5H 5). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2015. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.208.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Range KJ, Klement U, Döll G, Bucher E, Baumann JR. Notizen: The Crystal Structure of MnIn2Se4, a Ternary Layered Semiconductor. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1991-0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of MnIn2Se4 have been grown by the chemical vapour phase transport technique using AlCl3 as the transporting agent. The structure was refined to R = 0.064, Rw, = 0.059 for 609 reflections. MnIn2Se4 (R 3̄m, hexagonal axes a = 4.051(1), c = 39.464(2) Å, c/a = 9.74, Z = 3) crystallizes with a nearly close-packed layered structure (sequence of the Se layers ABCA|CABC|BCAB) with Moct (= 0.56 Mn + 0.44 In) in octahedral coordination (Moct,–Se = 6 × 2.721(1) A) and Mtet (= 0.78 In + 0.22 Mn) in tetrahedral coordination (Mtet-Se = 1 × 2.527(2) and 3 × 2.593(1) Å). The overall layer sequences is ΑβΒαCyA| Cα AγBβC| BγCβAα B.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.-J. Range
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany
| | - U. Klement
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Döll
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-7750 Konstanz, Germany
| | - E. Bucher
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-7750 Konstanz, Germany
| | - J. R. Baumann
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-7750 Konstanz, Germany
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Persson H, Yao Y, Klement U, Rychwalski RW. A simple way of improving graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) for their incorporation into a polymer matrix. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Investigation of thermal stability of two nanocrystalline Co-P alloys shows that P atoms segregate to the grain boundaries upon annealing until precipitation of Co(2)P and CoP precipitates takes place. The P-rich precipitates formed have been investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy to obtain statistical results of precipitate size, volume fraction and spatial distribution. Electron spectroscopic imaging maps show that the P-rich precipitates are 33 +/- 9 nm in Co-1.1at.%P and 33 +/- 12 nm in Co-3.2at.%P. The main differences between the alloys are the precipitate size distribution (Co-3.2at.%P having broader distribution) and precipitate volume number density (Co-3.2at.%P has 1.8 times more precipitates than Co-1.1at.%P). The volume fraction of precipitates is 3.0% in Co-1.1at.%P and 4.4% in Co-1.1at.%P. Most of the precipitates are of nearly spherical or slightly elongated shape, and only a few have a platelet-like shape as expected from previous tomographic atom probe measurements. Due to the truncation and projection effects, the composition of the precipitates could not be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M da Silva
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Hörsalsvägen 7, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Wallin M, Cruise N, Klement U, Palmqvist A, Skoglundh M. Preparation of Mn, Fe and Co based perovskite catalysts using microemulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
A sample of WC-6wt%Co was investigated for grain boundary character distribution and occurrence of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries on a statistical basis. For this purpose orientation measurements of the grains were carried out using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The dominant misorientation relationships were determined by complementary EBSD data representation tools such as orientation maps, misorientation angle distribution histograms and the sectioned three-dimensional misorientation space. It was found that the grain boundary character distribution of the material is nearly random and the CSL boundaries are not present in statistically significant amounts. It was also found that the amount of binder phase does not play a role in the formation of special boundaries. The paper focuses on the methodology of characterizing grain boundaries in a hexagonal material using EBSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Farooq
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
The emotional and relationship problems associated with MS have not always been fully appreciated by the medical profession, which has tended to concentrate on the physical aspects of this disease. Yet the psychological problems of MS often cause more suffering than physical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kesselring
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Centre, 7317 Valens, Switzerland.
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Klement U, Range KJ. Crystal structure of [meso-1.2-bis(2-chloro-6-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl) ethylenediamine](sulfinylbismethyl-,S)sulfatoplatinum(n), (HOClFC6H2)2(CHNH2)2Pt(SO4)(SO(CH3)2)3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 1998. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.1998.213.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gust R, Schönenberger H, Klement U, Range KJ. Aqua[1-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2- phenylethylenediamine]sulfatoplatinum(II) complexes with variable substituents in the 2-phenyl ring, II: Correlation of molecular structure and estrogenic activity of breast and prostate cancer inhibiting. [erythro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-halo-4- hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]platinum(II) complexes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1993; 326:967-76. [PMID: 8122966 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19933261211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Complete three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure analyses of estrogenic [erythro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-halo-4- hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine]diiodoplatinum(II) complexes (halo = fluoro:erythro-8PtI2 and halo = chloro:erythro-9-PtI2) which were synthesized for application in breast and prostate cancer, have been carried out. 6239 as well as 6521 reflexes were measured and refined to an R-value of 0.105 and 0.066, respectively. The molecules of erythro-8-PtI2 are displaced laterally from a possible Pt-Pt-axis separated, alternatingly, by Pt-Pt-distances of 3.62 A and 6.27 A. A comparable structure possesses erythro-9-PtI2 with Pt-Pt-distances of 3.59 A and 6.32 A. The ethylenediamine ligands of erythro-8-PtI2 and erythro-9-PtI2 are puckered and exist in half chair conformations. For both complexes the 2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl ring is equatorially arranged, while the 2-halo-4-hydroxyphenyl ring is nearly perpendicular to the N-Pt-N plane. The O-O-distance between the phenolic oxygens amounts to 8.1 A in erythro-8-PtI2 and to 7.8 A in erythro-9-PtI2. Though these O-O-distances differ strongly from that (12.1 A), which is considered to be necessary for the binding of an estrogen to its receptor, [1-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)- 2-(2-halo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine)]platinum(II) complexes show estrogenic effects which are, however, strongly reduced compared to that of therapeutically used estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. The relationship between molecular structure and estrogenicity as well as the significance of the latter for antitumor activity and untoward side effects are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gust
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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Range KJ, Meister W, Klement U. Crystal structure of sodium ytterbium(III) disulfide, NaYbS 2. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 1993. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.207.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klement U. Crystal structure of 1,2,4-trichloro-3,7,7-trimethoxy-5-phenyl-bicyclo(2,2,1 )-hept-2-ene, C 7H 3Cl 3(OCH 3) 3(C 6H 5). Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 1993. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1993.203.12.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Divjaković V, Miljković D, Lajšić S, Klement U. Structure of 4,5-di-O-acetyl-6-S-acetyl-2,3-di-S-ethyl-2,3,6-trithio-D-allose diethyl dithioacetal. Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270192000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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