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Markofski MM, Jennings K, Hodgman CF, Warren VE, LaVoy EC. Physical activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is linked to better mood and emotion. Stress Health 2022; 38:490-499. [PMID: 34775682 PMCID: PMC8646766 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may negatively impact mood and emotion. Physical activity may protect against mood disturbance and promote positive affect. This study asked if physical activity before, during, or the change in physical activity with the pandemic, impacted affect and mood during the pandemic. US adult residents (18-74 years; N = 338) were surveyed from 29 April to 3 June 2020. Physical activity before and during the pandemic was assessed with the Physical Activity Rating survey. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule measured affect and the Profile of Moods Questionnaire assessed mood. Comparisons between physically inactive and active participants by Analysis of Covariance found greater vigour in participants classed as physically active before the pandemic. Positive affect, vigour and esteem-related affect were greater in participants physically active during the pandemic. Multiple linear regression revealed relationships between the change in physical activity and mood. Change in physical activity positively associated with positive affect (b = 1.06), esteem-related affect (b = 0.33) and vigour (b = 0.53), and negatively associated with negative affect (b = -0.47), total mood disturbance (b = -2.60), tension (b = -0.31), anger (b = -0.24), fatigue (b = -0.54), depression (b = -0.50) and confusion (b = -0.23). These data demonstrate that physical activity during the pandemic, and increased physical activity relative to before the pandemic, related to better mood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Charles F. Hodgman
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Victoria E. Warren
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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Graff RM, Jennings K, LaVoy ECP, Warren VE, Macdonald BW, Park Y, Markofski MM. T-cells in response to acute cardiorespiratory or resistance exercise in physically active or physically inactive older adults: A randomized crossover study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:119-129. [PMID: 35616304 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00301.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells often undergo age-related changes, but regular exercise training may offset these age-related changes. However, the majority of literature is derived from cardiorespiratory exercise studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute cardiorespiratory exercise and acute resistance exercise on the T-cell response among physically active older adults (PA) compared to physically inactive older adults (PI). METHODS Twenty-four healthy older adults (PA n=12; PI n=12; mean ± SD; age (yrs) PA 62 ± 5, PI 64 ± 5; BMI (kg/m2) PA 23.9 ± 3.0, PI 25.6 ± 3.5) completed one bout each of matched intensity cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance exercise in a randomized order. Blood samples drawn pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 1h post-exercise (recovery) were analyzed by flow cytometry for T-cells and T-cell subsets. RESULTS Resistance exercise mobilized more T-cell subsets in PI (10 of the measured types, including total T-cells; CD45RA+ CD62L+, CD45RA- CD62L+, CD45RA- CD62L-, and CD45RA+ CD62L- T-cells), whereas cardiorespiratory exercise mobilized more subsets in PA (CD45RA+ CD62L- and CD57+ CD45RA+ CD62L- CD4+ T-cells). Both cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance exercise elicited a significant (p<0.05) mobilization of highly-differentiated (CD45RA+ CD62L-; CD57+ CD45RA+ CD62L-) CD8+ T-cells into the circulation post-exercise in both PA and PI groups. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory exercise resulted in a decrease in the number of circulating Th17 cells post-exercise, while resistance exercise increased Th17 cell mobilization compared to the cardiorespiratory exercise response. CONCLUSION There are differences between cardiorespiratory exercise and resistance exercise on the immune responses of T-cells, particularly in PI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Graff
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily C P LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Victoria E Warren
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brad W Macdonald
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa M Markofski
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Markofski MM, Jennings K, Hodgman CF, Warren VE, LaVoy EC. Decrease In Physical Activity During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Linked To Depression In Women But Not Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000762760.34284.2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Warren VE, McPherson C, Giorli G, Goetz KT, Radford CA. Marine soundscape variation reveals insights into baleen whales and their environment: a case study in central New Zealand. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:201503. [PMID: 33959320 PMCID: PMC8074962 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Baleen whales reliably produce stereotyped vocalizations, enabling their spatio-temporal distributions to be inferred from acoustic detections. Soundscape analysis provides an integrated approach whereby vocal species, such as baleen whales, are sampled holistically with other acoustic contributors to their environment. Acoustic elements that occur concurrently in space, time and/or frequency can indicate overlaps between free-ranging species and potential stressors. Such information can inform risk assessment framework models. Here, we demonstrate the utility of soundscape monitoring in central New Zealand, an area of high cetacean diversity where potential threats are poorly understood. Pygmy blue whale calls were abundant in the South Taranaki Bight (STB) throughout recording periods and were also detected near Kaikōura during autumn. Humpback, Antarctic blue and Antarctic minke whales were detected in winter and spring, during migration. Wind, rain, tidal and wave activity increased ambient sound levels in both deep- and shallow-water environments across a broad range of frequencies, including those used by baleen whales, and sound from shipping, seismic surveys and earthquakes overlapped in time, space and frequency with whale calls. The results highlight the feasibility of soundscape analysis to quantify and understand potential stressors to free-ranging species, which is essential for conservation and management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Warren
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Road, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Craig McPherson
- JASCO Applied Sciences (Australia) Pty Ltd, 14 Hook Street, Unit 1, Capalaba QLD 4157, Australia
| | - Giacomo Giorli
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly T. Goetz
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Craig A. Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Road, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
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Alcázar-Treviño J, Johnson M, Arranz P, Warren VE, Pérez-González CJ, Marques T, Madsen PT, Aguilar de Soto N. Deep-diving beaked whales dive together but forage apart. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20201905. [PMID: 33402065 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Echolocating animals that forage in social groups can potentially benefit from eavesdropping on other group members, cooperative foraging or social defence, but may also face problems of acoustic interference and intra-group competition for prey. Here, we investigate these potential trade-offs of sociality for extreme deep-diving Blainville's and Cuvier's beaked whales. These species perform highly synchronous group dives as a presumed predator-avoidance behaviour, but the benefits and costs of this on foraging have not been investigated. We show that group members could hear their companions for a median of at least 91% of the vocal foraging phase of their dives. This enables whales to coordinate their mean travel direction despite differing individual headings as they pursue prey on a minute-by-minute basis. While beaked whales coordinate their echolocation-based foraging periods tightly, individual click and buzz rates are both independent of the number of whales in the group. Thus, their foraging performance is not affected by intra-group competition or interference from group members, and they do not seem to capitalize directly on eavesdropping on the echoes produced by the echolocation clicks of their companions. We conclude that the close diving and vocal synchronization of beaked whale groups that quantitatively reduces predation risk has little impact on foraging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alcázar-Treviño
- BIOECOMAC, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain
| | - Mark Johnson
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Patricia Arranz
- BIOECOMAC, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain.,Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Victoria E Warren
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Road, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
| | - Carlos J Pérez-González
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain
| | - Tiago Marques
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6 - Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter T Madsen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C.F. Moellers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Natacha Aguilar de Soto
- BIOECOMAC, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n. 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain
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Warren VE, Constantine R, Noad M, Garrigue C, Garland EC. Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:201084. [PMID: 33391798 PMCID: PMC7735341 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population. To investigate migratory routes and breeding area connections, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the central New Zealand migratory corridor (2016); recorded humpback whale song was compared to song from the closest breeding populations of East Australia and New Caledonia (2015-2017). Singing northbound whales migrated past New Zealand from June to August via the east coast of the South Island and Cook Strait. Few song detections were made along the east coast of the North Island. New Zealand song matched New Caledonia song, suggesting a migratory destination, but connectivity to East Australia could not be ruled out. Two song types were present in New Zealand, illustrating the potential for easterly song transmission from East Australia to New Caledonia in this shared migratory corridor. This study enhances our understanding of western South Pacific humpback whale breeding population connectivity, and provides novel insights into the dynamic transmission of song culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Warren
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Road, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Author for correspondence: Victoria E. Warren e-mail:
| | - Rochelle Constantine
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Road, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael Noad
- Cetacean Ecology and Acoustics Laboratories, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Garrigue
- UMR Entropie (IRD, Université de La Réunion, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, IFREMER, CNRS) BP A5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Opération Cétacés, 98802 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Ellen C. Garland
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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Warren VE, Graff RM, LaVoy EC, Markofski MM. Treadmill Walking Increases Percent Of Circulating Monocytes (CD14+) Expressing CX3CR1 In Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683752.87997.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heaven SE, Smith DL, Volk GA, Chan DY, Moland HN, Warren VE, Timmerman KL. Relationship Between Physical Function, Diet, And Body Composition With Postural Limits Of Stability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561562.59943.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Warren VE, Loss KD, Timmerman KL. Correlations Among Subjective vs. Objective Physical Activity, Diet, and Medication Use in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535877.97543.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thomas CA, Warren VE, Frindt KM, Herman KR, Shine JL, Ballard KD, Timmerman KL. Associations Among Age, Physical Activity, and Serum Resistin and Adiponectin Levels. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538730.34174.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Warren VE, Rigot MC, Loss KD, Osbun CA, Timmerman KL. Correlates Among Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517684.61217.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Loss KD, Tyree LM, Owens KL, Warren VE, Timmerman KL. The Relationship Of Physical Activity Level (Self-reported Versus Objectively Measured) With Depression, Satisfaction With Life, And Cognitive Function In Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518176.22369.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tyree LM, Loss KD, Owens KL, Warren VE, Horn TS, Timmerman KL. Comparative Influence of Exercise Self-efficacy and Physical Activity on Depression in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518459.03826.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Warren VE, Marques TA, Harris D, Thomas L, Tyack PL, Aguilar de Soto N, Hickmott LS, Johnson MP. Spatio-temporal variation in click production rates of beaked whales: Implications for passive acoustic density estimation. J Acoust Soc Am 2017; 141:1962. [PMID: 28372060 DOI: 10.1121/1.4978439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring has become an increasingly prevalent tool for estimating density of marine mammals, such as beaked whales, which vocalize often but are difficult to survey visually. Counts of acoustic cues (e.g., vocalizations), when corrected for detection probability, can be translated into animal density estimates by applying an individual cue production rate multiplier. It is essential to understand variation in these rates to avoid biased estimates. The most direct way to measure cue production rate is with animal-mounted acoustic recorders. This study utilized data from sound recording tags deployed on Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris, 19 deployments) and Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris, 16 deployments) beaked whales, in two locations per species, to explore spatial and temporal variation in click production rates. No spatial or temporal variation was detected within the average click production rate of Blainville's beaked whales when calculated over dive cycles (including silent periods between dives); however, spatial variation was detected when averaged only over vocal periods. Cuvier's beaked whales exhibited significant spatial and temporal variation in click production rates within vocal periods and when silent periods were included. This evidence of variation emphasizes the need to utilize appropriate cue production rates when estimating density from passive acoustic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Warren
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, Scotland
| | - Tiago A Marques
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, Scotland
| | - Danielle Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, Scotland
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, Scotland
| | - Peter L Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Natacha Aguilar de Soto
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, Scotland
| | - Leigh S Hickmott
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Mark P Johnson
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, Scotland
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