1
|
Wissing M, Brimo F, Chevalier S, Scarlata E, McKercher G, O'Flaherty A, Aprikian S, Thibodeau V, Saad F, Carmel M, Lacombe L, Têtu B, Ekindi-Ndongo N, Latour M, Trudel D, Aprikian A. Optimization of the 2014 Gleason grade grouping in a Canadian cohort of patients with localized prostate cancer. BJU Int 2018; 123:624-631. [PMID: 30113732 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the five-tier Gleason grade group (GG) scoring of prostate cancers adopted by the International Society of Urology Pathology (ISUP) in 2014, and to propose modifications to optimize its performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were obtained from PROCURE, a prospective cohort of patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy in Québec, 2006-2013. Surgical specimens were evaluated by genitourinary pathologists using 2014 ISUP criteria. Treatment failure was defined as biochemical recurrence and/or initiation of secondary, non-adjuvant therapy. Analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier methods, log-rank tests, Cox proportional hazards models and Harrell's concordance indices. RESULTS A total of 1 917 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 69 months. The 5-year treatment failure rates were 9.6%, 23.5%, 43.1%, 52.6% and 84.3% in GG1-5, respectively (P < 0.001 when comparing GG2 with GG3). Treatment failure rates for patients in GG2 and GG3 with tertiary Gleason 5 pattern were higher than patients in the same group without a tertiary pattern (P < 0.001), but were similar to rates for patients in GGs 3 or 4 without a tertiary pattern (P > 0.3). Primary Gleason pattern (4/5) predicted treatment failure in GG5 (5-year failure rates 82.3% vs 97.1%, respectively; P = 0.001). The five-tier GG system had greater accuracy as a prognostic indicator compared with the four-tier system (Harrell's concordance index 0.716 vs 0.676). When upgrading patients in GG2/3 with tertiary Gleason 5 pattern to patients in GG3/4, and separating patients in GG5 by primary Gleason pattern, the Harrell's concordance index increased to 0.730. CONCLUSION The five-tier GG system increased accuracy for predicting treatment failure compared with the previous grading systems, but can be further improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wissing
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ginette McKercher
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PROCURE, Mount Royal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana O'Flaherty
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Fred Saad
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Carmel
- Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Department of Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Latour
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Aprikian
- Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thibodeau V, Lajoie J, Labbé AC, Zannou MD, Fowke KR, Alary M, Poudrier J, Roger M. High level of soluble HLA-G in the female genital tract of Beninese commercial sex workers is associated with HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25185. [PMID: 21966450 PMCID: PMC3179477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most HIV infections are transmitted across mucosal epithelium. Understanding the role of innate and specific mucosal immunity in susceptibility or protection against HIV infection, as well as the effect of HIV infection on mucosal immunity, are of fundamental importance. HLA-G is a powerful modulator of the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) expression in the female genital tract is associated with HIV-1 infection. Methods and Findings Genital levels of sHLA-G were determined in 52 HIV-1-uninfected and 44 antiretroviral naïve HIV-1-infected female commercial sex workers (CSWs), as well as 71 HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW women at low risk of exposure, recruited in Cotonou, Benin. HIV-1-infected CSWs had higher genital levels of sHLA-G compared with those in both the HIV-1-uninfected CSW (P = 0.009) and non-CSW groups (P = 0.0006). The presence of bacterial vaginosis (P = 0.008), and HLA-G*01:01:02 genotype (P = 0.002) were associated with higher genital levels of sHLA-G in the HIV-1-infected CSWs, whereas the HLA-G*01:04:04 genotype was also associated with higher genital level of sHLA-G in the overall population (P = 0.038). When adjustment was made for all significant variables, the increased expression of sHLA-G in the genital mucosa remained significantly associated with both HIV-1 infection (P = 0.02) and bacterial vaginosis (P = 0.03). Conclusion This study demonstrates that high level of sHLA-G in the genital mucosa is independently associated with both HIV-1 infection and bacterial vaginosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marcel D. Zannou
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert K. Maga, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Keith R. Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Alary
- Unité de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire de Québec and Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to detect antibodies in pigs against the lipopolysaccharidic antigen of the three serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica mostly associated with human infections. Recent epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that pigs and pork are important sources of yersiniosis in humans. The purpose of this study was to clarify the use of an ELISA to detect swine carriers of this enteroinvasive bacteria by examining seroconversion and tissue distribution of Y. enterocolitica following experimental infection and then screening pigs at a slaughterhouse by bacterial culture and ELISA. It was observed that seroconversion occurred in animals experimentally inoculated with Y. enterocolitica but not with other enterobacteria. It was also found that 27% of swine at a slaughterhouse carried the bacterium in their tonsils and/or intestinal tract, whereas 66% showed serological evidence of previous infection. About 6% of swine at slaughter were culture-positive, but seronegative. Although, similar numbers of swine showed serological evidence of previous infection by each of the three Y. enterocolitica serotypes tested, virtually all culture isolates belonged to serotype O:3. This ELISA appears as a valuable control tool that can be used, in conjunction with culture, to identify pigs or herds infected by strains of Y. enterocolitica associated with human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Thibodeau
- Département de Microbiologie et de Maladies Infectieuses, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Que., J2S 8E3, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thibodeau V, Frost EH, Chénier S, Quessy S. Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica in tissues of orally-inoculated pigs and the tonsils and feces of pigs at slaughter. Can J Vet Res 1999; 63:96-100. [PMID: 10369565 PMCID: PMC1189526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the early events associated with infection of swine by Yersinia enterocolitica, 42 five-week-old crossbred piglets were inoculated per os with approximately 10(8) Y. enterocolitica O:3. Groups of 5 animals (and one negative control) were euthanized 30 min, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h following the infection. Palatine tonsils, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum (and Peyer's patches), stomach, liver, spleen and feces (from colon) were collected and analyzed for the presence of Y. enterocolitica by standard bacteriological procedures. Natural infections were also analyzed, as a complementary study, by taking one-gram samples of fecal material and tonsils from 291 pig carcasses less than 3 h after slaughter and culturing them for Y. enterocolitica using a cold enrichment technique. Within 30 min, Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 was already present at most sites. The presence of Y. enterocolitica in the liver of 3 out of 10 animals and also in the spleen of 3 out of 10 piglets, within the first 3 h postinfection, but not at later times (with one exception), probably indicated a transient bacteremia accompanying the initial stages of infection. The tonsils were colonized in most animals (13/20) as the bacteria remained present from 12 to 72 h postinfection, while only 4 out of 20 fecal samples were found to be positive over the same period. Up to 10(4) colony-forming units of Y. enterocolitica per gram of tonsil and fecal material were recovered. Finally, among the 291 animals sampled at the abattoir, a total of 79 were found positive, 70 of the tonsils sampled were positive, and bacteria were recovered in 17 fecal samples. It is therefore suggested that palatine tonsils are the most reliable tissue for the indication of an infection/colonization by Y. enterocolitica O:3 in swine and that the removal of this tissue during the slaughter process should be considered in order to minimize the possibility of contamination of meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Thibodeau
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|