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Besag FM, Vasey MJ, Lao KS, Chowdhury U, Stern JS. Pharmacological treatment for Tourette syndrome in children and adults: What is the quality of the evidence? A systematic review. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1037-1061. [PMID: 34286606 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211032445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by involuntary muscle movements manifesting as motor and vocal tics. In the majority, tics are manageable without medication. Where tics cause discomfort or impair function, behavioural or pharmaceutical treatments may be considered. AIMS To provide a meticulous examination of the quality of evidence for the current pharmacological treatments for TS. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of aripiprazole, risperidone, clonidine, guanfacine, haloperidol, pimozide, tiapride and sulpiride for the treatment of tics in children and adults with TS. Quality of reporting and risk of bias were assessed against the CONSORT checklist and Cochrane risk of bias criteria, respectively. RESULTS Seventeen RCTs were identified. Response rates reached 88.6% for aripiprazole, 68.9% for clonidine, 62.5% for risperidone and 19% for guanfacine. Statistically significant improvements were reported for all medications compared to placebo in at least one study and for at least one measure of tic severity. Most studies predated the CONSORT and Cochrane criteria and did not score highly when assessed on these measures. CONCLUSIONS There are relatively few placebo-controlled trials of commonly prescribed medications. Studies are often of poor quality and short duration. There is evidence for the efficacy of each medication, but no drug is clearly superior. Clonidine and guanfacine are better tolerated than antipsychotics, but less effective. There is too little evidence to determine whether adults respond differently from children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mc Besag
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Bedford, UK.,University College London, London, UK.,King's College London, UK
| | | | - Kim Sj Lao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Uttom Chowdhury
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Jeremy S Stern
- St George's Hospital Neurology, London, UK.,Tourettes Action, Farnborough, Hampshire, UK
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2
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Han G, Chowdhury U, Eriten M, Henak CR. Relaxation capacity of cartilage is a critical factor in rate- and integrity-dependent fracture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9527. [PMID: 33947908 PMCID: PMC8096812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage heals poorly but experiences mechanically induced damage across a broad range of loading rates and matrix integrity. Because loading rates and matrix integrity affect cartilage mechanical responses due to poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms, their effects on cartilage failure are important for assessing and preventing failure. This paper investigated rate- and integrity-dependent crack nucleation in cartilage from pre- to post-relaxation timescales. Rate-dependent crack nucleation and relaxation responses were obtained as a function of matrix integrity through microindentation. Total work for crack nucleation increased with decreased matrix integrity, and with decreased loading rates. Critical energy release rate of intact cartilage was estimated as 2.39 ± 1.39 to 2.48 ± 1.26 kJ m-2 in a pre-relaxation timescale. These findings showed that crack nucleation is delayed when cartilage can accommodate localized loading through poroviscoelastic relaxation mechanisms before fracture at a given loading rate and integrity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - U Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - M Eriten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - C R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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3
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Amole C, Ardid M, Arnquist I, Asner D, Baxter D, Behnke E, Bressler M, Broerman B, Cao G, Chen C, Chowdhury U, Clark K, Collar J, Cooper P, Coutu C, Cowles C, Crisler M, Crowder G, Cruz-Venegas N, Dahl C, Das M, Fallows S, Farine J, Felis I, Filgas R, Girard F, Giroux G, Hall J, Hardy C, Harris O, Hillier T, Hoppe E, Jackson C, Jin M, Klopfenstein L, Kozynets T, Krauss C, Laurin M, Lawson I, Leblanc A, Levine I, Licciardi C, Lippincott W, Loer B, Mamedov F, Mitra P, Moore C, Nania T, Neilson R, Noble A, Oedekerk P, Ortega A, Piro MC, Plante A, Podviyanuk R, Priya S, Robinson A, Sahoo S, Scallon O, Seth S, Sonnenschein A, Starinski N, Štekl I, Sullivan T, Tardif F, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Walkowski N, Weima E, Wichoski U, Wierman K, Yan Y, Zacek V, Zhang J. Dark matter search results from the complete exposure of the PICO-60
C3F8
bubble chamber. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Aims and Method
Young people attending the Maudsley obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) children's clinic had expressed an interest in meeting other similar young people with OCD. A group was set up comprising 6-weekly sessions focusing on psycho-education and support.
Results
Seven young people (mean age: 14 years 4 months; age range: 11 years 11 months to 16 years 6 months) took part. Feedback questionnaires showed that all the participants found the group helpful and enjoy-able. They felt less isolated and more confident about dealing with OCD.
Clinical Implications
Establishment of groups may be a valuable way of increasing awareness and knowledge on aspects of OCD, as well as providing much-needed psycho-social support to patients.
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Murphy SM, Chowdhury U, White SW, Reynolds L, Donald L, Gahan H, Iqbal Z, Kulkarni M, Scrivener L, Shaker-Naeeni H, Press DA. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Versus a Counselling Intervention for Anxiety in Young People with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3446-3457. [PMID: 28770527 PMCID: PMC5633643 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) as a treatment for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been explored in a number of trials. Whilst CBT appears superior to no treatment or treatment as usual, few studies have assessed CBT against a control group receiving an alternative therapy. Our randomised controlled trial compared use of CBT against person-centred counselling for anxiety in 36 young people with ASD, ages 12-18. Outcome measures included parent- teacher- and self-reports of anxiety and social disability. Whilst each therapy produced improvements in participants, neither therapy was superior to the other to a significant degree on any measure. This is consistent with findings for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Murphy
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Uttom Chowdhury
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton University, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Louisa Donald
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Hilary Gahan
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Zeinab Iqbal
- Huntercombe Hospital, Buxton, Norwich, NR10 5RH, UK
| | - Mahesh Kulkarni
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Louise Scrivener
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Hadi Shaker-Naeeni
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Dee A Press
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
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Amole C, Ardid M, Arnquist IJ, Asner DM, Baxter D, Behnke E, Bhattacharjee P, Borsodi H, Bou-Cabo M, Campion P, Cao G, Chen CJ, Chowdhury U, Clark K, Collar JI, Cooper PS, Crisler M, Crowder G, Dahl CE, Das M, Fallows S, Farine J, Felis I, Filgas R, Girard F, Giroux G, Hall J, Harris O, Hoppe EW, Jin M, Krauss CB, Laurin M, Lawson I, Leblanc A, Levine I, Lippincott WH, Mamedov F, Maurya D, Mitra P, Nania T, Neilson R, Noble AJ, Olson S, Ortega A, Plante A, Podviyanuk R, Priya S, Robinson AE, Roeder A, Rucinski R, Scallon O, Seth S, Sonnenschein A, Starinski N, Štekl I, Tardif F, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Wells J, Wichoski U, Yan Y, Zacek V, Zhang J. Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C_{3}F_{8} Bubble Chamber. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:251301. [PMID: 28696731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.251301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New results are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C_{3}F_{8} located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. As in previous PICO bubble chambers, PICO-60 C_{3}F_{8} exhibits excellent electron recoil and alpha decay rejection, and the observed multiple-scattering neutron rate indicates a single-scatter neutron background of less than one event per month. A blind analysis of an efficiency-corrected 1167-kg day exposure at a 3.3-keV thermodynamic threshold reveals no single-scattering nuclear recoil candidates, consistent with the predicted background. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.4×10^{-41} cm^{2} for a 30-GeV c^{-2} WIMP, more than 1 order of magnitude improvement from previous PICO results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amole
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ardid
- Departament de Física Aplicada, IGIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia 46730 Spain
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - D M Asner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - D Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Behnke
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - P Bhattacharjee
- Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - H Borsodi
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - M Bou-Cabo
- Departament de Física Aplicada, IGIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia 46730 Spain
| | - P Campion
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - G Cao
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C J Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - U Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - J I Collar
- Enrico Fermi Institute, KICP and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P S Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Crisler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Crowder
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C E Dahl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Das
- Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - S Fallows
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Farine
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - I Felis
- Departament de Física Aplicada, IGIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Gandia 46730 Spain
| | - R Filgas
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Cz-12800, Czech Republic
| | - F Girard
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G Giroux
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - O Harris
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
- Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois 60625, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - C B Krauss
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Laurin
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - I Lawson
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - A Leblanc
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - I Levine
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Mamedov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Cz-12800, Czech Republic
| | - D Maurya
- Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Material and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - P Mitra
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - T Nania
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - R Neilson
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A J Noble
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Olson
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Ortega
- Enrico Fermi Institute, KICP and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Plante
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - R Podviyanuk
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Priya
- Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Material and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Roeder
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - R Rucinski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Scallon
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Seth
- Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Starinski
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - I Štekl
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Cz-12800, Czech Republic
| | - F Tardif
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Vázquez-Jáuregui
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F. 01000, Mexico
| | - J Wells
- Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
| | - U Wichoski
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Y Yan
- Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Material and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - V Zacek
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Takon I, Rickards H, Chowdhury U, Sharma S. ‘I GET THIS FEELING LIKE GRAPES BUBBLING THROUGH AND I TRY HARD TO PRESS THEM IN’. A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF PREMONITORY URGES IN CHILDREN WITH TIC DISORDERS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311750.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lennarz A, Grossheim A, Leach KG, Alanssari M, Brunner T, Chaudhuri A, Chowdhury U, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Gallant AT, Holl M, Kwiatkowski AA, Lassen J, Macdonald TD, Schultz BE, Seeraji S, Simon MC, Andreoiu C, Dilling J, Frekers D. In-trap spectroscopy of charge-bred radioactive ions. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:082502. [PMID: 25192092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we introduce the concept of in-trap nuclear decay spectroscopy of highly charged radioactive ions and describe its successful application as a novel spectroscopic tool. This is demonstrated by a measurement of the decay properties of radioactive mass A=124 ions (here, ^{124}In and ^{124}Cs) in the electron-beam ion trap of the TITAN facility at TRIUMF. By subjecting the trapped ions to an intense electron beam, the ions are charge bred to high charge states (i.e., equivalent to the removal of N-shell electrons), and an increase of storage times to the level of minutes without significant ion losses is achieved. The present technique opens the venue for precision spectroscopy of low branching ratios and is being developed in the context of measuring electron-capture branching ratios needed for determining the nuclear ground-state properties of the intermediate odd-odd nuclei in double-beta (ββ) decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lennarz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany and TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Grossheim
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K G Leach
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M Alanssari
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Brunner
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Chaudhuri
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - U Chowdhury
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - A T Gallant
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Holl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - J Lassen
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T D Macdonald
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B E Schultz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Seeraji
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M C Simon
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C Andreoiu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D Frekers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Gallant AT, Brodeur M, Andreoiu C, Bader A, Chaudhuri A, Chowdhury U, Grossheim A, Klawitter R, Kwiatkowski AA, Leach KG, Lennarz A, Macdonald TD, Schultz BE, Lassen J, Heggen H, Raeder S, Teigelhöfer A, Brown BA, Magilligan A, Holt JD, Menéndez J, Simonis J, Schwenk A, Dilling J. Breakdown of the isobaric multiplet mass equation for the A = 20 and 21 multiplets. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:082501. [PMID: 25192091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the Penning trap mass spectrometer TITAN, we performed the first direct mass measurements of (20,21)Mg, isotopes that are the most proton-rich members of the A = 20 and A = 21 isospin multiplets. These measurements were possible through the use of a unique ion-guide laser ion source, a development that suppressed isobaric contamination by 6 orders of magnitude. Compared to the latest atomic mass evaluation, we find that the mass of (21)Mg is in good agreement but that the mass of (20)Mg deviates by 3 σ. These measurements reduce the uncertainties in the masses of (20,21)Mg by 15 and 22 times, respectively, resulting in a significant departure from the expected behavior of the isobaric multiplet mass equation in both the A = 20 and A = 21 multiplets. This presents a challenge to shell model calculations using either the isospin nonconserving universal sd USDA and USDB Hamiltonians or isospin nonconserving interactions based on chiral two- and three-nucleon forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Gallant
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - M Brodeur
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - C Andreoiu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - A Bader
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and École des Mines de Nantes, La Chantrerie, 4, rue Alfred Kastler, B.P. 20722, F-44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - A Chaudhuri
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - U Chowdhury
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - A Grossheim
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - R Klawitter
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Kwiatkowski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - K G Leach
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - A Lennarz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T D Macdonald
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - B E Schultz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - J Lassen
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - H Heggen
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - S Raeder
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - A Teigelhöfer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - B A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1321, USA
| | - A Magilligan
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J D Holt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1321, USA and Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Menéndez
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Simonis
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Schwenk
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 Canada and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Chaudhuri A, Andreoiu C, Brunner T, Chowdhury U, Ettenauer S, Frekers D, Gallant A, Grossheim A, Gwinner G, Klawitter R, Kwiatkowski A, Leach K, Lennarz A, Lunney D, Macdonald TD, Schultz B, Seeraji S, Simon M, Simon V, Dilling AJ. Precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclides for nuclear structure studies at TITAN. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146602030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chater A, Stein S, Chowdhury U. Take note of the fuss: selective eating and autistic spectrum disorders. Community Pract 2012; 85:37-39. [PMID: 23304894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective eating in children can be a huge concern for parents. In most cases the problem is self-limiting and it can be associated with a developmental disorder. This article presents observations from two case studies from a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) in the south east of England that link selective eating with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). It concludes with recommendations to consider ASD, alongside dietetic advice, when a child is presenting with selective eating.
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Gallant AT, Bale JC, Brunner T, Chowdhury U, Ettenauer S, Lennarz A, Robertson D, Simon VV, Chaudhuri A, Holt JD, Kwiatkowski AA, Mané E, Menéndez J, Schultz BE, Simon MC, Andreoiu C, Delheij P, Pearson MR, Savajols H, Schwenk A, Dilling J. New precision mass measurements of neutron-rich calcium and potassium isotopes and three-nucleon forces. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:032506. [PMID: 22861844 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.032506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present precision Penning trap mass measurements of neutron-rich calcium and potassium isotopes in the vicinity of neutron number N=32. Using the TITAN system, the mass of 51K was measured for the first time, and the precision of the (51,52)Ca mass values were improved significantly. The new mass values show a dramatic increase of the binding energy compared to those reported in the atomic mass evaluation. In particular, 52Ca is more bound by 1.74 MeV, and the behavior with neutron number deviates substantially from the tabulated values. An increased binding was predicted recently based on calculations that include three-nucleon (3N) forces. We present a comparison to improved calculations, which agree remarkably with the evolution of masses with neutron number, making neutron-rich calcium isotopes an exciting region to probe 3N forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Gallant
- TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.
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Simon MC, Bale JC, Chowdhury U, Eberhardt B, Ettenauer S, Gallant AT, Jang F, Lennarz A, Luichtl M, Ma T, Robertson D, Simon VV, Andreoiu C, Brodeur M, Brunner T, Chaudhuri A, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Delheij P, Frekers D, Grossheim A, Gwinner G, Kwiatkowski AA, Lapierre A, Mané E, Pearson MR, Ringle R, Schultz BE, Dilling J. The on-line charge breeding program at TRIUMF's Ion Trap For Atomic and Nuclear Science for precision mass measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02A912. [PMID: 22380253 DOI: 10.1063/1.3673505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN) constitutes the only high precision mass measurement setup coupled to a rare isotope facility capable of increasing the charge state of short-lived nuclides prior to the actual mass determination in a Penning trap. Recent developments around TITAN's charge breeder, the electron beam ion trap, form the basis for several successful experiments on radioactive isotopes with half-lives as low as 65 ms and in charge states as high as 22+.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.
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Ettenauer S, Simon MC, Gallant AT, Brunner T, Chowdhury U, Simon VV, Brodeur M, Chaudhuri A, Mané E, Andreoiu C, Audi G, López-Urrutia JRC, Delheij P, Gwinner G, Lapierre A, Lunney D, Pearson MR, Ringle R, Ullrich J, Dilling J. First use of high charge states for mass measurements of short-lived nuclides in a Penning trap. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:272501. [PMID: 22243307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.272501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Penning trap mass measurements of short-lived nuclides have been performed for the first time with highly charged ions, using the TITAN facility at TRIUMF. Compared to singly charged ions, this provides an improvement in experimental precision that scales with the charge state q. Neutron-deficient Rb isotopes have been charge bred in an electron beam ion trap to q=8-12+ prior to injection into the Penning trap. In combination with the Ramsey excitation scheme, this unique setup creating low energy, highly charged ions at a radioactive beam facility opens the door to unrivaled precision with gains of 1-2 orders of magnitude. The method is particularly suited for short-lived nuclides such as the superallowed β emitter 74Rb (T(1/2)=65 ms). The determination of its atomic mass and an improved Q(EC) value are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Chowdhury U, Pancha A. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Community Pract 2011; 84:33-35. [PMID: 22220363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome defined by the intrusive re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance of reminders of the trauma and increased hyperarousal. Although the condition is well established in adults, there is little research into PTSD in children and adolescents. The available research shows that young people experience similar symptoms to adults. Risk factors include family dysfunction, peer problems, greater exposure to the trauma and the presence of pre-existing psychiatric disorder such as anxiety. Protective factors include good coping skills, good relationship with a parent and support from others in the community. This article reviews treatment approaches to PTSD in young people in particular the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
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Mandy W, Chilvers R, Chowdhury U, Salter G, Seigal A, Skuse D. Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from a Large Sample of Children and Adolescents. J Autism Dev Disord 2011; 42:1304-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chilvers R, Stein S, Chowdhury U. Tourette's: 20 CAMHS cases. Community Pract 2010; 83:38-39. [PMID: 20722331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chilvers
- Institute of Child Health and Bedfordshire and Luton Community NHS Trust
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Marsden A, Chowdhury U. Child and adolescent OCD. Community Pract 2009; 82:42-44. [PMID: 19950690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Marsden
- Bedfordshire and Luton Mental Health and Social Care Partnership Trust
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Seshadri M, Stein S, Chowdhury U. The spectrum of tic disorders (2). Community Pract 2007; 80:40, 42. [PMID: 17455576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Seshadri
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Bedfordshire and Luton Mental Health and Social Care Partnership NHS trust
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Seshadri M, Stein S, Chowdhury U. The spectrum of tic disorders (1). Community Pract 2007; 80:40, 42. [PMID: 17378295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Seshadri
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Bedfordshire and Luton Mental Health and Social Care Partnership NHS trust
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Jones A, Cork C, Chowdhury U. Autistic spectrum disorders 2: diagnosis and management. Community Pract 2006; 79:128-30. [PMID: 16634517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As many as six in every 1000 children may be affected by an autistic spectrum disorder. The previous article of this two-part series discussed the distinction between autism, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder, and examined the assessment process. This article looks at potential differential diagnoses that must be considered, as well as conditions associated with autism. Many theories about the causes of autism have been suggested, including the MMR vaccine. Recent research has suggested that there is no link between the vaccine and autism. There is no cure for autism, but intervention and management techniques should be aimed at educating parents and carers about the disorder and behavioural interventions to aid the child's skills development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jones
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Jones A, Cork C, Chowdhury U. Autistic spectrum disorders. 1: Presentation and assessment. Community Pract 2006; 79:97-8. [PMID: 16553084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As many as six in every 1000 children may be affected by an autistic spectrum disorder. Characterised by a triad of social communication difficulties, these children exhibit impairment in communication and socialisation, and restricted and repetitive interests, movements and activities. This article will discuss the distinction between autism, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. Assessment should include a history of the child's development, observation, school report and a profile of the child's strengths and weaknesses. However, it is important that potential differential diagnoses as well as conditions associated with autism are also considered. Differential diagnoses, management and possible causes of autistic spectrum disorders will be discussed in more detail in next month's Clinical Updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jones
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies in early-onset anorexia nervosa provide evidence of limbic system dysfunction. The current study adds support to the possibility by revealing a significant association between unilateral reduction of blood flow in the temporal region and impaired visuospatial ability, impaired visual memory, and enhanced speed of information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Lask
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
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Shah M, Cork C, Chowdhury U. ADHD: assessment and intervention. Community Pract 2005; 78:129-32. [PMID: 15875600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood. Although there is a lot of debate and controversy over the recognition of ADHD, it is generally accepted nowadays as a clinical disorder that may warrant treatment Children with ADHD are pervasively overactive, fidgety and disruptive. They have impaired attention and concentration and are impulsive. These symptoms have serious implications for the child's relationships with parents, siblings and peers. It is important that community practitioners, school nurses, health visitors and other health professionals are able to recognise the condition and be able to make an informed clinical assessment and refer and manage accordingly. The assessment should include a clear history from parents, a school report and an individual interview with the child. An assessment of parental management is essential to avoid the child being wrongly diagnosed with the condition. The successful intervention should be aimed at educating the child and family about the disorder and psychosocial interventions that may help the family and school cope with the child. In some cases introduction of medication may be necessary.
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Skuse D, Warrington R, Bishop D, Chowdhury U, Lau J, Mandy W, Place M. The developmental, dimensional and diagnostic interview (3di): a novel computerized assessment for autism spectrum disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 43:548-58. [PMID: 15100561 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200405000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism is a diagnostic spectrum of variable severity, with significant comorbidity. No existing standardized interview measures autistic features dimensionally. The authors aimed to develop a parental autism interview that could be administered to unselected clinical and general population samples that measures both symptom intensity and comorbidity across the full range of the autistic spectrum. METHOD A computerized procedure was devised for administration by trained interviewers that generates symptom and diagnostic profiles for both autism and non-autistic conditions. Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability were assessed in unselected clinical (n = 50) and nonclinical (n = 30) populations. Concurrent validity (n = 120), discriminant validity (n = 120), and criterion validity (n = 29) were evaluated in autistic spectrum and non-autistic patients. RESULTS Test-retest and interrater reliabilities were excellent (most intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.9). Concurrent validity (agreement with independent clinician formulation) was very good (mean kappa = 0.74). Criterion validity, a comparison with the Autism Diagnostic Interview, was excellent. Discrimination between autistic spectrum versus non-autistic subjects was almost perfect (sensitivity 1.0; specificity > 0.97). CONCLUSIONS The Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview (3di) provides an efficient and accurate means of assessing, in dimensional terms, the presence of autistic symptoms in both clinical and normal populations. It offers novel opportunities for those engaged in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Skuse
- Institute of Child Health, University College London.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study, part of a continuing effort to understand the pathophysiology of the brain in early-onset anorexia nervosa, attempts to validate findings from an earlier study of regional cerebral blood flow and to correlate any abnormalities in blood flow with eating disorder psychopathology. METHOD Fifteen newly referred children and adolescents with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) underwent regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) examination using single-photon computerized tomography (SPECT) and the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) for children. RESULTS Mean age was 14 years 11 months (SD = 1.35). Mean weight for height ratio was 82.79 % (SD = 10.66). SPECT findings showed that 11 (73%) had asymmetry (hypoperfusion) of blood flow in at least one area. Regions of the brain showing hypoperfusion included the temporal lobe (n = 9), parietal lobe (n = 5), frontal lobe (n = 3), thalamus (n = 3), and the caudate nuclei (n = 1). The median EDE subscale scores were high for all four subscales. Those patients with hypoperfusion had higher median EDE subscale scores than those without hypoperfusion, although the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Most patients in our study had abnormal rCBF, predominantly affecting the temporal lobe, confirming our previous findings. There was no association with the EDE scores. The findings support earlier suggestions of an imbalance in neural pathways or circuits, possibly within the limbic system. This hypothesis is considered within the context of current knowledge and suggestions made with regard to how it might be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttom Chowdhury
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
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Macdonald E, Chowdhury U, Dabney J, Wolpert M, Stein SM. A Social Skills Group for Children: The Importance of Liaison Work with Parents and Teachers. emot behav difficult 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/13632752030081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wong M, Chowdhury U, Collins C, Yang B, Denyszyn J, Kim K, Campbell J, Dupuis R. High Quantum Efficiency AlGaN/GaN Solar-Blind Photodetectors Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200111)188:1<333::aid-pssa333>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lamarre P, Hairston A, Tobin S, Wong K, Sood A, Reine M, Pophristic M, Birkham R, Ferguson I, Singh R, Eddy C, Chowdhury U, Wong M, Dupuis R, Kozodoy P, Tarsa E. AlGaN UV Focal Plane Arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200111)188:1<289::aid-pssa289>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Imaging studies have greatly improved the understanding of the pathology and physiology of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, affective disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. In the past few years, several neuroimaging studies have concentrated on patients with eating disorders. Although the number of studies is small compared with studies of other psychiatric disorders, the results are beginning to highlight potential areas in the brain that may lead to a better understanding of these disorders. Much research still is needed, and replication of results across centers is needed. The brain is an extremely complex organ; that eating disorders are a result of abnormalities in one specific area of the brain is unlikely. More likely is that several components of the brain have a role, including cortex and subcortical regions and involvement of several neurochemical pathways and circuits within the brain. Further studies are needed in this exciting development of research about eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Chowdhury
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
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Blaveri E, Kalsi G, Lawrence J, Quested D, Moorey H, Lamb G, Kohen D, Shiwach R, Chowdhury U, Curtis D, McQuillin A, Gramoustianou ES, Gurling HM. Genetic association studies of schizophrenia using the 8p21-22 genes: prepronociceptin (PNOC), neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptor alpha polypeptide 2 (CHRNA2) and arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1). Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:469-72. [PMID: 11436130 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2000] [Revised: 02/19/2001] [Accepted: 02/23/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common, genetically heterogeneous disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1% in the general population. Linkage studies of affected families have now strongly implicated a susceptibility locus on chromosome 8p21-22. Tests of allelic association with markers on 8p21-22 should be able to localise any quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN's) or susceptibility mutations to within a few hundred kilobases. Three brain expressed candidate susceptibility genes, prepronociceptin (PNOC), neuronal cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 2 (CHRNA2) and arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) have been mapped to chromosome 8p21-22. A case-control, allelic association study was performed using a novel highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat, D8S2611 near the PNOC gene, two previously characterised dinucleotide repeats, D8S131 and D8S131P at the CHRNA2 locus and an RFLP at the 3'UTR of the arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) gene. No differences were found in allele frequencies between the patient and control groups. DNA variations or mutations at or near the three genes under study are unlikely to increase susceptibility to schizophrenia in our population sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blaveri
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Windeyer Building, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1P 6DB, UK
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Kanno N, Glaser S, Chowdhury U, Phinizy JL, Baiocchi L, Francis H, LeSage G, Alpini G. Gastrin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth through increased apoptosis by activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C-alpha. J Hepatol 2001; 34:284-91. [PMID: 11281558 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)00025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We determined the role of gastrin in the regulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth. METHODS We evaluated for the functional presence of cholecystokinin (CCK)-B/gastrin receptors in the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1. We determined the effect of gastrin on the growth of Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1 cells. We evaluated the effect of gastrin on growth and apoptosis of Mz-ChA-1 in the absence or presence of inhibitors for CCK-A (L-364, 718) and CCK-B/gastrin (L-365, 260) receptors, the intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA/AM), and the protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha inhibitor, H7. We evaluated if gastrin effects on Mz-ChA-1 growth and apoptosis are associated with membrane translocation of PKC-alpha. RESULTS Gastrin inhibited DNA synthesis of Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The antiproliferative effect of gastrin on Mz-ChA-1 cells was inhibited by L-365, 260, H7 and BAPTA/AM but not L-364, 718. Gastrin induced membrane translocation of PKC-alpha. The inhibition of growth of Mz-ChA-1 cells by gastrin was associated with increased apoptosis through a PKC-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Gastrin inhibits the growth of Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1 cells. Gastrin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in Mz-ChA-1 cells through the Ca2+-dependent PKC-alpha. The data suggest a therapeutic role for gastrin in the modulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kanno
- Medical Physiology, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple 76504, USA
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Joos TO, Schrenk M, Höpfl P, Kröger K, Chowdhury U, Stoll D, Schörner D, Dürr M, Herick K, Rupp S, Sohn K, Hämmerle H. A microarray enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for autoimmune diagnostics. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:2641-50. [PMID: 10949141 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000701)21:13<2641::aid-elps2641>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to quantify autoantibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune disease, we have created a microarray-based immunoassay that allows the simultaneous analysis of 18 known autoantigens. The microarrays contain serial dilutions of the various antigens, thereby allowing accurate determination of autoantibody titer using minimal amounts of serum. The assay is very sensitive and highly specific: as little as 40 fg of a known protein standard can be detected with little or no cross-reactivity to nonspecific proteins. The signal intensities observed from serial dilutions of immobilized antigen correlate well with serial dilutions of autoimmune sera. Miniaturized and highly parallelized immunoassays like these will reduce costs by decreasing reagent consumption and improve efficiency by greatly increasing the number of assays that can be performed with a single serum sample. This system will significantly facilitate and accelerate the diagnostics of autoimmune diseases and can be adapted easily to any other kind of immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Joos
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
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Chowdhury U, Lask B. Neurological correlates of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disorders Rev 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0968(200003)8:2<126::aid-erv342>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pandit S, Biswas TK, Debnath PK, Saha AV, Chowdhury U, Shaw BP, Sen S, Mukherjee B. Chemical and pharmacological evaluation of different ayurvedic preparations of iron. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 65:149-156. [PMID: 10465655 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ayurvedic preparations of metallic iron commonly categorised as different 'putas' of 'Louha Bhasma' was chemically analysed and pharmacologically investigated in iron deficiency anemia. Atomic absorption spectral (AAS) study of different putas of Louha Bhasma revealed the presence of various proportions of important metals along with varied concentration of iron in it. The effect of a representative puta viz. 50 puta of Louha Bhasma in the management of agar gel diet and phlebotomy induced iron deficiency anemia in animal model was found to be statistically highly significant (P < 0.001) in comparison to the control and standard drug Fefol treated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pandit
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Inst. of Post-graduate Ayurvedic Education & Research, Calcutta, India
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Das T, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury U. A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with bone involvement. J Indian Med Assoc 1996; 94:152-153. [PMID: 8854635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Das
- Medical College, Calcutta
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John S, Ravikumar E, Jairaj PS, Chowdhury U, Krishnaswami S. Valve replacement in the young patient with rheumatic heart disease. Review of a twenty-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 99:631-8. [PMID: 2319783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During a 20-year period 303 young subjects between 9 and 20 years of age (mean, 16.2 +/- 2.72 years) with rapid and relentlessly progressive valvular disease from rheumatic fever underwent valve replacements. The Starr-Edwards ball valve prosthesis remains the device of choice, although other valves have been implanted. The overall hospital mortality rate was 9.6% in the mitral valve, 3.5% in the aortic valve, and 4.2% in the double valve replacement groups. Actuarial survival at 10, 15, and 20 years was 78.4% (+/- 3.3%), 70.0% (+/- 5.8%), and 59.3% (+/- 11.1%), respectively, for patients with mitral valve replacement. The rates for aortic valve replacement were 85.9% (+/- 4.6%) at 10 and 15 years and 72.7% (12.8%) at 20 years. In the double valve replacement group the survival rates after 5 and 10 years were 79.9% (+/- 5.1%). The incidence of thromboembolism was 0.41, 0.59, and 1.04 per 100 patient-years for the mitral, aortic, and double-valve prostheses, respectively. The prospect of childbearing seems promising in those young women who were subsequently married. Our favorable and gratifying experience in this review bears testimony to the physiologic advantages of the Starr-Edwards valve as the device of choice in the rehabilitation of patients with advanced and severe valvular disease after rheumatic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
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