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Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Mahabala KY, Nayak AP, Rao A, D'Souza V. Early Childhood Caries and Dental Care Utilization in Mangalore, India: Parents' Perceptions. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024:23800844231225193. [PMID: 38389414 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231225193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents often underuse dental care services for their children with early childhood caries (ECC), resulting in a high burden of untreated dental caries. AIM To describe parental perceptions and challenges in dental care utilization for their children with ECC. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with parents of children with ECC seeking dental care in Mangalore, India. Data were collected through focus group discussions using an interview guide. Manual line-by-line coding and content analysis methods were used for data analysis. RESULTS Three categories were generated from data obtained through 5 focus groups of 27 participants: dental care visiting patterns, the significance of dental visits, and challenges to dental care utilization. Parents would only visit the dentist when they perceived their children's tooth problems. The challenges faced include time constraints, misinformation, lack of awareness and motivation, costs, fear, and anxiety of the children and the parents themselves. Parents perceived improvements in the awareness of their children's oral health and quality of life after dental visits. CONCLUSION Attending dental services to treat their children's tooth problems was the primary way of attaining awareness about prevention among the parents of children with ECC. Increased oral health awareness and improved quality of life can motivate parents to seek further dental care for their children. Collaboration with multidisciplinary stakeholders is required to improve oral health awareness among parents of children with ECC. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The study's results will help plan targeted preventive programs for children with ECC. The study suggests dental care utilization by children with ECC is based on parental perceptions of their children's tooth problems. It outlines the challenges that affect dental visits of children with ECC and the role of multidisciplinary stakeholders. Improved oral health awareness and quality of life following dental treatment can facilitate further dental visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Suprabha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - R Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - K Y Mahabala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - A P Nayak
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - A Rao
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - V D'Souza
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Mahabala KY, Nayak AP, Rao A, D'Souza V. Early Feeding and Weaning Practices of Indian Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Qualitative Exploration. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:131-138. [PMID: 35302409 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221083645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the early feeding, weaning, and oral hygiene practices of children with early childhood caries (ECC), their parents' knowledge and attitudes regarding infant feeding, and the feeding-related challenges faced by the parents. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study involved parents of children with ECC who sought dental treatment at an academic dental college in India. Data were collected though focus groups conducted with the 27 parents of children with ECC, using a focus group discussion guide. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. RESULTS Community norms, such as learning from the older women in the families or neighborhoods, guided the feeding method, duration of feeding, and weaning. Breastfeeding or bottle-feeding at bedtime beyond 12 mo of age and feeding sugary drinks during weaning were standard practices, despite knowing the risk for dental caries. Parents faced multiple challenges regarding weaning and were unaware of the significance of infant oral hygiene practices. CONCLUSION In children with ECC, infant feeding practices included prolonged breastfeeding or bottle-feeding beyond the required age, feeding at bedtime, and feeding sugary drinks. Although the parents knew that these feeding habits could increase the risk for caries, they lacked the self-efficacy to translate their knowledge into action during weaning. Also, they lacked awareness regarding infant oral hygiene practices. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The study provides information on the feeding habits of infants that can increase the risk for caries, the challenges faced by the parents of these children in altering these risky habits, and their lack of knowledge on infant oral hygiene practices. Policy/decision makers can advocate for pediatricians and pediatric dentists to incorporate anticipatory guidance or motivational interviewing techniques to tailor the preventive program for ECC for Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Suprabha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - R Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - K Y Mahabala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - A P Nayak
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - A Rao
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - V D'Souza
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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D'Souza V, Daudt H, Kazanjian A. Survivorship care plans for breast cancer patients: understanding the quality of the available evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e446-e465. [PMID: 29270054 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim The overall goal of the present study was to contribute to consistency in the provincial approach to survivorship care planning through knowledge synthesis and exchange. Our review focused on the research concerning the physical and emotional challenges of breast cancer (bca) patients and survivors and the effects of the interventions that have been used for lessening those challenges. Methods The psychosocial topics identified in bca survivorship care plans created by two different initiatives in our province provided the platform for our search criteria: quality of life (qol), sexual function, fatigue, and lifestyle behaviours. We conducted an umbrella review to retrieve the best possible evidence, and only reviews investigating the intended outcomes in bca survivors and having moderate-to-high methodologic quality scores were included. Results Of 486 reports retrieved, 51 reviews met the inclusion criteria and form part of the synthesis. Our results indicate that bca patients and survivors experience numerous physical and emotional challenges and that interventions such as physical activity, psychoeducation, yoga, and mindfulness-based stress reduction are beneficial in alleviating those challenges. Conclusions Our study findings support the existing survivorship care plans in our province with respect to the physical and emotional challenges that bca survivors often face. However, the literature concerning cancer risks specific to bca survivors is scant. Although systematic reviews are considered to be the "gold standard" in knowledge synthesis, our findings suggest that much remains to be done in the area of synthesis research to better guide practice in cancer survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Souza
- BC Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, BC
| | - H Daudt
- BC Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, BC
| | - A Kazanjian
- BC Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre, Victoria, BC.,School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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D'Souza V, Daudt H, Kazanjian A. Survivorship care plans for people with colorectal cancer: do they reflect the research evidence? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e488-e498. [PMID: 27803610 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we synthesized the published literature about the psychosocial aspects of colorectal cancer (crc) survivorship to support an update of the evidentiary base of the survivorship care plans (scps) created in our jurisdiction. METHODS The psychosocial topics identified in the crc scps created by two different initiatives in our province were used as search criteria: quality of life (qol), sexual function, fatigue, and lifestyle behaviors. An umbrella review was conducted to retrieve the best possible evidence. Only reviews that investigated the intended outcomes in crc survivors and those with moderate-to-high methodologic quality scores were included. RESULTS Of 462 retrieved reports, eight reviews met the inclusion criteria for the synthesis. Of those eight, six investigated the challenges of crc survivors and two investigated the effect of physical activity on survivor well-being. Our results indicate that emotional and physical challenges are common in crc survivors and that physical activity is associated with clinically important benefits for the fatigue and physical functioning of crc survivors. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings update the evidence and indicate that existing scps in our province concerning the physical and emotional challenges of crc survivors reflect the evidence at the time of their issue. However, the literature concerning cancer risks specific to crc survivors is lacking. Although systematic reviews are considered to be the "gold standard" in knowledge synthesis, our findings suggest that much remains to be done in the area of synthesis research to better guide practice in cancer survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Souza
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Daudt
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Kazanjian
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver Island Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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D'Souza V, Blouin E, Zeitouni A, Muller K, Allison P. Multimedia information intervention and its benefits in partners of the head and neck cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. D'Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University st; Montreal QC Canada
| | - E. Blouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; McGill University Hospital Center; Montreal QC Canada
| | - A. Zeitouni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; McGill University Hospital Center; Montreal QC Canada
| | - K. Muller
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University st; Montreal QC Canada
| | - P.J. Allison
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University st; Montreal QC Canada
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Swaminathan N, Niranjan G, D'Souza V. Entry level physiotherapy curriculum in Indian subcontinent—an analysis and feed forward. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang Q, Parekh D, D'Souza V, Dancer R, Patel J, Bartis D, Gao F, Lian Q, Jin S, Thickett D. S102 Lipoxin A4 Improves Efferocytosis Via Inhibition Of The Hmgb1 In Human Alveolar Macrophages. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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D'Souza V, Chavan-Gautam P, Joshi S. Counteracting oxidative stress in pregnancy through modulation of maternal micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:4777-83. [PMID: 24274816 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and preterm birth leading to poor birth outcome. Hyperhomocysteinemia caused as a consequence of altered micronutrients like folic acid and vitamin B12 is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species that generate oxidative stress. These micronutrients are important determinants of methyl donor, s-adenosyl methionine while phospholipids are important methyl acceptors in the one-carbon metabolic cycle. A series of our studies in women during pregnancy have demonstrated altered levels of these micronutrients and the negative association of docosahexaenoic acid with homocysteine. Various strategies to counteract oxidative stress during pregnancy such as antioxidant therapy have been examined and found to be inconsistent. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in pregnancy and discuss the possibility of ameliorating it through modulation of maternal micronutrients and omega 3 fatty acids especially docosahexaenoic acid. We propose for the first time that manipulation of one-carbon metabolism by maternal diet could be a potential mechanism to counteract oxidative stress through homocysteine lowering effects and help in reducing the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Souza
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
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D'Souza V, Blouin E, Zeitouni A, Muller K, Allison PJ. An investigation of the effect of tailored information on symptoms of anxiety and depression in Head and Neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:431-7. [PMID: 23295073 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if tailored information provision decreases symptoms of anxiety and depression in late stage Head and Neck (H&N) cancer patients. METHODS This non-randomized, controlled trial was conducted with stage III or IV H&N cancer patients. Subjects were recruited at two academic health centers in Montreal. At the test center, subjects received the Multimode Comprehensive Tailored Information Package (MCTIP), while at the control center, they received normal information provision. Participants were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline and 3 and 6 month later. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics then T tests and chi square tests to compare group differences and finally mixed model analysis to test differences in outcome variables. RESULTS A total of 103 subjects were recruited and of them 96 (47 tests and 49 controls) participants completed baseline, 3 and 6 month evaluations. The test group experienced lower levels of anxiety (p = 0.001) and depression (p = 0.089) than the control group. CONCLUSION The subjects receiving tailored information had lower levels of anxiety than their counterparts. In addition, depression showed a reduction in the expected direction in the test group. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our results need to be further confirmed using a randomized approach in different samples but they suggest benefits for stage III and IV H&N cancer patients receiving tailored, multi-modal information concerning their cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3550 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B2.
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Dancer RCA, D'Souza V, Jeffery L, Sansom D, Bassford CR, Perkins G, Thickett DR. S49 Is the development of acute lung injury influenced by increased levels of IL17 as a result of Treg/TH17 imbalance? Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150912.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dancer RCA, Park D, D'Souza V, Smith FG, Perkins GD, Thickett DR. S105 Does vitamin D deficiency increase risk of acute lung injury post oesophagectomy? Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150946.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mahmood N, Suresh HB, Swethadri GK, Hegde V, D'Souza V, D'Souza S. Ultrasound and Doppler findings in a rare case of Castleman's disease of the parotid. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010; 39:54-6. [PMID: 20089745 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/77931198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Castleman's disease of the parotid gland is an extremely rare entity, with fewer than 20 cases reported in world literature so far and only 1 previous case report describing the ultrasound findings. The Doppler findings of parotid Castleman's disease have never been described before to the best of the authors' knowledge. This report describes the ultrasonographic and Doppler findings in a histopathologically proven case of Castleman's disease of the left parotid gland in a young man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ns Mahmood
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore 575002, Karnataka, India.
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D'Souza V, Melamed J, Habib D, Pullen K, Wallace K, Summers MF. Identification of a high affinity nucleocapsid protein binding element within the Moloney murine leukemia virus Psi-RNA packaging signal: implications for genome recognition. J Mol Biol 2001; 314:217-32. [PMID: 11718556 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Murine leukemia virus (MLV) is currently the most widely used gene delivery system in gene therapy trials. The simple retrovirus packages two copies of its RNA genome by a mechanism that involves interactions between the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of a virally-encoded Gag polyprotein and a segment of the RNA genome located just upstream of the Gag initiation codon, known as the Psi-site. Previous studies indicated that the MLV Psi-site contains three stem loops (SLB-SLD), and that stem loops SLC and SLD play prominent roles in packaging. We have developed a method for the preparation and purification of large quantities of recombinant Moloney MLV NC protein, and have studied its interactions with a series of oligoribonucleotides that contain one or more of the Psi-RNA stem loops. At RNA concentrations above approximately 0.3 mM, isolated stem loop SLB forms a duplex and stem loops SL-C and SL-D form kissing complexes, as expected from previous studies. However, neither the monomeric nor the dimeric forms of these isolated stem loops binds NC with significant affinity. Longer constructs containing two stem loops (SL-BC and SL-CD) also exhibit low affinities for NC. However, NC binds with high affinity and stoichiometrically to both the monomeric and dimeric forms of an RNA construct that contains all three stem loops (SL-BCD; K(d)=132(+/-55) nM). Titration of SL-BCD with NC also shifts monomer-dimer equilibrium toward the dimer. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that the conserved GACG tetraloops of stem loops C and D do not influence the monomer-dimer equilibrium of SL-BCD, that the tetraloop of stem loop B does not participate directly in NC binding, and that the tetraloops of stem loops C and D probably also do not bind to NC. These surprising results differ considerably from those observed for HIV-1, where NC binds to individual stem loops with high affinity via interactions with exposed residues of the tetraloops. The present results indicate that MLV NC binds to a pocket or surface that only exists in the presence of all three stem loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Souza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Turecki G, Grof P, Grof E, D'Souza V, Lebuis L, Marineau C, Cavazzoni P, Duffy A, Bétard C, Zvolský P, Robertson C, Brewer C, Hudson TJ, Rouleau GA, Alda M. Mapping susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder: a pharmacogenetic approach based on excellent response to lithium. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6:570-8. [PMID: 11526471 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2000] [Revised: 01/22/2001] [Accepted: 01/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mapping studies in bipolar disorder (BD) have been hampered by the unclear boundaries of the phenotypic spectrum, and possibly, by the complexity of the underlying genetic mechanisms, and heterogeneity. Among the suggested approaches to circumvent these problems, a pharmacogenetic strategy has been increasingly proposed. Several studies have indicated that patients with BD who respond well to lithium prophylaxis constitute a biologically distinct subgroup. In this study we have conducted a complete genome scan using 378 markers spaced at an average distance of 10 cM in 31 families ascertained through excellent lithium responders. Response to lithium was evaluated prospectively with an average follow-up of 12 years. Evidence for linkage was found with a locus on chromosome 15q14 (ACTC, lod score = 3.46, locus-specific P-value = 0.000014) and suggestive results were observed for another marker on chromosome 7q11.2 (D7S1816, lod score = 2.68, locus-specific P-value = 0.00011). Other interesting findings were obtained with markers on chromosomes 6 and 22, namely D6S1050 (lod score = 2.0, locus-specific P-value = 0.00004) and D22S420 (lod score = 1.91). Nonparametric linkage analysis provided additional support for the role of these loci. Further analyses of these results suggested that the locus on chromosome 15q14 may be implicated in the etiology of BD, whereas the 7q11.2 locus may be relevant for lithium response. In conclusion, our results provide original evidence suggesting that loci on 15q14 and 7q11.2 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of BD responsive to lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Turecki
- Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
AIM To gain further evidence of the psychometric properties of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. SETTING Dental admission clinics. DESIGN Consecutive sampling, cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS Patients (n = 800) in four cities (Belfast, Northern Ireland; Helsinki, Finland; Jyväskylä, Finland and Dubai, UAE). METHODS Questionnaire booklet handed to patients, attending clinics, for completion following an invitation by the researcher to be included in the study. MEASURES Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), together with further questions concerning dental attendance and nervousness about dental procedures. RESULTS Overall 9.3 per cent of patients indicated high dental anxiety. MDAS showed high levels of internal consistency, and good construct validity. The relationship of dental anxiety with age was similar to previous reports and showed lowered anxiety levels in older patients. CONCLUSION Data from three countries has supported the psychometric properties of this modified and brief dental anxiety scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Humphris
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Whelan Building, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
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Meera S, Rao AV, D'Souza V, Rao SB. In vitro studies on peroxidative changes leading to hemolysis of erythrocytes infested with malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. Indian J Exp Biol 1999; 37:729-30. [PMID: 10522162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Blood erythrocytes of 25 confirrhed malarial patients infested with P. vivax were analyzed for peroxidation and hemolysis and results compared with 10 uninfected normal control samples. Results indicated significant increase in peroxide formation measured as malondialdehyde, both in presence and absence of H2O2, in parasite infested erythrocytes. These changes induced hemolysis of infected erythrocytes which was increased manifold in presence of H2O2 and could probably be the reason for extensive anemia reported in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meera
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
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Ananth N, Balaji GB, Vasudevan DM, D'Souza V, Rao AV, Nambiar D. Enhancement of myeloperoxidase activity in WBCS in oral cancer patients treated with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-A pilot study. Indian J Clin Biochem 1998; 13:126-8. [PMID: 23105194 PMCID: PMC3453565 DOI: 10.1007/bf02867875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In a pilot study with five oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) three were given Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as a protective agent to reduce the mucosal inflammation during radiotherapy. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity in WBC was quantitated. The three patients showed a significant increase in the MPO activity when compared with two untreated controls indicating the efficacy of GM-CSF as a protective agent. It is suggested that further detailed studies with larger number of patients would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ananth
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, 575 001 Mangalore
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Wenstrup R, Langland G, Willing M, D'Souza V, Cole W. A splice-junction mutation in the region of COL5A1 that codes for the carboxyl propeptide of pro-α1(V) chains results in the gravis form of the ehlers-danlos syndrome (Type 1). Matrix Biol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(96)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts have been reported to migrate into a number of unusual locations within the abdomen, chest, and pelvis. We report a case in which a documented, correctly placed VP shunt subsequently migrated to an intravascular location. This intravascular migration led to malposition of the shunt tubing within the pulmonary artery. Attempts to remove the catheter via a postauricular incision were complicated by arrhythmias induced by traction on the shunt tubing. Eventual removal of the shunt was accomplished in stages, through the use of an intravascular, radiographically guided snare, introduced through the femoral vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Morell
- Department of Anesthesia, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1009
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Affiliation(s)
- V. D'Souza
- ; Department of Food Science; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - J. M. deMan
- ; Department of Food Science; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - L. deMan
- ; Department of Food Science; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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Abstract
Fifteen patients with tropical pancreatic diabetes syndrome (TPDS), 16 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD), 27 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD) and 14 normal subjects, all from India, were investigated for markers of beta-cell (C-peptide) and exocrine (immunoreactive trypsin; IRT) reserve. IRT and C-peptide concentrations were the lowest in TPDS, lower than normal in IDD, and not significantly different from normal in NIDDs. There was a highly significant correlation (rs = 0.93; P less than 0.0001) between IRT and C-peptide (measured in 50% of patients and controls) concentrations when all diabetic groups were combined. Such a correlation was absent when TPDS patients were considered in isolation, largely because of the markedly low IRT concentration. Fourteen of 15 patients (93%) with TPDS had subnormal IRT concentrations, of which 11 had IRT values of less than 50 micrograms/L. These IRT values are similar to those previously reported in cystic fibrosis. Only 6 of 16 IDDs (38%) had subnormal IRT concentrations, of which only one was below 50 micrograms/L. These data suggest that exocrine pancreatic reserve is markedly diminished in TPDS and that a subnormal IRT concentration may be a useful biochemical marker for this form of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Yajnik
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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22
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Shrivastav P, Gill DS, D'Souza V, O'Brien PM, Dandona P. Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and digoxin-like immunoreactive substance during pregnancy. Clin Chem 1988; 34:977-80. [PMID: 2967132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS) during pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium, as measured in maternal and umbilical cord plasma. There were no significant changes in maternal concentrations of ANP during all three periods, and the concentrations were similar to those found in nonpregnant controls and in umbilical cord plasma. Maternal concentrations of DLIS increased significantly in the second half of pregnancy, peaked during labor, then decreased abruptly within 24 h of expulsion of the infant and placenta to values approaching the nonpregnant range. DLIS concentrations in umbilical cord plasma, however, were significantly higher than in maternal plasma during labor. The abrupt fall in DLIS in maternal plasma and the absence of a significant difference in DLIS concentrations between arterial and venous cord plasma suggest that, during pregnancy, the fetus, not the placenta, is the source of DLIS in maternal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shrivastav
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, U.K
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23
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Abstract
Leukocyte Na-K ATPase was assessed in ten patients with anorexia nervosa. The indices of Na-K ATPase measured were 86Rb influx and [3H]-ouabain binding. Both 86Rb influx and [3H]-ouabain binding were significantly lower in patients with anorexia nervosa than in controls. Following weight gain (4.1 to 11.9 kg) in seven patients both 86Rb influx and [3H]-ouabain binding increased in each patient to levels similar to those in controls, although the patients still remained underweight. Acute oral glucose challenge (75 g) also resulted in an increase in 86Rb influx and [3H]-ouabain binding in each of the eight patients tested. There was a significant correlation between 86Rb influx and [3H]-ouabain binding. We conclude that the leukocytes of patients with anorexia nervosa have a significantly diminished number of Na-K ATPase units with a parallel decrease in 86Rb influx. Weight gain and acute glucose challenge result in an increase in both indices of Na-K ATPase. Nutrition appears to play an important role in the modulation of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Turaihi
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
Multiple, bilateral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the lung are diagnostically and therapeutically challenging. In staged procedures over seven days, a 19-year-old woman underwent blocking of the feeding artery to six moderate-sized AVMs in the left lower lobe, embolization of three more AVMs in the left lower lobe, and resection of a large AVM in the right lower lobe through a right-sided thoracotomy. These procedures preserved maximal lung tissue, and one year later the patient is essentially symptom free.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wallenhaupt
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27103
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25
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Abstract
The calcium, vitamin D, and osteocalcin concentrations were investigated in 17 patients with anorexia nervosa. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) concentrations below normal were observed in 15 (88%); only two patients has serum 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D) concentrations below normal. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was also normal in all except these two patients. Serum osteocalcin concentration was below normal in seven of 14 patients. Although a low concentration of serum 25 OHD is common in patients with anorexia nervosa in the United Kingdom, 1,25(OH)2D concentrations are usually normal. Hypovitaminosis D with secondary hyperparathyroidism is relatively uncommon. The subnormal osteocalcin concentrations observed in these patients probably reflect diminished osteoblastic activity, which may contribute to their osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Fonseca
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, London
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26
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Johnston WE, Balestrieri FJ, Plonk G, D'Souza V, Howard G. The influence of periaortic collateral vessels on the intraoperative hemodynamic effects of acute aortic occlusion in patients with aorto-occlusive disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm. Anesthesiology 1987; 66:386-9. [PMID: 3826697 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198703000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Abstract
The estimated economic loss due to an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in 1981 in a rural community of Goa studied by house-to-house survey of 7230 families is reported. Thirty-five per cent of families were affected and in 62% of these families more than three persons developed conjunctivitis. The affected were forced to be absent from work resulting in a reduction of the work force (loss of 7735 man days) and loss of income (Rs 1,33,300). The type of treatment followed and estimates of treatment cost are described. The economic consequences to the country of this widespread epidemic are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Srinivasa
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Panaji, Goa, India
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28
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29
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Abstract
The effects of metabolic acidosis upon the pattern of apnea during sleep were assessed in ten sleep apnea patients. Four had pure obstructive apnea, two pure central apnea, and four had mixed apnea. Acidosis was induced with acetazolamide. Acid-base shifts had little effect in pure obstructive and pure central apnea, but had a significant effect in mixed apnea. In two of the mixed apneic patients, metabolic acidosis converted predominantly central apnea into nearly pure obstructive apnea, prolonging apneic periods and worsening hypoxemia. A suggested explanation for this is the greater stimulating effect of acidosis upon the lower bellows muscles than upon the muscles which act to maintain patency of the upper airways. The observation that some patients with mixed sleep apnea appear to have central apnea while relatively alkalotic and obstructive apnea while acidotic emphasizes the need for more careful and detailed characterization of apneic disorders with respect to their responses to body states and therapeutic agents.
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30
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Srinivasa DK, D'Souza V, Kamat GH, Zingde KD. Epidemic haemorrhagic conjuctivitis in a rural community of Goa. Indian J Med Res 1984; 79:114-7. [PMID: 6724645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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31
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Champakam NS, D'Souza V, Kamat JR, Parashar SK. Imprint cytology in the diagnosis of breast tumor. Int Surg 1982; 67:425-6. [PMID: 7183598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty breast lumps seen and operated on at the Goa Medical College Hospital over a one year period form the material for this study. The cases were at first diagnosed clinically. At operation a naked eye assessment of the malignancy of the excised breast lump was made. Slide imprints for cytodiagnosis were made and finally the excised mass sent for paraffin section study. A rapid diagnosis of these 50 surgically removed breast lumps was thus made by naked eye examination and imprint cytodiagnosis and the results were compared with routine paraffin section diagnosis which is considered the final diagnosis. An analysis of the results show that naked eye examination of the excised breast lump distinguished between malignant and non-malignant lumps correctly in 96% of cases, rapid imprint cytodiagnosis was correct in 98% of cases, clinical diagnosis in 96% of cases and aspiration cytodiagnosis in all cases. Naked eye examination of the mass prior to imprinting would help to decide the correct pressure to be used to avoid false results.
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32
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Abstract
Small nylon brushes with a stainless steel core have been found safe and effective for transcatheter arterial occlusion. Studies performed in 14 dogs demonstrate the brushes result in rapid occlusion of the renal artery. Follow-up studies for periods up to ten months document the safety and permanence of the occlusion. The animal studies reported herein suggest that these devices can be safely used in humans in cases where large artery occlusion is desired.
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33
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Castaneda-Zuniga W, Knight L, Formanek A, Moore R, D'Souza V, Amplatz K. Hemodynamic assessment of obstructive aortoiliac disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1976; 127:559-61. [PMID: 970522 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.127.4.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiographic demonstration of obstructive aortoiliac disease is of paramount importance prior to surgery. Obstructive disease in the femoral popliteal system can only be surgically relieved if inflow is adequate. Severely stenotic lesions may be missed by angiography due to the oblique course of the iliac arteries and inability to obtain right angle views. Translumbar downstream catheterization of the abdominal aorta and puncture of both femoral arteries allows simultaneous pressure recordings. The injection of 30 mg of papaverine into the femoral artery assures maximal vasodilatation mimicking conditions under exercise. A minimal gradient at rest may become obvious following the injection of papaverine, indicating hemodynamically significant disease and warranting surgical correction. The technique has proved to be simple and valuable, and there have been no complications.
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34
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Abstract
In patients with arterial occlusive disease it is virtually impossible to predict the speed of blood flow due to the presence of stenoses, occlusions, and collaterals. Repeated exposures and injections can be avoided by the use of pneumatic boots which increase peripheral blood flow by reactive hyperemia, are well tolerated by patients, and decreases the pain associated with injection of contrast material.
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35
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D'Souza V. Correspondence. Ind Med Gaz 1866; 1:375. [PMID: 28996658 PMCID: PMC5170133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. D'Souza
- Asst. Apothecary, in Medical charge, Meerpoor, Bakora
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