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Balamurugan R, Karthik S, Arul V. Effect of cryopreservation on motility, DNA integrity and gene expression in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus sperm. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104848. [PMID: 38219856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study documents the effect of cryopreservation on motility, DNA integrity, and gene expression in Mugil cephalus sperm. Fresh sperm were cryopreserved using V2 extender (V2E) or 0.3 M glucose, each in combination with one of three cryoprotective agents (CPAs), i.e., 10 % of dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, or glycerol, all at once. After two different storage (7- vs 60- day) periods in liquid nitrogen, sperm samples were thawed. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to detect the DNA integrity. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), HSP70, HSP90 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx2) genes mRNA expression levels was documented using qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated that among 0.3 M glucose + CPAs combinations, EG recorded higher frozen-thawed motility 69 % (7- day) and 59 % (60- day). Similarly, in V2E + CPAs combinations, EG recorded higher frozen-thawed motility 31 % (7- day) and 26 % (60- day). The DNA integrity of all thawed sperm (both periods) did not differ from that of fresh sperm. The qRT-PCR results revealed that in the combination of 0.3 M glucose + CPAs, the level of HSP90 and GPx2 gene expression was found to be upregulated in frozen-thawed sperm on both periods. Whereas, the expression level of the HSP70 gene was down-regulated. On the contrary, in the combination of V2E + CPAs, the expression levels of HSP70, HSP90 and GPx2 genes could not be detected on both periods. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that the cryomedium (extender + cryoprotectant) has a more influential role in the motility and levels of gene expression in the frozen-thawed sperm of M. cephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - Sundaram Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Jha N, Madasamy S, Prasad P, Lakra AK, Esakkiraj P, Tilwani YM, Arul V. Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Polysaccharide Purified from Sonneratia caseolaris Mangrove Leaves: a Potential Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7832-7858. [PMID: 37093530 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the optimal parameters of the extraction condition by using the response surface methodology (RSM) from the leaves of Sonneratia caseolaris L. The result indicates the best-optimized conditions used for the extraction of polysaccharides at 84.02 °C temperature, 3.12 h time, and 27.31 mL/g for the water-to-material ratio. The maximum experimental yield of 8.81 ± 0.09% was obtained which is in agreement with the predicted value of 8.79%. Thereafter, low molecular weight polysaccharide (SCLP) was separated after sequentially being purified through column chromatography with a relative molecular weight of 3.74 kDa. The physicochemical properties were evaluated by characterization techniques such as FT-IR spectra, NMR spectrum, and SEM analysis. RP-HPLC analysis confirmed that SCLP was a heteropolysaccharide, majorly comprising rhamnose (28.25%), and xylose (27.17%) residues, followed by mannose (18.90%), and galactose (17.17%), respectively. Thermal analysis (TGA-DSC) results showed that SCLP is a highly thermostable polymer with a degradation temperature of 361.63 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns and tertiary structure analyses indicate that SCLP had a semi-crystalline polymer having a triple-helical configuration. Moreover, SCLP displayed potential antibiofilm ability for all the tested pathogens while stronger activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, SCLP has potential in vitro antioxidant activity on DPPH, ABTS radical, superoxide, and Fe2+ chelating. These findings indicate that the polysaccharide has potentially been used in functional food, cosmetics, and pharmacological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natwar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Sivagnanavelmurugan Madasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Karpagam University), Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prema Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Palanichamy Esakkiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Younus Mohd Tilwani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Tilwani YM, Lakra AK, Domdi L, Arul V. Preparation and functional characterization of the bio-composite film based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blended with bacterial exopolysaccharide EPS MC-5 having antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125496. [PMID: 37355066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the plate casting method was successfully used to prepare biocomposite films containing EPS from probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC-5 in combination with PVA and chitosan. The findings demonstrated that EPS was uniformly distributed in the film matrices and significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the resulting composite films. The development of intermolecular connections between the polymers was detected by high tensile strength and low water vapour transmission rate. EPS plays an important role in limiting the passage of UV- and visible light radiations through the films. FT-IR analysis was used to determine the molecular compatibility between the functional groups of the blended films made up of chitosan-EPS and PVA-EPS. The TGA results showed that composite films have a significant degree of thermal stability. The presence of amorphous peaks in the composite film was confirmed by XRD analysis. The EPS blended films displayed a greater antioxidant property than the PVA and chitosan films, as determined by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Interestingly, the EPS-derived films showed enhanced metal chelation activity and strong antibacterial properties against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. EPS-based composite films performed better than chitosan and PVA films in terms of degradation rate. The overall functional characteristics of the EPS blended films suggested that they could be used as a packaging material to replace or reduce the use of conventional petroleum-based packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younus Mohd Tilwani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India
| | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India
| | - Latha Domdi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India.
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Ramachandran B, Jha N, Arul V. Effect of cryopreservation on post-thaw motility and viability of Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus sperm (Linnaeus, 1758). Cryobiology 2023:S0011-2240(23)00038-X. [PMID: 37207975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we optimized a simple method of cryopreservation for Mugil cephalus sperm based on post-thaw motility and viability. A series of experiments were conducted by changing the extender, cryoprotectant and freezing height above the liquid nitrogen (LN) surface. First, we carried out the cryopreservation using the extender V2E and cryoprotective agents (CPAs) namely, propylene glycol (PG), methanol (MeOH), glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) and dimethylacetamide (DMA) at a final concentration of 5% and 10%. We found that 10% of GLY, EG and Me2SO were more suitable compared to other CPAs. Then, different freezing heights (6, 8, 10 and 12 cm) above the LN surface were experimented with extender V2E and optimized CPAs. Then, 0.3 M of glucose, sucrose and trehalose were tested as extender along with optimized CPAs and freezing height. Additionally, the effect of fast-rate freezing and storage days (7, 30 and 180) on post-thaw sperm quality was documented using the factors optimized in earlier experiments. For all experiments, the fresh sperm was diluted at a ratio of 1:1 with cryomedium (CPA + extender), loaded into cryovials (2.0 mL) and frozen. The cryopreserved sperm was thawed at 30 °C for 90-120 s and their quality was evaluated. Among the experimented factors, sperm diluted in cryomedium (0.3 M glucose + 10% EG) and frozen at 4 cm above the LN surface registered significantly (P < 0.05) highest post-thaw motility (73 ± 2%) and (71 ± 1%) viability. Fast-rate freezing has resulted in lower (about 30%) post-thaw motility and viability of sperm. The storage days (7, 30 and 180) did not have a significant effect on post-thaw sperm quality. Overall results show that using the factors optimized through this study, high-quality sperm can be obtained after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Natwar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Tilwani YM, Lakra AK, Domdi L, Jha N, Arul V. Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Properties of Selenium Nanoparticle Synthesized from Exopolysaccharide of Enterococcus faecium MC-5. BioNanoSci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Esakkiraj P, Bharathi C, Ayyanna R, Jha N, Panigrahi A, Karthe P, Arul V. Functional and molecular characterization of a cold-active lipase from Psychrobacter celer PU3 with potential a*ntibiofilm property. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:741-753. [PMID: 35504418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The lipase gene from Psychrobacter celer PU3 was cloned into pET-28a(+) expression vector and overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS cells. The purified Psychrobacter celer lipase (PCL) was characterized as an alkaline active enzyme and has a molecular mass of around 30 kDa. The PCL was active even at a low temperature and the optimum range was observed between 10 and 40 °C temperatures. MALDI-TOF and phylogenetic analysis ensued that Psychrobacter celer PU3 lipase (PCL) was closely related to P. aureginosa lipase (PAL). MD simulation results suggests that temperature change did not affect overall structure of PCL, but it may alter temperature- dependent PCL structural changes. R1 (129-135 AA) and R2 (187-191 AA) regions could be important for temperature-dependent PCL function as they fluctuate much at 35 °C temperature. PMSF completely inhibited PCL lipase activity and it demonstrates the presence of serine residues in the active site of PCL. PCL is moderately halophilic and most of the tested organic solvents found to be inhibiting the lipase activity except the solvents ethanol and methanol. PCL activity was increased with surfactants (SDS and CTAB) and bleaching agents (hydrogen peroxide). The effect of different metal ions on PCL resulted that only mercuric chloride was found as the enhancer of the lipase activity. Antibiofilm property of PCL was evaluated against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the diseased shrimp and MIC value was 500 U. PCL significantly altered the morphology and biofilm density of V. parahaemolyticus and the same was observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) imaging. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression level of biofilm, colony morphology and major toxin-related (aphA, luxS, opaR, tolC, toxR) genes of V. parahaemolyticus were significantly downregulated with PCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanichamy Esakkiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai 600 028, India
| | - Christian Bharathi
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Repally Ayyanna
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Natwar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Akshaya Panigrahi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai 600 028, India
| | - Ponnuraj Karthe
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
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Tilwani YM, Lakra AK, Domdi L, Yadav S, Jha N, Arul V. Optimization and physicochemical characterization of low molecular levan from Enterococcus faecium MC-5 having potential biological activities. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jha N, Sivagnanavelmurugan M, Prasad P, Lakra AK, Ayyanna R, Domdi L, Arul V. Physicochemical properties, preliminary characterization, and assessment of potential bioactivities of polysaccharide purified from the leaves of Avicennia marina. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lakra AK, Ramatchandirane M, Kumar S, Suchiang K, Arul V. Physico-chemical characterization and aging effects of fructan exopolysaccharide produced by Weissella cibaria MD2 on Caenorhabditis elegans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Domdi L, Lakra AK, Tilwani YM, Arul V. Physico-chemical characterization of biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU1 and its application in microbial enhance oil recovery. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020:jmb.2007.07001. [PMID: 33203824 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2007.07001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from transformer oil-contaminated soil. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU1 based on its molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The extraction of biosurfactant was done by acid precipitation method using 2 N hydrochloric acid and further purified by silica-gel column chromatography. The highest rhamnolipid biosurfactant production (8.92 ± 0.08 g/L) was obtained using molasses (6%, w/v) and ammonium nitrate (5%, w/v). The purified biosurfactant showed a reduction of surface tension of water from 70.23 mN/m to 29.77 mN/m at a concentration of 30 mg/L. The functional groups were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed six different rhamnolipid congeners with psuedomolecular ions (m/z) of 305, 361, 451, 505, 532 and 621. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the thermal analysis showed crystalline nature and thermal stability of the biosurfactant. The stability study of the biosurfactant reveals that the emulsifying activity was much stable at various ranges of temperature (4-120 °C), pH (2-12), and NaCl concentration (2-10%, w/v) even on the 7th day. The purified biosurfactant PU1 was found to be effective in oil recovery and showed 68.53 ± 3.07% of oil recovery in the sand pack column under saline condition, which was higher than anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The physico-chemical properties and the stability studies of the biosurfactant suggested that it has enormous potential in oil recovery in the soil contaminated with the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Domdi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Younus Mohd Tilwani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
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Arul V, Chandrasekaran P, Sethuraman M. Reduction of Congo red using nitrogen doped fluorescent carbon nanodots obtained from sprout extract of Borassus flabellifer. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lakra AK, Domdi L, Hanjon G, Tilwani YM, Arul V. Some probiotic potential of Weissella confusa MD1 and Weissella cibaria MD2 isolated from fermented batter. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lakra AK, Domdi L, Tilwani YM, Arul V. Physicochemical and functional characterization of mannan exopolysaccharide from Weissella confusa MD1 with bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:797-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yuvaraj N, Arul V. Sulfated polysaccharides of seagrass Halophila ovalis suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α-induced chemokine interleukin-8 secretion in HT-29 cell line. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 50:336-343. [PMID: 30783327 PMCID: PMC6364340 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_202_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of seagrass Halophila ovalis sulfated polysaccharide on HT-29 cell line. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Monosaccharides composition was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the functional groups were analyzed using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of crude extract and purified fractions was investigated in vitro. RESULTS: FT-IR spectra revealed that the presence of different functional groups and the presence of galactose (82.4%), xylose (7.6%), fructose (4.0%), mannose (2.0%), fucose (1.6%), glucose (1.2%), and arabinose (1.0%) was observed using LC-MS. Ho-SP and its fractions showed radical scavenging activity in hydroxyl, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay in a dose-dependent manner. Noticeable anti-inflammatory activity of purified fraction Ho FrIV (IC
50= 43.85 μg/ml) was observed in a noncytotoxic range of concentrations and inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion (0.27 ng/ml) in HT-29 cell line. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results presented in this study suggest that purified fraction Ho FrIV of Ho-SP could suppress the TNF-α-induced secretion of IL-8 in HT-29 and thus could be used as a promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory candidate with potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakandan Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Achariya Arts and Science College, Puducherry, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Ayyanna R, Ankaiah D, Arul V. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus mucosae AN1 and Lactobacillus fermentum SNR1 in Wistar Albino Rats. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3063. [PMID: 30619149 PMCID: PMC6301997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent antioxidant probiotic strains Lactobacillus mucosae AN1 and Lactobacillus fermentum SNR1 were assessed for anti-inflammatory properties in carrageenan (acute) and complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammation (chronic) models in the present study. The two probiotic strains were administered orally along with feed to the Wistar albino male rats as whole cell as well as microencapsulated form. The following experiments were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotic strains and the results were observed that the encapsulated and unencapsulated probiotic strains have exhibited statistically significant decrease in paw thickness. Percentage of inhibition in paw thickness of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria (Group VIII), unencapsulated strains (Group IX) were revealed 85 ± 13% and 77 ± 25%, respectively. In Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, results were revealed that the probiotic strains were exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation-induced paw tissues. qRT-PCR studies revealed upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes and down-regulation pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in probiotic-treated rat paw tissues. Further, the expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined using immunohistochemistry and ELISA methods. The probiotic administered rat paw tissue in different groups have exhibited the low level of lipid peroxides formation and higher anti-oxidant activities when compared to the control and inflammation control tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Repally Ayyanna
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Dasari Ankaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Maruthupandian D, Karunakaran K, Arul V. Right non recurrent laryngeal nerve associated with anomalous origin of right subclavian artery and a bicarotid trunk. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v15i3.22989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non recurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variation with an incidence in literature of 0.3 % to 1.6 % on the right side. This variation places the nerve at risk of inadvertent injury during head and neck surgeries. Awareness about this abnormality and meticulous dissection of the nerve in every case is the only way to stay safeguarded. Here we present a case of right non recurrent laryngeal nerve in a 32 years old female patient who underwent near total thyroidectomy for nontoxic multi nodular goitre. During surgery, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve could not be identified in its normal location. Further dissection revealed a non recurrent laryngeal nerve arising from the vagal trunk. A CT angiogram was done post operatively and showed an anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery as the last branch of the aortic arch and a bi-carotid trunk. Every surgeon operating on the neck should be aware of and anticipate this variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve especially when the nerve cannot be identified in the normal location.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.485-487
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Devi Avaiyarasi N, David Ravindran A, Venkatesh P, Arul V. In vitro selection, characterization and cytotoxic effect of bacteriocin of Lactobacillus sakei GM3 isolated from goat milk. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Venkatesh P, Balraj M, Ayyanna R, Ankaiah D, Arul V. Physicochemical and biosorption properties of novel exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus faecalis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Esakkiraj P, Meleppat B, Lakra AK, Ayyanna R, Arul V. Cloning, expression, characterization and application of protease produced by Bacillus cereus PMW8. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease enzyme of Bacillus cereus PMW8 possessing antibiofilm activity was cloned and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) PLysS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanichamy Esakkiraj
- Department of Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
| | - Balraj Meleppat
- Department of Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
| | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
| | - Repally Ayyanna
- Department of Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry
- India
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Abstract
During the past two decades probiotic bacteria have been increasingly proposed as health promoting bacteria in variety of food system, because of its safety, functional, and technological characteristics. Commonly, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Saccharomyces boulardii, and some other microorganisms have been considered as probiotic strains. Possibly these bacterial strains exerted several beneficial effects into gastrointestinal tract of host while administered with variety of food system. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) usually produce antimicrobial substances like bacteriocin which have broad spectrum of antagonist effect against closely related Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. LAB strains often produce polymeric substances such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) which increase the colonization of probiotic bacteria by cell-cell interactions in gastrointestinal tract. LAB also produces biosurfactant which showed that the wide range of antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogen as well as its antiadhesive properties reduces the adhesion of pathogens into gastric wall membrane. Furthermore, LAB strains have also been reported for production of antioxidants which are ability to scavenge the free radicals such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. For this sense, this review article is mainly focused on the ecology, biosynthesis, genetics, target sites, and applications of bacteriocins and EPS from LAB strains. Moreover, this review discusses about the production and functions of nutritive essential element folate and iron chelating agent such as siderophores from LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
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Yuvaraj N, Kanmani P, Satishkumar R, Paari A, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum wightii and Halophila ovalis sulfated polysaccharides in experimental animal models. J Med Food 2013; 16:740-8. [PMID: 23957357 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii (Sw-SP) and seagrass Halophila ovalis (Ho-SP) in nociceptive and inflammatory models. In the formalin test, Sw-SP and Ho-SP significantly reduced licking time in both phases of the test at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In the hot plate test, the antinociceptive effect was observed only in animals treated with 10 mg/kg of Sw-SP and 5, 10 mg/kg of Ho-SP, suggesting that the analgesic effect occurs through a central action mechanism at the higher dose. Sw-SP and Ho-SP (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan, especially at 3 h after treatment and potentially decreased neutrophil migration by 53% and 52%, respectively. In Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, there was a significant increase in the rat paw volume and decrease in body weight, but in Sw-SP- and Ho-SP-treated groups (10 mg/kg), a significant reduction in paw volume and a normal gain in body weight were observed. The present results indicate that Sw-SP and Ho-SP possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and have potential usefulness for development as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakandan Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Kanmani P, Suganya K, kumar RS, Yuvaraj N, Pattukumar V, Paari KA, Arul V. Synthesis and Functional Characterization of Antibiofilm Exopolysaccharide Produced by Enterococcus faecium MC13 Isolated from the Gut of Fish. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1001-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
This review describes the diversity of Indian fermented food and its significance as a potential source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Fermented foods consumed in India are categorized based upon their base material. Fermented foods such as dahi, gundruk, sinki, iniziangsang, iromba, fermented rai, kanjika and handua were reported to have significant medicinal properties. Some fermented products such as koozh, dahi and kanjika are consumed unknowingly as, probiotic drinks, by local people. There are very few reports regarding isolation of LAB from Indian fermented foods available in the past; however, due to growing consciousness about potential health benefits of LAB, we now have scores of reports in this field. There is an abundant opportunity available for food microbiologists to explore the Indian fermented foods for the isolation of new LAB strains for their potential role in probiotic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Satish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Kanmani P, Kumar RS, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Application of response surface methodology in the optimisation of a growth medium for enhanced natural preservative bacteriocin production by a probiotic bacterium. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:1539-43. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.565474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kanmani P, Kumar RS, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Erratum to “Effect of cryopreservation and microencapsulation of lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecium MC13 for long term storage” [Biochem. Eng. J. 58–59 (2011) 140–147]. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yuvaraj N, Kanmani P, Satishkumar R, Paari A, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Seagrass as a potential source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:458-467. [PMID: 22129224 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.611948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Halophila spp. is a strong medicine against malaria and skin diseases and is found to be very effective in early stages of leprosy. Seagrasses are nutraceutical in nature and therefore of importance as food supplements. OBJECTIVE The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Halophila ovalis R. Br. Hooke (Hydrocharitaceae) methanol extract were investigated and the chemical constituents of purified fractions were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant materials were collected from Pondicherry coastal line, and antimicrobial screening of crude extract, and purified fractions was carried out by the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of the purified fractions and reference antibiotics were determined by microdilution method. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated in vitro. Chemical constituents of purified fractions V and VI were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the phytochemicals were quantitatively determined. RESULTS Methanol extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 µg/mL and other Gram-negative pathogens at 75 µg/ml, except Vibrio vulnificus. Reducing power and total antioxidant level increased with increasing extract concentration. H. ovalis exhibited strong scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals at IC(50) of 0.13 and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract of H. ovalis showed noticeable anti-inflammatory activity at IC(50) of 78.72 µg/mL. The GC-MS analysis of H. ovalis revealed the presence of triacylglycerols as major components in purified fractions. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals revealed that phenols are rich in seagrass H. ovalis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that the methanol extract of H. ovalis exhibited appreciable antibacterial, noticeable antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and thus could be use as a potential source for natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Paari A, Kanmani P, Satishkumar R, Yuvaraj N, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Potential Function of a Novel Protective CultureEnterococcus faecium-MC13 Isolated From the Gut ofMughil cephalus: Safety Assessment and its Custom as Biopreservative. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2012.670891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumar RS, Kanmani P, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Thirunavukkarasu C, Arul V. Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 Isolated from South Indian Fermented Food Kallappam Suppress 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine (DMH)-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Male Wistar Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:620-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kanmani P, Kumar RS, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Cryopreservation and microencapsulation of a probiotic in alginate-chitosan capsules improves survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Kanmani P, Satish Kumar R, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Effect of cryopreservation and microencapsulation of lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecium MC13 for long-term storage. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Satish Kumar R, Kanmani P, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Purification and characterization of enterocin MC13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiontEnterococcus faeciumMC13 isolated from the gut ofMugil cephalus. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A bacteriocin producer strain MC13 was isolated from the gut of Mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as Enterococcus faecium . The bacteriocin of E. faecium MC13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by Tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 2.148 kDa. The clear zone in native PAGE corresponding to enterocin MC13 band further substantiated its molecular mass. A dialyzed sample (semicrude preparation) of enterocin MC13 was broad spectrum in its action and inhibited important seafood-borne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , and Vibrio vulnificus . This antibacterial substance was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes: trypsin, protease, and chymotrypsin but insensitive to catalase and lipase, confirming that inhibition was due to the proteinaceous molecule, i.e., bacteriocin, and not due to hydrogen peroxide. Enterocin MC13 tolerated heat treatment (up to 90 °C for 20 min). Enterococcus faecium MC13 was effective in bile salt tolerance, acid tolerance, and adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. These properties reveal the potential of E. faecium MC13 to be a probiotic bacterium. Enterococcus faecium MC13 could be used as potential fish probiotic against pathogens such as V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi , and Aeromonas hydrophila in fisheries. Also, this could be a valuable seafood biopreservative against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Satish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - P. Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - N. Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - K.A. Paari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - V. Pattukumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - V. Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Satish Kumar R, Kanmani P, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell line HT-29 and inhibits cell attachment by enterovirulent bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:481-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kanmani P, Satish Kumar R, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Optimization of media components for enhanced production of streptococcus phocae pi80 and its bacteriocin using response surface methodology. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:716-20. [PMID: 24031685 PMCID: PMC3769839 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110002000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard MRS components were optimized using response surface methodology for increasing yield of Streptococcus phocae PI80 viable cells and its bacteriocin. The highest amounts of bacteriocin activity and viable cells were recorded from prediction point of optimized MRS medium and achieved two fold higher (33049.8 AU.mL-1 and 14.05 LogCFU.mL-1) than un-optimized counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University , Pondicherry-605014 , India
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Kanmani P, Satish kumar R, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Optimization of media components for enhanced production of streptococcus phocae pi80 and its bacteriocin using response surface methodology. Braz J Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Paari A, Kanmani P, Satishkumar R, Yuvaraj N, Pattukumar V, Ponni S, Arul V. Erratum to: Biopreservation of Sardinella longiceps and Penaeus monodon Using Protective Culture Streptococcus phocae PI 80 Isolated from Marine Shrimp Penaeus indicus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2011; 3:112. [PMID: 26781575 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-011-9071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Paari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Ramraj Satishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Neelakandan Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Vellaiyan Pattukumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Siva Ponni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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36
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Kanmani P, Satish kumar R, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Production and purification of a novel exopolysaccharide from lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus phocae PI80 and its functional characteristics activity in vitro. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:4827-4833. [PMID: 21300540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Optimum culture conditions which ease the synthesis of a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a potent marine strain Streptococcus phocae was proposed in this study. The strain grows well at 35 °C, pH 7.0 and NaCl (2%) with lactose and yeast extract as best carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum yield of EPS (11.75 and 12.14 g/L) was obtained in the presence of lactose and yeast extract at a concentration of 20 g/L respectively. EPS was refined by gel filtration chromatography using phenyl Sepharose column which revealed the presence of arabinose, fructose and galactose sugar units with molecular mass about 2.8 × 10(5) Da. Emulsifying and flocculating stability of EPS compared with three commercial hydrocolloids. EPS exhibited better activities which are similar to that of commercial hydrocolloids. Both crude and purified EPS exhibited strong antioxidant potential by quenching hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Antibiofilm activity by inhibition of Gram positive and Gram negative biofilm forming bacteria was evident in our studies. Potential antioxidant activity and biofilm inhibiting property of EPS may lead to the development of novel food grade adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
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37
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Kanmani P, Satish kumar R, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Production and purification of a novel exopolysaccharide from lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus phocae PI80 and its functional characteristics activity in vitro. Bioresour Technol 2011. [PMID: 21300540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.118.epub2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Optimum culture conditions which ease the synthesis of a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a potent marine strain Streptococcus phocae was proposed in this study. The strain grows well at 35 °C, pH 7.0 and NaCl (2%) with lactose and yeast extract as best carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum yield of EPS (11.75 and 12.14 g/L) was obtained in the presence of lactose and yeast extract at a concentration of 20 g/L respectively. EPS was refined by gel filtration chromatography using phenyl Sepharose column which revealed the presence of arabinose, fructose and galactose sugar units with molecular mass about 2.8 × 10(5) Da. Emulsifying and flocculating stability of EPS compared with three commercial hydrocolloids. EPS exhibited better activities which are similar to that of commercial hydrocolloids. Both crude and purified EPS exhibited strong antioxidant potential by quenching hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Antibiofilm activity by inhibition of Gram positive and Gram negative biofilm forming bacteria was evident in our studies. Potential antioxidant activity and biofilm inhibiting property of EPS may lead to the development of novel food grade adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
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Paari A, Naidu HK, Kanmani P, Satishkumar R, Yuvaraj N, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Evaluation of Irradiation and Heat Treatment on Antioxidant Properties of Fruit Peel Extracts and Its Potential Application During Preservation of Goat Fish Parupenaeus indicus. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arul V, Masilamoni JG, Jesudason EP, Jaji PJ, Inayathullah M, Dicky John DG, Vignesh S, Jayakumar R. Glucose Oxidase Incorporated Collagen Matrices for Dermal Wound Repair in Diabetic Rat Models: A Biochemical Study. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:917-38. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328210390402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing in diabetes is a well-documented phenomenon. Emerging data favor the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of diabetic wound healing. We investigated the beneficial role of the sustained release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic dermal wound healing. In order to achieve the sustained delivery of ROS in the wound bed, we have incorporated glucose oxidase in the collagen matrix (GOIC), which is applied to the healing diabetic wound. Our in vitro proteolysis studies on incorporated GOIC show increased stability against the proteases in the collagen matrix. In this study, GOIC film and collagen film (CF) are used as dressing material on the wound of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A significant increase in ROS ( p < 0.05) was observed in the fibroblast of GOIC group during the inflammation period compared to the CF and control groups. This elevated level up regulated the antioxidant status in the granulation tissue and improved cellular proliferation in the GOIC group. Interestingly, our biochemical parameters nitric oxide, hydroxyproline, uronic acid, protein, and DNA content in the healing wound showed that there is an increase in proliferation of cells in GOIC when compared to the control and CF groups. In addition, evidence from wound contraction and histology reveals faster healing in the GOIC group. Our observations document that GOIC matrices could be effectively used for diabetic wound healing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Arul
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J. G. Masilamoni
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - E. P. Jesudason
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. J. Jaji
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Inayathullah
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D. G. Dicky John
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra University Chennai 600116, India
| | - S. Vignesh
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Jayakumar
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, 257 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kanmani P, Kumar RS, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V, Arul V. DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION MEDIUM FOR ENHANCED BACTERIOCIN PRODUCTION BY PROBIOTIC BACTERIUMEnterococcus faeciumMC13. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 41:40-52. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2010.534221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Satish Kumar R, Arul V. Purification and characterization of phocaecin PI80: an anti-listerial bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus phocae PI80 Isolated from the gut of Peneaus indicus (Indian white shrimp). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 19:1393-400. [PMID: 19996693 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.0901.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A bacteriocin-producing strain PI80 was isolated from the gut of Penaeus indicus (Indian white shrimp) and identified as Streptococcus phocae PI80. The bacteriocin was purified from a culture supernatant to homogeneity as confirmed by Tricine SDS-PAGE. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed a single active fraction eluted at 12.94 min, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 9.244 kDa. This molecular mass does not correspond to previously described streptococcal bacteriocins. The purified bacteriocin was named phocaecin PI80 from its producer strain, as this is the first report of bacteriocin production by Streptococcus phocae. The bacteriocin exhibited a broad spectrum of activity and inhibited important pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and V. fischeri. The antibacterial substance was also sensitive to proteolytic enzymes: trypsin, protease, pepsin, and chymotrypsin, yet insensitive to catalase, peroxidase, and diastase, confirming that the inhibition was due to a proteinaceous molecule (i.e., the bacteriocin), and not due to hydrogen peroxide or diacetyl. Phocaecin PI80 moderately tolerated heat treatment (up to 70 degrees for 10 min) and resisted certain solvents (acetone, ethanol, and butanol). A massive leakage of K+ ions from E. coli DH5alpha, L. monocytogenes, and V. parahaemolyticus was induced by phocaecin PI80, as measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES). Therefore, the results of this study show that phocaecin PI80 may be a useful tool for inhibiting L. monocytogenes in seafood products that do not usually undergo adequate heat treatment, whereas the cells of Streptococcus phocae PI80 could be used to control vibriosis in shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramraj Satish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Arul V. Purification and Characterization of Phocaecin PI80: An Anti-Listerial Bacteriocin Produced by Streptococcus phocae PI80 Isolated from the Gut of Peneaus indicus (Indian White Shrimp). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.0901.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Rajkannan R, Arul V, Malar EJP, Jayakumar R. Preparation, physiochemical characterization, and oral immunogenicity of Abeta(1-12), Abeta(29-40), and Abeta(1-42) loaded PLG microparticles formulations. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2027-39. [PMID: 18980172 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by the deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) protein in brain. The current AD immunotherapy aims to prevent Abeta plaque deposition and enhance its degradation in the brain. In this work, the peptides B-cell epitope Abeta(1-12), T-cell epitope Abeta(29-40) and full-length Abeta(1-42) were loaded separately to the poly (D,L-lactide co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles by using W/O/W double emulsion solvent evaporation method with entrapment efficacy of 70.46%, 60.93%, and 65.98%, respectively. The prepared Abeta PLG microparticles were smooth, spherical, individual, and nonporous in nature with diameters ranging from 2 to 12 microm. The cumulative in vitro release profiles of Abeta(1-12), Abeta(29-40), and Abeta(1-42) from PLG microparticles sustained for long periods and progressively reached to 73.89%, 69.29%, and 70.08% by week 15. In vitro degradation studies showed that the PLG microparticles maintained the surface integrity up to week 8 and eroded completely by week 16. Oral immunization of Abeta peptides loaded microparticles in mice elicited stronger immune response by inducing anti-Abeta antibodies for prolonged time (24 weeks). The physicochemical characterization and immunogenic potency of Abeta peptides incorporated PLG microparticles suggest that the microparticles formulation of Abeta can be a potential oral AD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkannan
- Bioorganic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jesudason EP, Sridhar S, Malar EP, Shanmugapandiyan P, Inayathullah M, Arul V, Selvaraj D, Jayakumar R. Synthesis, pharmacological screening, quantum chemical and in vitro permeability studies of N-Mannich bases of benzimidazoles through bovine cornea. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:2307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Swain SM, Singh C, Arul V. Inhibitory activity of probiotics Streptococcus phocae PI80 and Enterococcus faecium MC13 against Vibriosis in shrimp Penaeus monodon. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jesudason EP, Masilamoni JG, Ashok BS, Baben B, Arul V, Jesudoss KS, Jebaraj WCE, Dhandayuthapani S, Vignesh S, Jayakumar R. Inhibitory effects of short-term administration of dl-α-lipoic acid on oxidative vulnerability induced by Aβ amyloid fibrils (25–35) in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 311:145-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Arul V, Gopinath D, Gomathi K, Jayakumar R. Biotinylated GHK peptide incorporated collagenous matrix: A novel biomaterial for dermal wound healing in rats. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 73:383-91. [PMID: 15803494 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Matrikines are small peptide fragments of extracellular matrix proteins that display potent tissue repair activities. Difficulties in achieving sustained delivery of bioactive concentration of matrikines in the affected area limits their therapeutic use. The present study evaluates the effects biotinylated matrikine peptide (bio-glycyl-histidyl-lysine) incorporated collagen membrane for dermal wound healing processes in rats. Biotinylated peptide incorporated collagen matrix (PIC) showed better healing when compared to wounds treated with collagen matrix [CF (collagen film)] and without collagen [CR (control)]. Binding studies indicate that biotinylated GHK (Bio-GHK) binds effectively to the collagen matrix and red blood cell (RBC) membrane when compared with t-butyloxycarbonyl substituted GHK (Boc-GHK). Wound contraction, increased cell proliferation, and high expression of antioxidant enzymes in PIC treated group indicate enhanced wound healing activity when compared to CF and CR groups. Interestingly Bio-GHK incorporated collagen increases the copper concentration by ninefold at the wound site indicating the wound healing property of Bio-GHK can also be linked with both copper localization and matrikine activities. These results demonstrate the possibility of using Bio-GHK incorporated collagen film as a therapeutic agent in the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arul
- Bio-Organic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, India
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Arul V, Miyazaki S, Dhananjayan R. Mechanisms of the contractile effect of the alcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. on isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain. Phytomedicine 2004; 11:679-683. [PMID: 15636185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2002.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. on guinea pig isolated ileum and tracheal chain was investigated, as this plant is used traditionally to treat asthma and related afflictions. These effects were investigated using the isolated organ bath method. 1 mg/ml and 2mg/ml doses of the alcoholic extract of this plant produced a positive relaxant effect in isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain, respectively. In addition, they antagonized the contractions, which are produced by histamine. Because the alcoholic extracts elicited the antagonistic effect against histamine and also relaxed the histamine-induced contractions, it can be concluded that relaxations induced by A. marmelos in both guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain were due to the depression of H1-receptors. Since we observed a complete relaxation of the guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain produced by the extract, we investigated its antagonistic effect against histamine. These results were due to the presence of one or more anti-histaminic constituents present in the alcoholic extract of this plant, therefore supporting to the traditional use of A. marmelos in asthmatic complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arul
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Marian MP, Arul V, Pandian TJ. Acute and chronic effect of carbaryl on survival, growth, and metamorphosis in the bullfrog (Rana tigrina). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1983; 12:271-275. [PMID: 6411006 DOI: 10.1007/bf01059402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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