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Blumcke I, Spreafico R, Haaker G, Coras R, Kobow K, Bien CG, Pfäfflin M, Elger C, Widman G, Schramm J, Becker A, Braun KP, Leijten F, Baayen JC, Aronica E, Chassoux F, Hamer H, Stefan H, Rössler K, Thom M, Walker MC, Sisodiya SM, Duncan JS, McEvoy AW, Pieper T, Holthausen H, Kudernatsch M, Meencke HJ, Kahane P, Schulze-Bonhage A, Zentner J, Heiland DH, Urbach H, Steinhoff BJ, Bast T, Tassi L, Lo Russo G, Özkara C, Oz B, Krsek P, Vogelgesang S, Runge U, Lerche H, Weber Y, Honavar M, Pimentel J, Arzimanoglou A, Ulate-Campos A, Noachtar S, Hartl E, Schijns O, Guerrini R, Barba C, Jacques TS, Cross JH, Feucht M, Mühlebner A, Grunwald T, Trinka E, Winkler PA, Gil-Nagel A, Toledano Delgado R, Mayer T, Lutz M, Zountsas B, Garganis K, Rosenow F, Hermsen A, von Oertzen TJ, Diepgen TL, Avanzini G. Histopathological Findings in Brain Tissue Obtained during Epilepsy Surgery. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1648-1656. [PMID: 29069555 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1703784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed neuropathological information on the structural brain lesions underlying seizures is valuable for understanding drug-resistant focal epilepsy. METHODS We report the diagnoses made on the basis of resected brain specimens from 9523 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant seizures in 36 centers from 12 European countries over 25 years. Histopathological diagnoses were determined through examination of the specimens in local hospitals (41%) or at the German Neuropathology Reference Center for Epilepsy Surgery (59%). RESULTS The onset of seizures occurred before 18 years of age in 75.9% of patients overall, and 72.5% of the patients underwent surgery as adults. The mean duration of epilepsy before surgical resection was 20.1 years among adults and 5.3 years among children. The temporal lobe was involved in 71.9% of operations. There were 36 histopathological diagnoses in seven major disease categories. The most common categories were hippocampal sclerosis, found in 36.4% of the patients (88.7% of cases were in adults), tumors (mainly ganglioglioma) in 23.6%, and malformations of cortical development in 19.8% (focal cortical dysplasia was the most common type, 52.7% of cases of which were in children). No histopathological diagnosis could be established for 7.7% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS In patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy requiring surgery, hippocampal sclerosis was the most common histopathological diagnosis among adults, and focal cortical dysplasia was the most common diagnosis among children. Tumors were the second most common lesion in both groups. (Funded by the European Union and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Blumcke
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerrit Haaker
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roland Coras
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katja Kobow
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christian G Bien
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margarete Pfäfflin
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christian Elger
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Guido Widman
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Johannes Schramm
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Albert Becker
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kees P Braun
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans Leijten
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Francine Chassoux
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hajo Hamer
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hermann Stefan
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Karl Rössler
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Thom
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matthew C Walker
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John S Duncan
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrew W McEvoy
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tom Pieper
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans Holthausen
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manfred Kudernatsch
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Joachim Meencke
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Philippe Kahane
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Josef Zentner
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Horst Urbach
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bernhard J Steinhoff
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Bast
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Laura Tassi
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgio Lo Russo
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cigdem Özkara
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Buge Oz
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavel Krsek
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Silke Vogelgesang
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Uwe Runge
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Holger Lerche
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yvonne Weber
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - José Pimentel
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Adriana Ulate-Campos
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Hartl
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olaf Schijns
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carmen Barba
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Helen Cross
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martha Feucht
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eugen Trinka
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peter A Winkler
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rafael Toledano Delgado
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Mayer
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martin Lutz
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basilios Zountsas
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Garganis
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Felix Rosenow
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anke Hermsen
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tim J von Oertzen
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas L Diepgen
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giuliano Avanzini
- From the Departments of Neuropathology (I.B., G.H., R.C., K.K.) and Neurosurgery (K.R.) and the Epilepsy Center (H. Hamer, H.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, the Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld (C.G.B., M.P.), the Departments of Epileptology (C.E., G.W.) and Neuropathology (A.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Bonn (J.S.), Bonn, the Neuropediatric Clinic, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth (T.P., H. Holthausen, M.K., P.A.W.), the Epilepsy Center Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin (H.J.M.), the Epilepsy Center (G.H., A.S.-B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.Z., D.H.H.), University Hospital, and the Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (H.U.) Freiburg, Kork Epilepsy Center, Kehl-Kork (B.J.S., T.B.), the Departments of Neuropathology (S.V.) and Neurology (U.R.), University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, the Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (H.L., Y.W.), the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm (H.L., Y.W.), the Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich (S.N., E.H., P.A.W.), Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum Radeberg, Radeberg (T.M., M.L.), Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and the Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (F.R., A.H.), the Epilepsy Center Hessen-Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg (F.R., A.H.), and the Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (T.L.D.) - all in Germany; the Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (R.S.) and the Department of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy Center (G.A.), IRCCS Foundation, Neurological Institute C. Besta, and the Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital (L.T., G.L.R.), Milan, and the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence (R.G., C.B.) - all in Italy; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.P.B., F.L.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center (J.C.B.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam (E.A., A.M.), and the Department of (Neuro)Pathology, VU University Medical Center (E.A., A.M.), Amsterdam, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede (E.A.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht (O.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, and Paris Descartes University, Paris (F.C.), the Department of Neurology, Michallon Hospital, GIN INSERM Unité 836, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble (P. Kahane), and the Department of Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology in Children, University Hospitals of Lyon, and the Brain Dynamics and Cognition team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon (A.A., A.U.-C.) - all in France; the Departments of Neuropathology (M.T.) and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (M.C.W., S.M.S., J.S.D., A.W.M.), UCL Institute of Neurology, and the Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.) and Developmental Neurosciences Program (J.H.C.), UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (T.S.J.), London, and Young Epilepsy, Lingfield (J.H.C.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Departments of Neurology (C.Ö.) and Pathology (B.O.), Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Motol Epilepsy Center, Charles University in Prague, and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (P. Krsek); the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos (M.H.), and the Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon (J.P.) - both in Portugal; the Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona (A.A., A.U.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna (M.F., A.M.), the Departments of Neurology (E.T.) and Neurosurgery (P.A.W.), Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, and the Department of Neurology I, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz (T.J.O.) - all in Austria; the Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (T.G.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (A.G.-N., R.T.D.); and the Neurosurgical Department (B.Z.) and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (K.G.), St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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