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Ilonze C, Rai P, Galadanci N, Zahr R, Okhomina VI, Kang G, Padmanabhan D, Lebensburger J, Alishlash AS. Association of elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity with cerebrovascular and kidney disease in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024:e31002. [PMID: 38644595 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV), measured by echocardiography, is a surrogate marker for pulmonary hypertension. Limited pediatric studies have considered the association between TRV and surrogate markers of end-organ disease. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study that evaluated the prevalence of elevated TRV ≥2.5 m/s and its associations with renal and cerebrovascular outcomes in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) 1-21 years of age in two large sickle cell cohorts, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) sickle cell cohort, and the Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program (SCCRIP) cohort at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. We hypothesized that patients with SCD and elevated TRV would have higher odds of having either persistent albuminuria or cerebrovascular disease. RESULTS We identified 166 children from the UAB cohort (mean age: 13.49 ± 4.47 years) and 325 children from the SCCRIP cohort (mean age: 13.41 ± 3.99 years) with echocardiograms. The prevalence of an elevated TRV was 21% in both UAB and SCCRIP cohorts. Elevated TRV was significantly associated with cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-3.15; p = .017) and persistent albuminuria (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.07-3.06; p = .028) after adjusting for age, sex, treatment, and site. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional, multicenter study identifies associations between surrogate markers of pulmonary hypertension with kidney disease and cerebrovascular disease. A prospective study should be performed to evaluate the longitudinal outcomes for patients with multiple surrogate markers of end-organ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Ilonze
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Parul Rai
- Division of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Najibah Galadanci
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rima Zahr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dakshin Padmanabhan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lebensburger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ammar Saadoon Alishlash
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Alberts NM, Gilbert A, Kang G, Okhomina VI, Flynn JS, Hodges J, Hankins JS, Klosky JL. Agreement between youth and caregiver report of pain and functioning in pediatric sickle cell disease: PedsQL sickle cell disease module. Pain 2024; 165:715-722. [PMID: 37878652 PMCID: PMC10859845 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is a primary symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD) and is often severe and chronic. To treat SCD-related pain, proper assessment of SCD pain among youth, including the degree of concordance or agreement between youth and caregiver reports of pain, is essential but has not yet been adequately evaluated. In this study, 525 youth with SCD and their parents were evaluated as part of the Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program (SCCRIP) to examine pain rating concordance and predictors of concordance. Youth and parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Sickle Cell Disease module (PedsQL-SCD) to measure pain, pain interference, and pain-related constructs. Disease, clinical, and demographic variables were obtained from the SCCRIP database. Intraclass correlations demonstrated moderate-to-poor consistency between youth and caregiver reports of pain and pain interference (ICCs range from 0.17 to 0.54). Analysis of covariance and regression models found that patient age, frequency of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, economic hardship, and fetal hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with varying pain-rating agreement levels among parent proxy and child self-report pain. Concordance of pain assessments among youth with SCD and their caregivers using the PedsQL-SCD Module was moderate at best, corroborating prior research. Youth factors predicting discordance among pain-related factors included increased ED visits, older age, and female sex. Collectively, these results bolster the use of integrated pain assessments to reduce parent-child discrepancies, thereby improving the adequacy of SCD-related pain assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Alberts
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jason Hodges
- Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jane S. Hankins
- Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - James L. Klosky
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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3
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Heitzer AM, Okhomina VI, Trpchevska A, MacArthur E, Longoria J, Potter B, Raches D, Johnson A, Porter JS, Kang G, Hankins JS. Social determinants of neurocognitive and academic performance in sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30259. [PMID: 36815529 PMCID: PMC10339212 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with poor neurocognitive outcomes due to biomedical and psychosocial factors. The aims of this study were to investigate associations between household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with cognitive and academic outcomes in SCD and to determine if these relationships were modified by sickle genotype, fetal hemoglobin, or age. PROCEDURE We prospectively recruited patients to complete a battery of neurocognitive and academic measures. Household SES was measured using the Barratt Simplified Measure of Social Status, a composite index of parent education and occupation. The Social Vulnerability Index was used to classify individuals based on social vulnerabilities at the neighborhood level. RESULTS Overall, 299 patients between the ages of 4 and 18 (mean = 11.4, standard deviation = 4.3) years diagnosed with SCD (57% SS/SB0 -thalassemia) completed testing. Stepwise multivariate models demonstrated that patients with low social vulnerability (i.e., high SES) at the neighborhood level displayed intelligence and math scores that were 4.70 and 7.64 points higher than those living in areas with moderate social vulnerability, respectively (p < .05). Reading performance did not differ based on neighborhood SES; however, the effect of neighborhood SES was dependent on age, such that older participants living in neighborhoods with moderate or high levels of social vulnerability displayed poorer reading scores than those with low social vulnerability (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified patients with SCD at higher risk of poor academic performance based on SES. Interventions addressing academic difficulties should be offered to all children with SCD, but should be emergently offered to this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Trpchevska
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Psychology
| | - Erin MacArthur
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Psychology
| | | | - Brian Potter
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Psychology
| | - Darcy Raches
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Psychology
| | - Ayanna Johnson
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Psychology
| | | | - Guolian Kang
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Jane S. Hankins
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Hematology
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4
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Rai P, Okhomina VI, Kang G, Martinez HR, Hankins JS, Joshi V. Longitudinal effect of disease-modifying therapy on left ventricular diastolic function in children with sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:838-847. [PMID: 36890729 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac abnormalities seen in sickle cell anemia (SCA) include diastolic dysfunction, which has been shown to be associated with high morbidity and early mortality. The effect of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) on diastolic dysfunction is poorly understood. We prospectively evaluated the effects of hydroxyurea and monthly erythrocyte transfusions on diastolic function parameters over 2 years. A total of 204 subjects with HbSS or HbSβ0-thalassemia (mean age 11 ± 3.7 years), unselected for disease severity, had diastolic function assessed with surveillance echocardiograms twice, 2 years apart. During this 2-year observation period, 112 participants received DMTs (hydroxyurea, n = 72, monthly erythrocyte transfusions, n = 40), 34 initiated hydroxyurea, and 58 did not receive any DMT. The entire cohort showed an increase in left atrial volume index (LAVi) of 3.40 ± 10.86 mL/m2, p = .001 over 2 years. This increase in LAVi was independently associated with anemia, high baseline E/e' or LV dilation. Individuals not exposed to DMT were younger (mean age 8.8 ± 2.9 years), but at baseline their prevalence of abnormal diastolic parameters was similar to that of the DMT-exposed participants who were older (mean age 12 ± 3.8 years). Participants on DMTs saw no improvement in diastolic function over the study period. In fact, participants on hydroxyurea saw a possible worsening in diastolic parameters (14% increase in LAVi and ~5% decrease in septal e') but also a ~9% decrease in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate if exposure to DMT for a longer duration or achieving higher HbF might be beneficial in alleviating diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Rai
- Departments of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hugo R Martinez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Cardiology consultants, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jane S Hankins
- Departments of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vijaya Joshi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Cardiology consultants, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Rai P, Okhomina VI, Kang G, Akil N, Towbin JA, Hankins JS, Beasley G. The effects of cardio-selective β blockade on diastolic dysfunction in children with sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2022; 108:594-598. [PMID: 36200422 PMCID: PMC9890014 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Rai
- Departments of Hematology and Biostatistics.
| | | | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Nour Akil
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- Heart Institute, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital,Cardio-Oncology/Hematology Services, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jane S. Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Gary Beasley
- Heart Institute, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital,Cardio-Oncology/Hematology Services, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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6
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Jackson E, Karlson CW, Herring W, Okhomina VI, Lim CS, Morrow A, Daggett C, Arnold L, McNaull M. Prevalence of raised body mass index in paediatric sickle cell disease. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:1829-1835. [PMID: 35822947 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have historically weighed less than their healthy peers. More recently, a retrospective chart review from six institutions in New England reported nearly one-quarter of children and adolescents with SCD had raised body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to examine rates of children with SCD with raised BMI in Mississippi compared to state and national norms and assess the correlation between haemoglobin and BMI. METHODS A retrospective chart review of paediatric patients with SCD at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) was conducted using data from the most recent clinic visit. Mississippi and national weight status estimates for youth 10-17 years were obtained from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. RESULTS For youth 10-17 years with SCD (n = 345), 21.4.% of children with SS/Sβ° and 36.1% with SC/Sβ+ had raised BMI compared to Mississippi and national rates, 39.2 and 31%, respectively. The prevalence of children with raised BMI with SC/Sβ+ did not differ from state and national rates, while children with SS/Sβ° were half as likely as their Mississippi peers to have raised BMI. Haemoglobin levels were different among children with SCD who had low BMI (8.80 g/dL), average BMI (9.2 g/dL) and raised BMI (10.5 g/dL) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with SCD evaluated at UMMC have similar rates of raised BMI compared to state and national norms. Children with raised BMI have higher mean haemoglobin levels compared to children with SCD with low or average BMI. IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION Historically, patients with SCD have been underweight and normal weight. Our paediatric and adolescent patients with SCD now have prevalence rates of raised BMI that approach state and national rates. Further work must be done to determine whether this reflects healthier children with SCD or raises concerns about life-style-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Cynthia W Karlson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Whitney Herring
- Mississippi Center for Advanced Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Crystal S Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Anne Morrow
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States.,College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States
| | - Caroline Daggett
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Laura Arnold
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Melissa McNaull
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Heitzer AM, Longoria J, Rampersaud E, Rashkin SR, Estepp JH, Okhomina VI, Wang WC, Raches D, Potter B, Steinberg MH, King AA, Kang G, Hankins JS. Fetal hemoglobin modulates neurocognitive performance in sickle cell anemia ✰,✰✰. Curr Res Transl Med 2022; 70:103335. [PMID: 35303690 PMCID: PMC9086114 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a modifier of the clinical and hematologic phenotype of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) modulate HbF expression. The neurocognitive effects of variants in these QTL have yet to be explored. We evaluated the relation between 11 SNPs in the three HbF QTL: BCL11A, MYB, the HBB gene cluster, and full-scale intelligence (IQ) in SCA. PATIENTS AND METHODS The prospective longitudinal cohort study, Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program, was used as a discovery cohort (n = 166). The genotypes for 11 SNPs were extracted through whole genome sequencing and were analyzed using an additive model. A polygenic score for HbF (PGSHbF) integrating the numbers of low HbF alleles from 11 SNPs was analyzed as a continuous variable. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (n = 156) and the Silent Cerebral Infarction Transfusion (n = 114) Trial were used as two independent replication cohorts. Benjamini and Hochberg approach was used to calculate false discovery rate adjusted p-value (pFDR). RESULTS HbF was positively associated with IQ (minimum raw p = 0·0018) at pFDR<0·05. HbF mediated the relationship between two BCL11A SNPs, rs1427407 and rs7606173, HBS1L-MYB: rs9494142, and PGSHbF with IQ (minimum raw p = 0·0035) at pFDR<0·05. CONCLUSION As the major modulator of the severity of SCA, HbF also influences neurocognition, which is done through mediation of its QTL. These findings have implications for early identification of neurocognitive risk and targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Heitzer
- Departments of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
| | - Jennifer Longoria
- Departments of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sara R Rashkin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Winfred C Wang
- Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Darcy Raches
- Departments of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Brian Potter
- Departments of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Allison A King
- Program in Occupational Therapy and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Guolian Kang
- Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Departments of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jane S Hankins
- Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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8
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Boggs J, Freeman M, Okhomina VI, Kang G, Heitzer AM, Wang WC. Reading intervention targeting phonemic awareness and symbol imagery in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29561. [PMID: 34989462 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently have diminished academic attainment and are particularly vulnerable to reading dysfunction. We explored the effectiveness of a multisensory reading intervention offered during the summer to children with SCD at our institution. Subjects with reading deficits were identified through parent report, clinical findings, or school meetings. Summer reading programs utilizing Phonemic Awareness and Symbol Imagery were provided. The Lindamood-Bell Auditory Conceptualization/Phonemic Awareness Test, Third Edition (LAC-3), and the Symbol Imagery Test were used as pre- and postintervention examinations to measure progress. Fifteen students (median age 9.4 years, range 6-14 years, eight females, all African American) received the Phonemic Awareness intervention, two times a week for 6 weeks. The subjects showed statistically significant gains in standard scores derived from the LAC-3 (mean change 7.9 points, p < .001), with associated improvements in age equivalency (AE) and grade equivalency (GE). Twenty-nine students (median age 9 years, range 6-17 years, 13 females, all African American) participated in the Symbol Imagery reading program, also two times a week for 6 weeks. These students showed significant gains in overall standard scores (mean change 9.8 points, p < .001). Although results should be interpreted with caution due to small sample sizes, we found that summer reading clinics for children with SCD improved phonological processing and symbol imagery skills, potentially leading to substantial gains in reading capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Boggs
- Hematology Academic Programs, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Molly Freeman
- Hematology Academic Programs, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew M Heitzer
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Winfred C Wang
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Heitzer AM, Cohen DL, Okhomina VI, Trpchevska A, Potter B, Longoria J, Porter JS, Estepp JH, King A, Henley M, Kang G, Hankins JS. Neurocognitive functioning in preschool children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29531. [PMID: 34971013 PMCID: PMC9207743 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience neurodevelopmental delays; however, there is limited research with preschool-age children. This study examined neurocognitive risk and protective factors in preschoolers with SCD. PROCEDURE Sixty-two patients with SCD (60% HbSS/HbSβ0 -thalassemia; 40% HbSC/HbSβ+ -thalassemia) between the ages of 3 and 6 years (mean = 4.77 years) received a neuropsychological evaluation as routine systematic surveillance. Patients were not selected for disease severity, prior central nervous system findings, or existing cognitive concerns. Thirty-four patients (82% HbSS/HbSβ0 -thalassemia) were prescribed hydroxyurea (HU) at the time of their neuropsychological evaluation. On average, these patients had been prescribed HU at 2.15 (standard deviation = 1.45) years of age. The average dose was 28.8 mg/kg/day. Besides genotype, there were no group differences in medical or demographic factors based on HU treatment status. RESULTS Patients with HbSS/HbSβ0 -thalassemia scored below normative expectations on measures of intelligence, verbal comprehension, and school readiness (false discovery rate-adjusted p-value [pFDR ] < .05). Age, sickle genotype, and HU treatment exposure were not associated with measured neurocognitive outcomes (pFDR > .05). Greater social vulnerability at the community level was associated with poorer performance on measures of intellectual functioning, verbal comprehension, visuomotor control, and school readiness, as well as parent report of executive dysfunction (pFDR < .05). Greater household socioeconomic status was positively associated with academic readiness. CONCLUSIONS Preschoolers with severe SCD (HbSS/HbSβ0 -thalassemia) perform below age expectations on measures of intelligence and academic readiness. Sociodemographic factors were stronger drivers of neurocognitive performance than disease severity or disease-modifying treatment. Neurodevelopmental interventions targeting the home and broader community environment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Heitzer
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Diana L. Cohen
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Ana Trpchevska
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Brian Potter
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jennifer Longoria
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jerlym S. Porter
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jeremie H. Estepp
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Allison King
- Program in Occupational Therapy and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Misham Henley
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jane S. Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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10
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Okhomina VI, Seals SR, Anugu P, Adu-Boateng G, Sims M, Marshall GD. Adherence and retention of African Americans in a randomized controlled trial with a yoga-based intervention: the effects of health promoting programs on cardiovascular disease risk study. Ethn Health 2020; 25:812-824. [PMID: 29609480 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1458073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few alternative lifestyle interventions, such as yoga practice, focus on African Americans (AA), the population most vulnerable to CVD. Our objective is to compare the retention and adherence rates between yoga, walking, and health education interventions while providing information about the acceptance of various yoga regimens. Design: Three hundred seventy-five AA participants were recruited exclusively from an active cohort study and randomized into a 48-week study (24 weeks intervention, 24 weeks follow-up) with 5 health promotion interventions: high frequency yoga, moderate frequency yoga, low frequency yoga, guided walking, and health education. In addition to examining the separate yoga interventions, a pooled yoga intervention is considered for comparison to guided walking and health education. Participant retention, adherence, and vitals were monitored at each intervention session. Participants were also scheduled for four clinic visits throughout the study where blood panels, health behavior, and medication surveys were administered. Results: Of the 375 participants recruited, 31.7% did not complete the study. At baseline, in both the guided walking group and the high frequency yoga group, there were significant differences between those who completed the study and those who did not. Although intervention retention in the pooled yoga program (78.3%) was higher compared to the walking (60%) and education programs (74.3%) (p = 0.007), differences in post-intervention retention was not significant. Median adherence rates for the pooled yoga program exceeded rates for guided walking and education with moderate frequency yoga out performing high and low frequency yoga. Conclusion: Study-defined retention success rates were not reached by all health promotion programs. However, retention and adherence rates for the pooled yoga program show that older African Americans are receptive to participating in yoga-based health promotion practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Samantha R Seals
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Pramod Anugu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Godwin Adu-Boateng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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11
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Okhomina VI, Seals SR, Marshall GD. Recruitment and enrollment of African Americans into health promoting programs: the effects of health promoting programs on cardiovascular disease risk study. Ethn Health 2020; 25:825-834. [PMID: 29611712 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1458074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) often employ multiple recruitment methods to attract participants, however, special care must be taken to be inclusive of under-represented populations. We examine how recruiting from an existing observational study affected the recruitment of African Americans into a RCT that included yoga-based interventions. In particular, we report the recruitment success of The Effects of Health Promoting Programs (HPP) on Cardiovascular Disease Risk (NCT02019953), the first yoga-based clinical trial to focus only on African Americans. Design: To recruit participants, a multifaceted recruitment strategy was implemented exclusively in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort. The HPP recruited from the JHS cohort using direct mailings, signs and flyers placed around JHS study facilities, and through JHS annual follow-up interviews. Results: Enrollment into HPP was open to all active JHS participants that were eligible to return for the third clinic exam (n = 4644). The target sample size was 375 JHS participants over a 24 month recruitment and enrollment period. From the active members of the JHS cohort, 503 were pre-screened for eligibility in HPP. More than 90% of those pre-screened were provisionally eligible for the study. The enrollment goal of 375 was completed after a 16-month enrollment period with over 25% (n = 97) of the required sample size enrolling during the second month of recruitment. Conclusions: The findings show that participants in observational studies can be successfully recruited into RCT. Observational studies provide researchers with a well-defined population that may be of interest when designing clinical trials. This is particularly useful in the recruitment of a high-risk, traditionally underrepresented populations for non-pharmacological clinical trials where traditional recruitment methods may prolong enrollment periods and extend study budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Samantha R Seals
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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12
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Okhomina VI, Glover L, Taylor H, Sims M. Dimensions of and Responses to Perceived Discrimination and Subclinical Disease Among African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1084-1092. [PMID: 29313298 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although discrimination among African Americans (AAs) has been linked to various health outcomes, few studies have examined associations of multiple measures of discrimination with prevalent subclinical disease in a large sample of AAs. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of measures of discrimination and coping responses to discrimination with prevalent subclinical disease among AAs in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS); and whether this association is modified by sex. METHODS We examined the associations of everyday, lifetime, and burden of lifetime discrimination with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among 3029 AAs in the JHS. Prevalence ratios (PR 95% confidence interval-CI) and odds ratios (OR 95% CI) were estimated for above-median cIMT and LVH, respectfully, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. RESULTS No significant associations were found between everyday and lifetime discrimination and median cIMT and LVH. Participants who reported high (vs. no) burden of lifetime discrimination had a 48% reduced odds of LVH (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.94) after full adjustment. There was evidence of effect modification by sex in the association of coping with everyday discrimination and LVH after full adjustment (p value for interaction < 0.01). Women who actively (vs. passively) coped with everyday discrimination had a greater odds of prevalent LVH (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.39, 4.46). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the manner by which AA women cope with discriminatory events is associated with subclinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Okhomina
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - LáShauntá Glover
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Heart Study, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Herman Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson Heart Study, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA.
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13
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Sathyamoorthy M, Lerman J, Okhomina VI, Penman AD. Use of cuffed tracheal tubes in neonates, infants and children: A practice survey of members of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia. J Clin Anesth 2016; 33:266-72. [PMID: 27555176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize the current practice patterns with cuffed tracheal tubes (CTT) in neonates, infants, and children among members of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesia (SPA). DESIGN AND SETTING An electronic mail survey was distributed using Survey Monkey to members of SPA between December 2013 and February 2014. Each member was permitted one response. PATIENTS/INTERVENTION/MEASUREMENTS Not applicable as this is a practice survey study. MAIN RESULTS A total of 805 (28%) of the 2901 members of the SPA responded. Of the respondents, 88% were from the US, 83% were fellowship trained, 82% practiced pediatric anesthesia >50% of the time, and 65% practiced in academic centers. Eighty-five percent used CTT >50% of the time in children >2 years and 60% used CTT in full-term neonates >50% of the time. Twenty-nine percent reported always using CTT whereas 5% reported never using CTT. Those in practice <5 years, who were fellowship trained or in academic practice used CTT more often in neonates compared with those in practice >20 years, not fellowship trained or in private practice (P< .0001, P= .0003 and P= .0005, respectively). The most common reason for avoiding CTT was concern about post-extubation stridor (39%). Almost 70% of respondents accept the TT if it passes the subglottis without resistance and has a leak at 15 to 20 cmH2O. More than 60% of respondents do not monitor cuff pressures in CTT. CONCLUSION A majority of SPA members routinely use CTT in neonates, infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria I Okhomina
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216.
| | - Alan D Penman
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216.
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