1
|
Cattani AM, da Silveira Falavigna V, Silveira CP, Buffon V, Dos Santos Maraschin F, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Type-B cytokinin response regulators link hormonal stimuli and molecular responses during the transition from endo- to ecodormancy in apple buds. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1687-1703. [PMID: 32959122 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin together with MdoBRR1, MdoBRR8 and MdoBRR10 genes participate in the downregulation of MdoDAM1, contributing to the transition from endo- to ecodormancy in apple buds. The final step of cytokinin (CK) signaling pathway culminates in the activation of type-B response regulators (BRRs), important transcriptional factors in the modulation of CK-responsive genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis aiming to identify apple BRR family members and understand their involvement in bud dormancy control. The investigation identified ten MdoBRR protein-coding genes. A higher expression of three MdoBRR (MdoBRR1, MdoBRR9 and MdoBRR10) was observed in dormant buds in comparison to other developmental stages. Interestingly, in ecodormant buds these three MdoBRR genes were upregulated in a CK-dependent manner. Transcription profiles, determined during dormancy cycle under field and artificially controlled conditions, revealed that MdoBRR1 and MdoBRR8 played important roles in the transition from endo- to ecodormancy, probably mediated by endogenous CK stimuli. The expression of MdoBRR7, MdoBRR9, and MdoBRR10 was induced in ecodormant buds exposed to warm temperatures, indicating a putative role in growth resumption after chilling requirement fulfillment. Contrasting expression patternsin vivo between MdoBRRs and MdoDAM1, an essential dormancy establishment regulator, were observed during dormancy cycle and in CK-treated buds. Thereafter, in vivo transactivation assays showed that CK stimuli combined with transient overexpression of MdoBRR1, MdoBRR8, and MdoBRR10 resulted in downregulation of the reporter gene gusA driven by the MdoDAM1 promoter. These pieces of evidences point to the integration of CK-triggered responses through MdoBRRs that are able to downregulate MdoDAM1, contributing to dormancy release in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Malvessi Cattani
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Buffon
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Falavigna VDS, Malabarba J, Silveira CP, Buffon V, Mariath JEDA, Pasquali G, Margis-Pinheiro M, Revers LF. Characterization of the nucellus-specific dehydrin MdoDHN11 demonstrates its involvement in the tolerance to water deficit. Plant Cell Rep 2019; 38:1099-1107. [PMID: 31127322 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MdoDHN11 acts in the nucellus layer to protect the embryo and the endosperm from limited water availability during apple seed development. Dehydrins (DHNs) are protective proteins related to several plant developmental responses that involve dehydration such as seed desiccation and abiotic stresses. In apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), the seed-specific MdoDHN11 was suggested to play important roles against dehydration during seed development. However, this hypothesis has not yet been evaluated. Within this context, several experiments were performed to functionally characterize MdoDHN11. In situ hybridization analysis during apple seed development showed that MdoDHN11 expression is confined to a maternal tissue called nucellus, a central mass of parenchyma between the endosperm and the testa. The MdoDHN11 protein was localized in the cytosol and nucleus. Finally, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MdoDHN11 were generated and exposed to a severe water-deficit stress, aiming to mimic a situation that can occurs during seed development. All transgenic lines showed increased tolerance to water deficit in relation to wild-type plants. Taken together, our results provide evidences that MdoDHN11 plays important roles during apple seed development by protecting the embryo and the endosperm from limited water availability, and the mechanism of action probably involves the interaction of MdoDHN11 with proteins and other components in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
- AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jaiana Malabarba
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Buffon
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, 515, P.O. Box 130, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil
| | | | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, 515, P.O. Box 130, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miotto YE, Tessele C, Czermainski ABC, Porto DD, Falavigna VDS, Sartor T, Cattani AM, Delatorre CA, de Alencar SA, da Silva-Junior OB, Togawa RC, Costa MMDC, Pappas GJ, Grynberg P, de Oliveira PRD, Kvitschal MV, Denardi F, Buffon V, Revers LF. Spring Is Coming: Genetic Analyses of the Bud Break Date Locus Reveal Candidate Genes From the Cold Perception Pathway to Dormancy Release in Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30930909 PMCID: PMC6423911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chilling requirement (CR) for bud dormancy completion determines the time of bud break in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). The molecular control of bud dormancy is highly heritable, suggesting a strong genetic control of the trait. An available Infinium II SNP platform for genotyping containing 8,788 single nucleotide polymorphic markers was employed, and linkage maps were constructed in a F1 cross from the low CR M13/91 and the moderate CR cv. Fred Hough. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bud break date as a trait related to dormancy release. A major QTL for bud break was detected at the beginning of linkage group 9 (LG9). This QTL remained stable during seven seasons in two different growing sites. To increase mapping efficiency in detecting contributing genes underlying this QTL, 182 additional SNP markers located at the locus for bud break were used. Combining linkage mapping and structural characterization of the region, the high proportion of the phenotypic variance in the trait explained by the QTL is related to the coincident positioning of Arabidopsis orthologs for ICE1, FLC, and PRE1 protein-coding genes. The proximity of these genes from the most explanatory markers of this QTL for bud break suggests potential genetic additive effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of inter-dependent mechanisms controlling dormancy induction and release in apple trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohanna Evelyn Miotto
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Tessele
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Sartor
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Malvessi Cattani
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Andrea Delatorre
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Amorim de Alencar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina – Epagri – Estação Experimental de Caçador, Caçador, Brazil
| | - Frederico Denardi
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina – Epagri – Estação Experimental de Caçador, Caçador, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gossin Veilleux P, Brunel M, Mendolia P, Amrani A, Amiot C, Buffon V, Aymes B, Rossi Pacini F, Villani P. Accompagner le retour à domicile de la personne âgée dénutrie. NUTR CLIN METAB 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Malabarba J, Buffon V, Mariath JEA, Maraschin FS, Margis-Pinheiro M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Manipulation of VviAGL11 expression changes the seed content in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Plant Sci 2018; 269:126-135. [PMID: 29606210 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seedlessness in grapes is a desirable trait, especially for in natura consumption. Previously, we showed that VviAGL11 is the main responsible gene for seed morphogenesis in grapevine. Here we tested the function of this gene in grapevine with the use of plant plasmids. VviAGL11 was cloned into silencing and overexpression versions of p28iIR plasmid. Reproductive grapevine bunches from different seeded and seedless cultivars were separately treated with VviAGL11-harboring plasmids, along with controls. Plasmids were detected in leaves after a month of treatment, and berries, leaves, stems and seeds were analyzed for ectopic gene expression by RT-qPCR after 90 days of plasmid injection. Fruits from the seedless 'Linda' treated with the VviAGL11-overexpression plasmid showed high expression levels of VviAGL11 and exhibited small seeds that were not found in the untreated control samples. Mature grapes from seeded 'Italia' and 'Ruby' bunches treated with the VviAGL11-silencing plasmid showed decreased VviAGL11 expression, reduced number of seeds and increased number of seed traces. The present study confirms that VviAGL11 is a key master regulator of seed morphogenesis in grapevine and corroborates with the applicability of plant plasmids as promising biotechnological tools to functionally test genes in perennial plants in a rapid and confident way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaiana Malabarba
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Buffon
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil
| | - Jorge E A Mariath
- Graduate Program in Botany, Botany Department, Institute for Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Maraschin
- Graduate Program in Botany, Botany Department, Institute for Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luís F Revers
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Nardin J, Buffon V, Revers LF, de Araújo AM. Association between molecular markers and behavioral phenotypes in the immatures of a butterfly. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:243-252. [PMID: 29583155 PMCID: PMC5913723 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly hatched caterpillars of the butterfly Heliconius erato phyllis routinely cannibalize eggs. In a manifestation of kin recognition they cannibalize sibling eggs less frequently than unrelated eggs. Previous work has estimated the heritability of kin recognition in H. erato phyllis to lie between 14 and 48%. It has furthermore been shown that the inheritance of kin recognition is compatible with a quantitative model with a threshold. Here we present the results of a preliminary study, in which we tested for associations between behavioral kin recognition phenotypes and AFLP and SSR markers. We implemented two experimental approaches: (1) a cannibalism test using sibling eggs only, which allowed for only two behavioral outcomes (cannibal and non-cannibal), and (2) a cannibalism test using two sibling eggs and one unrelated egg, which allowed four outcomes [cannibal who does not recognize siblings, cannibal who recognizes siblings, "super-cannibal" (cannibal of both eggs), and "super non-cannibal" (does not cannibalize eggs at all)]. Single-marker analyses were performed using χ2 tests and logistic regression with null markers as covariates. Results of the χ2 tests identified 72 associations for experimental design 1 and 73 associations for design 2. Logistic regression analysis of the markers found to be significant in the χ2 test resulted in 20 associations for design 1 and 11 associations for design 2. Experiment 2 identified markers that were more frequently present or absent in cannibals who recognize siblings and super non-cannibals; i.e. in both phenotypes capable of kin recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaína De Nardin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Buffon
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Aldo Mellender de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malabarba J, Buffon V, Mariath JEA, Gaeta ML, Dornelas MC, Margis-Pinheiro M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. The MADS-box gene Agamous-like 11 is essential for seed morphogenesis in grapevine. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:1493-1506. [PMID: 28369525 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide appreciation of seedless grapes, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive the stenospermocarpic seedless-type phenotype in grapevine. In order to address the molecular mechanisms that control seedlessness in grapevine, our study aimed to characterize VviAGL11, a class D MADS-box transcription factor gene that has been proposed as the major candidate gene involved in Vitis vinifera seed morphogenesis. VviAGL11 allelic variations in seeded and seedless grapevine cultivars were determined, and its correlations with allele-specific steady-state mRNA levels were investigated. VviAGL11 relative expression was significantly higher in seeds at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after fruit set, whereas in the seedless grape its transcript levels were extremely low in all stages analyzed. In situ hybridization revealed transcript accumulation specifically in the dual endotesta layer of the seeds, which is responsible for elongation and an increase of cell number, a necessary step to determine the lignification and the final seed size. No hybridization signals were visible in the seedless grapevine tissues, and a morphoanatomical analysis showed an apparent loss of identity of the endotesta layer of the seed traces. Ectopic expression of VviAGL11 in the Arabidopsis SEEDSTICK mutant background restored the wild-type phenotype and confirmed the direct role of VviAGL11 in seed morphogenesis, suggesting that depletion of its expression is responsible for the erroneous development of a highly essential seed layer, therefore culminating in the typical apirenic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaiana Malabarba
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Buffon
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil
| | - Jorge E A Mariath
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Gaeta
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Dornelas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luís F Revers
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95701-008, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva DC, da Silveira Falavigna V, Fasoli M, Buffon V, Porto DD, Pappas GJ, Pezzotti M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Transcriptome analyses of the Dof-like gene family in grapevine reveal its involvement in berry, flower and seed development. Hortic Res 2016; 3:16042. [PMID: 27610237 PMCID: PMC5005469 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) protein family spans a group of plant transcription factors involved in the regulation of several functions, such as plant responses to stress, hormones and light, phytochrome signaling and seed germination. Here we describe the Dof-like gene family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), which consists of 25 genes coding for Dof. An extensive in silico characterization of the VviDofL gene family was performed. Additionally, the expression of the entire gene family was assessed in 54 grapevine tissues and organs using an integrated approach with microarray (cv Corvina) and real-time PCR (cv Pinot Noir) analyses. The phylogenetic analysis comparing grapevine sequences with those of Arabidopsis, tomato, poplar and already described Dof genes in other species allowed us to identify several duplicated genes. The diversification of grapevine DofL genes during evolution likely resulted in a broader range of biological roles. Furthermore, distinct expression patterns were identified between samples analyzed, corroborating such hypothesis. Our expression results indicate that several VviDofL genes perform their functional roles mainly during flower, berry and seed development, highlighting their importance for grapevine growth and production. The identification of similar expression profiles between both approaches strongly suggests that these genes have important regulatory roles that are evolutionally conserved between grapevine cvs Corvina and Pinot Noir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Costenaro da Silva
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marianna Fasoli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Vanessa Buffon
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS 95701-008, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mario Pezzotti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|