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Raman B, McCracken C, Cassar MP, Moss AJ, Finnigan L, Samat AHA, Ogbole G, Tunnicliffe EM, Alfaro-Almagro F, Menke R, Xie C, Gleeson F, Lukaschuk E, Lamlum H, McGlynn K, Popescu IA, Sanders ZB, Saunders LC, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Nikolaidou C, Rahman NM, Ho LP, Harris VC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Pfeffer P, Manisty C, Kon OM, Beggs M, O'Regan DP, Fuld J, Weir-McCall JR, Parekh D, Steeds R, Poinasamy K, Cuthbertson DJ, Kemp GJ, Semple MG, Horsley A, Miller CA, O'Brien C, Shah AM, Chiribiri A, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Houchen-Wolloff L, Greening NJ, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Marks M, Hurst JR, Jones MG, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Howard LS, Jacob J, Man WDC, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Heaney LG, Harrison EM, Kerr S, Docherty AB, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Zheng B, Jenkins RG, Cox E, 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Tench H, Phipps J, Loosley R, Wolf-Roberts R, Coetzee S, Omar Z, Ross A, Card B, Carr C, King C, Wood C, Copeland D, Calvelo E, Chilvers ER, Russell E, Gordon H, Nunag JL, Schronce J, March K, Samuel K, Burden L, Evison L, McLeavey L, Orriss-Dib L, Tarusan L, Mariveles M, Roy M, Mohamed N, Simpson N, Yasmin N, Cullinan P, Daly P, Haq S, Moriera S, Fayzan T, Munawar U, Nwanguma U, Lingford-Hughes A, Altmann D, Johnston D, Mitchell J, Valabhji J, Price L, Molyneaux PL, Thwaites RS, Walsh S, Frankel A, Lightstone L, Wilkins M, Willicombe M, McAdoo S, Touyz R, Guerdette AM, Warwick K, Hewitt M, Reddy R, White S, McMahon A, Hoare A, Knighton A, Ramos A, Te A, Jolley CJ, Speranza F, Assefa-Kebede H, Peralta I, Breeze J, Shevket K, Powell N, Adeyemi O, Dulawan P, Adrego R, Byrne S, Patale S, Hayday A, Malim M, Pariante C, Sharpe C, Whitney J, Bramham K, Ismail K, Wessely S, Nicholson T, Ashworth A, Humphries A, Tan AL, Whittam B, Coupland C, Favager C, Peckham D, Wade E, Saalmink G, Clarke J, 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Dougherty A, Morrow A, Anderson D, Grieve D, Bayes H, Fallon K, Mangion K, Gilmour L, Basu N, Sykes R, Berry C, McInnes IB, Donaldson A, Sage EK, Barrett F, Welsh B, Bell M, Quigley J, Leitch K, Macliver L, Patel M, Hamil R, Deans A, Furniss J, Clohisey S, Elliott A, Solstice AR, Deas C, Tee C, Connell D, Sutherland D, George J, Mohammed S, Bunker J, Holmes K, Dipper A, Morley A, Arnold D, Adamali H, Welch H, Morrison L, Stadon L, Maskell N, Barratt S, Dunn S, Waterson S, Jayaraman B, Light T, Selby N, Hosseini A, Shaw K, Almeida P, Needham R, Thomas AK, Matthews L, Gupta A, Nikolaidis A, Dupont C, Bonnington J, Chrystal M, Greenhaff PL, Linford S, Prosper S, Jang W, Alamoudi A, Bloss A, Megson C, Nicoll D, Fraser E, Pacpaco E, Conneh F, Ogg G, McShane H, Koychev I, Chen J, Pimm J, Ainsworth M, Pavlides M, Sharpe M, Havinden-Williams M, Petousi N, Talbot N, Carter P, Kurupati P, Dong T, Peng Y, Burns A, Kanellakis N, Korszun A, Connolly B, Busby J, Peto T, Patel B, Nolan CM, Cristiano D, Walsh JA, Liyanage K, Gummadi M, Dormand N, Polgar O, George P, Barker RE, Patel S, Price L, Gibbons M, Matila D, Jarvis H, Lim L, Olaosebikan O, Ahmad S, Brill S, Mandal S, Laing C, Michael A, Reddy A, Johnson C, Baxendale H, Parfrey H, Mackie J, Newman J, Pack J, Parmar J, Paques K, Garner L, Harvey A, Summersgill C, Holgate D, Hardy E, Oxton J, Pendlebury J, McMorrow L, Mairs N, Majeed N, Dark P, Ugwuoke R, Knight S, Whittaker S, Strong-Sheldrake S, Matimba-Mupaya W, Chowienczyk P, Pattenadk D, Hurditch E, Chan F, Carborn H, Foot H, Bagshaw J, Hockridge J, Sidebottom J, Lee JH, Birchall K, Turner K, Haslam L, Holt L, Milner L, Begum M, Marshall M, Steele N, Tinker N, Ravencroft P, Butcher R, Misra S, Walker S, Coburn Z, Fairman A, Ford A, Holbourn A, Howell A, Lawrie A, Lye A, Mbuyisa A, Zawia A, Holroyd-Hind B, Thamu B, Clark C, Jarman C, Norman C, Roddis C, Foote D, Lee E, Ilyas F, Stephens G, Newell H, Turton H, Macharia I, Wilson I, Cole J, McNeill J, Meiring J, Rodger J, Watson J, Chapman K, Harrington K, Chetham L, Hesselden L, Nwafor L, Dixon M, Plowright M, Wade P, Gregory R, Lenagh R, Stimpson R, Megson S, Newman T, Cheng Y, Goodwin C, Heeley C, Sissons D, Sowter D, Gregory H, Wynter I, Hutchinson J, Kirk J, Bennett K, Slack K, Allsop L, Holloway L, Flynn M, Gill M, Greatorex M, Holmes M, Buckley P, Shelton S, Turner S, Sewell TA, Whitworth V, Lovegrove W, Tomlinson J, Warburton L, Painter S, Vickers C, Redwood D, Tilley J, Palmer S, Wainwright T, Breen G, Hotopf M, Dunleavy A, Teixeira J, Ali M, Mencias M, Msimanga N, Siddique S, Samakomva T, Tavoukjian V, Forton D, Ahmed R, Cook A, Thaivalappil F, Connor L, Rees T, McNarry M, Williams N, McCormick J, McIntosh J, Vere J, Coulding M, Kilroy S, Turner V, Butt AT, Savill H, Fraile E, Ugoji J, Landers G, Lota H, Portukhay S, Nasseri M, Daniels A, Hormis A, Ingham J, Zeidan L, Osborne L, Chablani M, Banerjee A, David A, Pakzad A, Rangelov B, Williams B, Denneny E, Willoughby J, Xu M, Mehta P, Batterham R, Bell R, Aslani S, Lilaonitkul W, Checkley A, Bang D, Basire D, Lomas D, Wall E, Plant H, Roy K, Heightman M, Lipman M, Merida Morillas M, Ahwireng N, Chambers RC, Jastrub R, Logan S, Hillman T, Botkai A, Casey A, Neal A, Newton-Cox A, Cooper B, Atkin C, McGee C, Welch C, Wilson D, Sapey E, Qureshi H, Hazeldine J, Lord JM, Nyaboko J, Short J, Stockley J, Dasgin J, Draxlbauer K, Isaacs K, Mcgee K, Yip KP, Ratcliffe L, Bates M, Ventura M, Ahmad Haider N, Gautam N, Baggott R, Holden S, Madathil S, Walder S, Yasmin S, Hiwot T, Jackson T, Soulsby T, Kamwa V, Peterkin Z, Suleiman Z, Chaudhuri N, Wheeler H, Djukanovic R, Samuel R, Sass T, Wallis T, Marshall B, Childs C, Marouzet E, Harvey M, Fletcher S, Dickens C, Beckett P, Nanda U, Daynes E, Charalambou A, Yousuf AJ, Lea A, Prickett A, Gooptu B, Hargadon B, Bourne C, Christie C, Edwardson C, Lee D, Baldry E, Stringer E, Woodhead F, Mills G, Arnold H, Aung H, Qureshi IN, Finch J, Skeemer J, Hadley K, Khunti K, Carr L, Ingram L, Aljaroof M, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldwin M, Bourne M, Pareek M, Soares M, Tobin M, Armstrong N, Brunskill N, Goodman N, Cairns P, Haldar P, McCourt P, Dowling R, Russell R, Diver S, Edwards S, Glover S, Parker S, Siddiqui S, Ward TJC, Mcnally T, Thornton T, Yates T, Ibrahim W, Monteiro W, Thickett D, Wilkinson D, Broome M, McArdle P, Upthegrove R, Wraith D, Langenberg C, Summers C, Bullmore E, Heeney JL, Schwaeble W, Sudlow CL, Adeloye D, Newby DE, Rudan I, Shankar-Hari M, Thorpe M, Pius R, Walmsley S, McGovern A, Ballard C, Allan L, Dennis J, Cavanagh J, Petrie J, O'Donnell K, Spears M, Sattar N, MacDonald S, Guthrie E, Henderson M, Guillen Guio B, Zhao B, Lawson C, Overton C, Taylor C, Tong C, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Turner E, Pearl JE, Sargant J, Wormleighton J, Bingham M, Sharma M, Steiner M, Samani N, Novotny P, Free R, Allen RJ, Finney S, Terry S, Brugha T, Plekhanova T, McArdle A, Vinson B, Spencer LG, Reynolds W, Ashworth M, Deakin B, Chinoy H, Abel K, Harvie M, Stanel S, Rostron A, Coleman C, 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Francis C, Francis R, Hughes RA, Hughes J, Hughes AD, Thompson T, Kelly S, Smith D, Smith N, Smith A, Smith J, Smith L, Smith S, Evans T, Evans RI, Evans D, Evans R, Evans H, Evans J. Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:1003-1019. [PMID: 37748493 PMCID: PMC7615263 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. METHODS In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. FINDINGS Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2-6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5-5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4-10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32-4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23-11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. INTERPRETATION After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Evans RA, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Aul R, Beirne P, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar-Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Fuld J, Hart N, Hurst J, Jones MG, Parekh D, Pfeffer P, Rahman NM, Rowland-Jones SL, Shah AM, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Greening NJ, Heaney LG, Heller S, Howard LS, Jacob J, Jenkins RG, Lord JM, Man WDC, McCann GP, Neubauer S, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Semple MG, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Thwaites RS, Briggs A, Docherty AB, Kerr S, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Thorpe M, Zheng B, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Harrison EM, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Abel K, Adamali H, Adeloye D, Adeyemi O, Adrego R, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Ahmad S, Ahmad Haider N, Ahmed R, Ahwireng N, Ainsworth M, Al-Sheklly B, Alamoudi A, Ali M, Aljaroof M, All AM, Allan L, Allen RJ, Allerton L, Allsop L, Almeida P, Altmann D, Alvarez Corral M, Amoils S, Anderson D, Antoniades C, Arbane G, Arias A, Armour C, Armstrong L, Armstrong N, Arnold D, Arnold H, Ashish A, Ashworth A, Ashworth M, Aslani S, Assefa-Kebede H, Atkin C, Atkin P, Aung H, Austin L, Avram C, Ayoub A, Babores M, Baggott R, Bagshaw J, Baguley D, Bailey L, Baillie JK, Bain S, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldry E, Baldwin D, Ballard C, Banerjee A, Bang B, Barker RE, Barman L, Barratt S, Barrett F, Basire D, Basu N, Bates M, Bates A, Batterham R, Baxendale H, Bayes H, Beadsworth M, Beckett P, Beggs M, Begum M, Bell D, Bell R, Bennett K, Beranova E, Bermperi A, Berridge A, Berry C, Betts S, Bevan E, Bhui K, Bingham M, Birchall K, Bishop L, Bisnauthsing K, Blaikely J, Bloss A, Bolger A, Bonnington J, Botkai A, Bourne C, Bourne M, Bramham K, Brear L, Breen G, Breeze J, Bright E, Brill S, Brindle K, Broad L, Broadley A, Brookes C, Broome M, Brown A, Brown A, Brown J, Brown J, Brown M, Brown M, Brown V, Brugha T, Brunskill N, 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Jastrub R, Jayaraman B, Jezzard P, Jiwa K, Johnson C, Johnson S, Johnston D, Jolley CJ, Jones D, Jones G, Jones H, Jones H, Jones I, Jones L, Jones S, Jose S, Kabir T, Kaltsakas G, Kamwa V, Kanellakis N, Kaprowska S, Kausar Z, Keenan N, Kelly S, Kemp G, Kerslake H, Key AL, Khan F, Khunti K, Kilroy S, King B, King C, Kingham L, Kirk J, Kitterick P, Klenerman P, Knibbs L, Knight S, Knighton A, Kon O, Kon S, Kon SS, Koprowska S, Korszun A, Koychev I, Kurasz C, Kurupati P, Laing C, Lamlum H, Landers G, Langenberg C, Lasserson D, Lavelle-Langham L, Lawrie A, Lawson C, Lawson C, Layton A, Lea A, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee E, Leitch K, Lenagh R, Lewis D, Lewis J, Lewis V, Lewis-Burke N, Li X, Light T, Lightstone L, Lilaonitkul W, Lim L, Linford S, Lingford-Hughes A, Lipman M, Liyanage K, Lloyd A, Logan S, Lomas D, Loosley R, Lota H, Lovegrove W, Lucey A, Lukaschuk E, Lye A, Lynch C, MacDonald S, MacGowan G, Macharia I, Mackie J, Macliver L, Madathil S, Madzamba G, Magee N, Magtoto MM, Mairs N, Majeed N, Major E, Malein F, Malim M, Mallison G, Mandal S, Mangion K, Manisty C, Manley R, March K, Marciniak S, Marino P, Mariveles M, Marouzet E, Marsh S, Marshall B, Marshall M, Martin J, Martineau A, Martinez LM, Maskell N, Matila D, Matimba-Mupaya W, Matthews L, Mbuyisa A, McAdoo S, Weir McCall J, McAllister-Williams H, McArdle A, McArdle P, McAulay D, McCormick J, McCormick W, McCourt P, McGarvey L, McGee C, Mcgee K, McGinness J, McGlynn K, McGovern A, McGuinness H, McInnes IB, McIntosh J, McIvor E, McIvor K, McLeavey L, McMahon A, McMahon MJ, McMorrow L, Mcnally T, McNarry M, McNeill J, McQueen A, McShane H, Mears C, Megson C, Megson S, Mehta P, Meiring J, Melling L, Mencias M, Menzies D, Merida Morillas M, Michael A, Milligan L, Miller C, Mills C, Mills NL, Milner L, Misra S, Mitchell J, Mohamed A, Mohamed N, Mohammed S, Molyneaux PL, Monteiro W, Moriera S, Morley A, Morrison L, Morriss R, Morrow A, Moss AJ, Moss P, Motohashi K, Msimanga N, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Munawar U, Murira J, Nanda U, Nassa H, Nasseri M, Neal A, Needham R, Neill P, Newell H, Newman T, Newton-Cox A, Nicholson T, Nicoll D, Nolan CM, Noonan MJ, Norman C, Novotny P, Nunag J, Nwafor L, Nwanguma U, Nyaboko J, O'Donnell K, O'Brien C, O'Brien L, O'Regan D, Odell N, Ogg G, Olaosebikan O, Oliver C, Omar Z, Orriss-Dib L, Osborne L, Osbourne R, Ostermann M, Overton C, Owen J, Oxton J, Pack J, Pacpaco E, Paddick S, Painter S, Pakzad A, Palmer S, Papineni P, Paques K, Paradowski K, Pareek M, Parfrey H, Pariante C, Parker S, Parkes M, Parmar J, Patale S, Patel B, Patel M, Patel S, Pattenadk D, Pavlides M, Payne S, Pearce L, Pearl JE, Peckham D, Pendlebury J, Peng Y, Pennington C, Peralta I, Perkins E, Peterkin Z, Peto T, Petousi N, Petrie J, Phipps J, Pimm J, Piper Hanley K, Pius R, Plant H, Plein S, Plekhanova T, Plowright M, Polgar O, Poll L, Porter J, Portukhay S, Powell N, Prabhu A, Pratt J, Price A, Price C, Price C, Price D, Price L, Price L, Prickett A, Propescu J, Pugmire S, Quaid S, Quigley J, Qureshi H, Qureshi IN, Radhakrishnan K, Ralser M, Ramos A, Ramos H, Rangeley J, Rangelov B, Ratcliffe L, Ravencroft P, Reddington A, Reddy R, Redfearn H, Redwood D, Reed A, Rees M, Rees T, Regan K, Reynolds W, Ribeiro C, Richards A, Richardson E, Rivera-Ortega P, Roberts K, Robertson E, Robinson E, Robinson L, Roche L, Roddis C, Rodger J, Ross A, Ross G, Rossdale J, Rostron A, Rowe A, Rowland A, Rowland J, Roy K, Roy M, Rudan I, Russell R, Russell E, Saalmink G, Sabit R, Sage EK, Samakomva T, Samani N, Sampson C, Samuel K, Samuel R, Sanderson A, Sapey E, Saralaya D, Sargant J, Sarginson C, Sass T, Sattar N, Saunders K, Saunders P, Saunders LC, Savill H, Saxon W, Sayer A, Schronce J, Schwaeble W, Scott K, Selby N, Sewell TA, Shah K, Shah P, Shankar-Hari M, Sharma M, Sharpe C, Sharpe M, Shashaa S, Shaw A, Shaw K, Shaw V, Shelton S, Shenton L, Shevket K, Short J, Siddique S, Siddiqui S, Sidebottom J, Sigfrid L, Simons G, Simpson J, Simpson N, Singh C, Singh S, Sissons D, Skeemer J, Slack K, Smith A, Smith D, Smith S, Smith J, Smith L, Soares M, Solano TS, Solly R, Solstice AR, Soulsby T, Southern D, Sowter D, Spears M, Spencer LG, Speranza F, Stadon L, Stanel S, Steele N, Steiner M, Stensel D, Stephens G, Stephenson L, Stern M, Stewart I, Stimpson R, Stockdale S, Stockley J, Stoker W, Stone R, Storrar W, Storrie A, Storton K, Stringer E, Strong-Sheldrake S, Stroud N, Subbe C, Sudlow CL, Suleiman Z, Summers C, Summersgill C, Sutherland D, Sykes DL, Sykes R, Talbot N, Tan AL, Tarusan L, Tavoukjian V, Taylor A, Taylor C, Taylor J, Te A, Tedd H, Tee CJ, Teixeira J, Tench H, Terry S, Thackray-Nocera S, Thaivalappil F, Thamu B, Thickett D, Thomas C, Thomas S, Thomas AK, Thomas-Woods T, Thompson T, Thompson AAR, Thornton T, Tilley J, Tinker N, Tiongson GF, Tobin M, Tomlinson J, Tong C, Touyz R, Tripp KA, Tunnicliffe E, Turnbull A, Turner E, Turner S, Turner V, Turner K, Turney S, Turtle L, Turton H, Ugoji J, Ugwuoke R, Upthegrove R, Valabhji J, Ventura M, Vere J, Vickers C, Vinson B, Wade E, Wade P, Wainwright T, Wajero LO, Walder S, Walker S, Walker S, Wall E, Wallis T, Walmsley S, Walsh JA, Walsh S, Warburton L, Ward TJC, Warwick K, Wassall H, Waterson S, Watson E, Watson L, Watson J, Welch C, Welch H, Welsh B, Wessely S, West S, Weston H, Wheeler H, White S, Whitehead V, Whitney J, Whittaker S, Whittam B, Whitworth V, Wight A, Wild J, Wilkins M, Wilkinson D, Williams N, Williams N, Williams J, Williams-Howard SA, Willicombe M, Willis G, Willoughby J, Wilson A, Wilson D, Wilson I, Window N, Witham M, Wolf-Roberts R, Wood C, Woodhead F, Woods J, Wormleighton J, Worsley J, Wraith D, Wrey Brown C, Wright C, Wright L, Wright S, Wyles J, Wynter I, Xu M, Yasmin N, Yasmin S, Yates T, Yip KP, Young B, Young S, Young A, Yousuf AJ, Zawia A, Zeidan L, Zhao B, Zongo O. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:761-775. [PMID: 35472304 PMCID: PMC9034855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions exist for patients with long COVID. We aimed to describe recovery 1 year after hospital discharge for COVID-19, identify factors associated with patient-perceived recovery, and identify potential therapeutic targets by describing the underlying inflammatory profiles of the previously described recovery clusters at 5 months after hospital discharge. METHODS The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID-19 across the UK. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge, and stratified by both patient-perceived recovery and recovery cluster. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling was performed for patient-perceived recovery at 1 year. Cluster analysis was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach using clinical outcomes at 5 months. Inflammatory protein profiling was analysed from plasma at the 5-month visit. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10980107, and recruitment is ongoing. FINDINGS 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (32·7%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits. 279 (35·6%) of these 807 patients were women and 505 (64·4%) were men, with a mean age of 58·7 (SD 12·5) years, and 224 (27·8%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO class 7-9). The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was unchanged between 5 months (501 [25·5%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [28·9%] of 804). Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·46-0·99]), obesity (0·50 [0·34-0·74]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (0·42 [0·23-0·76]). Cluster analysis (n=1636) corroborated the previously reported four clusters: very severe, severe, moderate with cognitive impairment, and mild, relating to the severity of physical health, mental health, and cognitive impairment at 5 months. We found increased inflammatory mediators of tissue damage and repair in both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters compared with the mild cluster, including IL-6 concentration, which was increased in both comparisons (n=626 participants). We found a substantial deficit in median EQ-5D-5L utility index from before COVID-19 (retrospective assessment; 0·88 [IQR 0·74-1·00]), at 5 months (0·74 [0·64-0·88]) to 1 year (0·75 [0·62-0·88]), with minimal improvements across all outcome measures at 1 year after discharge in the whole cohort and within each of the four clusters. INTERPRETATION The sequelae of a hospital admission with COVID-19 were substantial 1 year after discharge across a range of health domains, with the minority in our cohort feeling fully recovered. Patient-perceived health-related quality of life was reduced at 1 year compared with before hospital admission. Systematic inflammation and obesity are potential treatable traits that warrant further investigation in clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Chiu JC, Shi X, Karmali S, Birch DW, Apriasz I, Alkhamesi NA, Lal A, Schlachta CM, Christou NV, Elkassem S, Lindsay D, Smith L, Sullivan P, Sockalingam S, Hawa R, Wnuk S, Jackson T, Okrainec A, Fayez R, Christou NV, Court O, Mueller C, Okrainec A, Sockalingham S, Jackson T, Mueller C, Swanson T, Daigle C, Okrainec A, Pitzul K, Penner T, Urbach DR, Jackson T, Sandhu L, Maciver A, McCall M, Edgar R, Thiesen A, Bigam D, Churchill T, Shapiro AMJ, Luu S, Regehr G, Murnaghan ML, Gallinger S, Moulton CA, Palter V, Grantcharov T, Dath D, Hoogenes J, Matsumoto E, Szalay D, Fox A, Pitzul K, Bhojani F, Kaplan M, Wei A, McGilvray I, Cleary SP, Okrainec A, Alqahtani A, Parsyan A, Payne R, Tabah R, Anantha R, Vogt K, Crawford S, Parry N, Leslie K, Ochs A, Matthew K, Khadaroo R, Churchill T, Lavoie JM, Zalai C, Vasilevsky CA, Booy J, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR, Lim D, Tomlinson C, LaBossiere J, Rommens K, Birch DW, Brenneman F, MacLellan S, Simpson J, Asai K, Elgadi K, Ali S, Sawyer J, Helewa R, Turner D, Wirtzfeld D, Park J, Czaykowski P, Mak G, Hochman D, McKay A, Gill R, Al-Adra D, Shi X, Sample C, Armstrong J, Lester L, Vogt K, Brackstone M, Lee L, Kaneva P, Liberman S, Charlebois P, Stein B, Fried G, Feldman L, Kanji A, Sharon E, Asai K, Jacks L, McCready D, Ghazarian D, Leong WL, Wu R, Okrainec A, Penner T, Ball C, Kirkpatrick A, Vasquez A, Balakrishnan L, Miller G, Awan S, Azadeh NR, Hoogenes J, Dath D, Jain V, Busato GM, Cristea O, Landau J, Moreland R, Johnson M, Ramage D, Browning D, Ullah S, Cristea O, Bodrogi A, Johnson M, McAlister V, Palisoc J, Anderson J, Kiladze R, Ciar J, Bancel I, Pitzul K, Leake PA, Okrainec A, Dalvi A, McLean R, Stephen W, Loeb M, Smith R, Christoffersen E, Forbes S, Kidane B, Vogt K, Vinden C, Ahmadi N, Dubois L, McKenzie M, Baxter N, Brown C, Chaudhury P, Dixon E, Fitzgerald W, Henteleff H, Kirkpatrick A, Latosinsky S, MacLean A, McLeod R, Pearsall E, Aarts MA, Meghji Z, McLeod R, Okrainec A, Tran T, Kaneva P, Fried G, Mayo N, Feldman L, Newman D, Bergman S, Cummings BA, Delisle M, Whitehead V, Chertkow H, Chan T, Cicero M, Perampaladas K, Bandukwala T, Struble J, Moser M, Young P, Groeneveld A, Chan P, Smith S, Khadaroo R, Buczkowski A, Hameed M, Tan-Tam C, Meneghetti A, Simons R, Panton N, Elnahas A, Ghaderi I, Madani A, de Gara C, Schlachta CM, Kalechstein S, Pitzul K, Henao O, Okrainec A, Paskar D, Croome K, Hernandez R, Knapp G, Howatt N, Foster S, Cameron B, Austin J, Mack L, Temple W, Puloski S, Schachar N, Gill T, Doris P, Tecson A, Kolozsvari N, Andalib A, Kaneva P, Cao J, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Kolozsvari N, Kaneva P, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Kolozsvari N, Kaneva P, Brace C, Chartrand G, Vaillancourt M, Cao J, Banaszek D, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Fraser S, Bergman S, Deobald R, Chad J, Di Gregorio C, Johnstone J, Kenyon C, Lees M, Auger-Dufour E, Fried G, Feldman L, Ferri L, Vassiliou M, Alqahtani A, Perlman R, Holcroft C, Gordon PH, Szilagyi A, Iradukunda D, Moser MAJ, Rodych N, Shaw JM, Ahmed N, Chiu M, Kurabi B, Qureshi A, Nathens A, Conn LG, Pandya A, Kitto S, Ma G, Pooni A, Forbes S, Eskicioglu C, Pearsall E, Brenneman F, McLeod R, Rockx MA, McAlister V, Roberts D, Ouellet J, Kirkpatrick A, Lall R, Sutherland F, Ball C, Chackungal S, Knowlton LM, Dahn B, McQueen K, Morrison JA, Lent B, Brown J, Fluit M, Herbert C, Deen S, Deutschmann M, McFadden S, Gelfand G, Bosch D, Grimmer L, Milman S, Ng T, Gill R, Perry T, Abele J, Bedard E, Schiller D, Coughlin S, Stewart TC, Parry N, Gray D, Williamson J, Malthaner R, Bottoni D, Perri M, Trejos AL, Naish M, Patel R, Malthaner R, Ashrafi A, Bond J, Ong S, Yamashita M, Ahmadi S, Abdulmosen M, Miller J, Finley C, Ostrander K, Shargall Y, Lee L, Hanley S, Robineau C, Sirois C, Mulder D, Ferri L, Humphrey R, Inculet R, Fortin D, Arab A, Malthaner R, Ashrafi A, Bond J, Ong S, Yamashita M, Ahmadi S, McGuire A, Reid K, Petsikas D, Hopman W, Basi A, Basi S, Irshad K, Hanna W, Croome KP, Marotta P, McAlister V, Quan D, Wall W, Hernandez-Alejandro R, de Mestral C, Zagorski B, Rotstein O, Gomez D, Haas B, Laupacis A, Sharma S, Bridge J, Nathens A, Bhojani F, Fox A, Pitzul K, Moulton CA, Wei A, Okrainec A, Cleary S, Bertens K, Croome KP, Mujoomdar A, Peck D, Rankin R, Quan D, Kakani N, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Suri R, Marcaccio M, Ruo L, Jamal M, Khalil JA, Simoneau-Beaudry E, Dumitra S, Edwards M, Yousef Y, Jiffry MA, Metrakos P, Tchervenkov J, Doi S, Barkun J, Obayan A, Meiers S, Keith R, Elkassem S, Church N, Mitchell P, Turbide C, Dixon E, Debru E, Shum J, Wall WJ, Maniar R, Hochman D, Wirtzfeld D, Yaffe C, Yip B, McKay A, Silverman R, Park J, Francescutti V, Rivera L, Kane JM, Skitzki JJ, Lovrics P, Hodgson N, O'Brien MA, Thabane L, Cornacchi S, Heller B, Reid S, Sanders K, Kittmer T, Simunovic M, Duhaime S, Fong B, Deria M, Acton C, El-Maadawy M, Lad S, Arnaout A, Omole M, Pemberton J, Lovrics P, Bischof D, Stotland P, Hagen J, Swallow C, Klein L, Van Koughnett JA, Ahmad T, Ainsworth P, Brackstone M, Kanagaratnam S, Groot G, VanderBeek L, Francescutti V, Farrokhyar F, Strang B, Kahnamoui K, MacLellan S, MacKay H, Ringash J, Jacks L, Kassam Z, Khalili I, Conrad T, Okrainec A, Chagpar R, Xing Y, You N, Yi-Ju C, Feig B, Chang G, Cormie J, Gervais MK, Sideris L, Drolet P, Mitchell A, Leblanc G, Dubé P, Merchant S, Knowling M, Cheifetz R, Raval M, Heidary B, Kalikias S, Raval D, Phang T, Brown C, Scheer A, O'Connor A, Chan B, Moloo H, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Auer R, Boushey R, Hardy K, Vergis A, Sullivan P, Musselman R, Gomes T, Chan B, Auer R, Moloo H, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Al-Khayal K, Al-Omran M, Mamdani M, AlObeed O, Boushey R, Martel G, Crawford A, Barkun J, Ramsay C, Fergusson D, Boushey R, Williams L, Crawford A, McLaughlin K, Mackey M, Moloo H, Mamazza J, Poulin E, Friedlich M, Boushey R, Auer R, Bellolio F, Cohen Z, MacRae H, O'Connor B, Huang H, Victor JC, McLeod R, Hardy K, Pitzul K, Kwong J, Vergis A, Urbach D, Okrainec A, Vogt K, Dubois L, Vinden C, Chan B, Scheer A, Menezes A, Moloo H, Poulin E, Boushey R, Mamazza J, Bellolio F, MacRae H, Cohen Z, O'Connor B, Huang H, McLeod R, Godbout-Simard C, Azar J, Psaradellis F, Sampalis J, Morin N, Brown C, Kalikias S, Heidary B, Raval D, Phang PT, Raval M, Archibald A, Hurlbut D, Vanner S, Zalai C, Vasilevsky CA, Simunovic M, Cadeddu M, Forbes S, Kelly S, Stephen W, Grubac V, Marcinow M, Coates A, Aslani N, Phang PT, Raval M, Brown C, Scheer A, Carrier M, Boushey R, Asmis T, Wells P, Jonker D, Auer R, Azer N, Gill R, de Gara C, Birch DW, Karmali S, Roxin G, Drolet S, MacLean A, Buie WD, Heine J, Agzarian J, Forbes S, Stephen W, Kelly S, Churchill P, Corner T, Kelly S, Forbes S, Lindsay L, Stephen W, Scheer A, O'Connor A, Chan B, Moloo H, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Auer R, Boushey R, Denis J, Hochman D, Recsky M, Phang PT, Raval M, Cheung W, Brown C, Alkhamesi N, Schlachta CM, Tiwari T, Brown C, Raval MJ, Phang PT. Canadian Surgery Forum: Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons, Canadian Association of General Surgeons, Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons, Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Society, Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology, Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, London, Ont. Sept. 15-18, 2011. Can J Surg 2011; 54:S57-S104. [PMID: 35488394 PMCID: PMC3191910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J C Chiu
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - X Shi
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmali
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - I Apriasz
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - N A Alkhamesi
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - A Lal
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | | | - S Elkassem
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Lindsay
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Smith
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Sullivan
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Sockalingam
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Hawa
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Wnuk
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Jackson
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Fayez
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - N V Christou
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - O Court
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Mueller
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Sockalingham
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Jackson
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Mueller
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Swanson
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Daigle
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Penner
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Jackson
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Sandhu
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Maciver
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M McCall
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Edgar
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Thiesen
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Bigam
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Churchill
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - S Luu
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Regehr
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M L Murnaghan
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Gallinger
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C-A Moulton
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - V Palter
- From St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Grantcharov
- From St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Dath
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - D Szalay
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Fox
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Bhojani
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Kaplan
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Wei
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - I McGilvray
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S P Cleary
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - A Parsyan
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Payne
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Tabah
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Anantha
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Crawford
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Parry
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Leslie
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Ochs
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Matthew
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Khadaroo
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Churchill
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - C Zalai
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - J Booy
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Takata
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Tomlinson
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Lim
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Tomlinson
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J LaBossiere
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Rommens
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - F Brenneman
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S MacLellan
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Simpson
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Asai
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Elgadi
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Ali
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Sawyer
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Helewa
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Turner
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - J Park
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - P Czaykowski
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - G Mak
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A McKay
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - R Gill
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Al-Adra
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - X Shi
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Sample
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Armstrong
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Lester
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Brackstone
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Lee
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Liberman
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Charlebois
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B Stein
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A Kanji
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Sharon
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Asai
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Jacks
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D McCready
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Ghazarian
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - W-L Leong
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Wu
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Penner
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Ball
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - A Vasquez
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | | | - G Miller
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - S Awan
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | | | | | - D Dath
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - V Jain
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G-M Busato
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - O Cristea
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - J Landau
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - R Moreland
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - M Johnson
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - D Ramage
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - D Browning
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - S Ullah
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - O Cristea
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Bodrogi
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Johnson
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Palisoc
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Anderson
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Kiladze
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Ciar
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Bancel
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P-A Leake
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Dalvi
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - R McLean
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Loeb
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Smith
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - E Christoffersen
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Kidane
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Vinden
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Ahmadi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - L Dubois
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M McKenzie
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - N Baxter
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - C Brown
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P Chaudhury
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Dixon
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - W Fitzgerald
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - H Henteleff
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Kirkpatrick
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S Latosinsky
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A MacLean
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M-A Aarts
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Meghji
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Tran
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N Mayo
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - D Newman
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - B-A Cummings
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - M Delisle
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - V Whitehead
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - H Chertkow
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - T Chan
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cicero
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - J Struble
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M Moser
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - P Young
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - P Chan
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Smith
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Khadaroo
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Buczkowski
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Hameed
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Tan-Tam
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Meneghetti
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Simons
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - N Panton
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Elnahas
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - I Ghaderi
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Madani
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C de Gara
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Kalechstein
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - K Pitzul
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - O Henao
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - A Okrainec
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - D Paskar
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Croome
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Hernandez
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G Knapp
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - N Howatt
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - S Foster
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - B Cameron
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - J Austin
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - L Mack
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - W Temple
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Puloski
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - N Schachar
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - T Gill
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, New Westminster and Surrey, BC
| | - P Doris
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, New Westminster and Surrey, BC
| | - A Tecson
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, New Westminster and Surrey, BC
| | - N Kolozsvari
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - A Andalib
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - J Cao
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - G Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - L Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - N Kolozsvari
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N Kolozsvari
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - C Brace
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - G Chartrand
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - M Vaillancourt
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - J Cao
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - D Banaszek
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - G Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - L Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - S Fraser
- From the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - R Deobald
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - J Chad
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - C Di Gregorio
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - J Johnstone
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - C Kenyon
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M Lees
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - E Auger-Dufour
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Ferri
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A Alqahtani
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - R Perlman
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - C Holcroft
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - P H Gordon
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - A Szilagyi
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - D Iradukunda
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M A J Moser
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - N Rodych
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - J M Shaw
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - N Ahmed
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Chiu
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Kurabi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Qureshi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Nathens
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - A Pandya
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Kitto
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Ma
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Pooni
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Brenneman
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M A Rockx
- From the Alberta Medical Association Locum Services and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the Alberta Medical Association Locum Services and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Roberts
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Ouellet
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - R Lall
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - C Ball
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Chackungal
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - L M Knowlton
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - B Dahn
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - K McQueen
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - J A Morrison
- From the Chatham Kent Health Alliance, Chatham, Ont
| | - B Lent
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Brown
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Fluit
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Herbert
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Deen
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - S McFadden
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Bosch
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - L Grimmer
- From the Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - S Milman
- From the Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - T Ng
- From the Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - R Gill
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Perry
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Abele
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E Bedard
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Schiller
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Coughlin
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - T Charyk Stewart
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - N Parry
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Gray
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - J Williamson
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R Malthaner
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Bottoni
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - M Perri
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - A L Trejos
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - M Naish
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - R Patel
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - R Malthaner
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - A Ashrafi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - J Bond
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ong
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - M Yamashita
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ahmadi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | | | - J Miller
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Finley
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - L Lee
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Hanley
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Robineau
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Sirois
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Mulder
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L Ferri
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - R Humphrey
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - R Inculet
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - D Fortin
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - A Arab
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - R Malthaner
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - A Ashrafi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - J Bond
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ong
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - M Yamashita
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ahmadi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - A McGuire
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - K Reid
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - D Petsikas
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - W Hopman
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - A Basi
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, and the William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont
| | - S Basi
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, and the William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont
| | - K Irshad
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, and the William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont
| | - W Hanna
- From the Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - K P Croome
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - P Marotta
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Quan
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W Wall
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | | | - C de Mestral
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Zagorski
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - O Rotstein
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Gomez
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Haas
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Laupacis
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Sharma
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Bridge
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Nathens
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Bhojani
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Fox
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C-A Moulton
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Wei
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Cleary
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Bertens
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K P Croome
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Mujoomdar
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Peck
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Rankin
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Quan
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Kakani
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | | | - R Suri
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - L Ruo
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Jamal
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Abou Khalil
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Simoneau-Beaudry
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Dumitra
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Edwards
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Yousef
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Al Jiffry
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Metrakos
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Tchervenkov
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Doi
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Barkun
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Obayan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., and the Regina General Hospital, Regina, Sask
| | - S Meiers
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., and the Regina General Hospital, Regina, Sask
| | - R Keith
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., and the Regina General Hospital, Regina, Sask
| | - S Elkassem
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - N Church
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - P Mitchell
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Turbide
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Dixon
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Debru
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Shum
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W J Wall
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Maniar
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - C Yaffe
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - B Yip
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A McKay
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - R Silverman
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - J Park
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - V Francescutti
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - L Rivera
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - J M Kane
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - J J Skitzki
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - P Lovrics
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N Hodgson
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - L Thabane
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - B Heller
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Reid
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Sanders
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - T Kittmer
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - S Duhaime
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Fong
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Deria
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Acton
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M El-Maadawy
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Lad
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Arnaout
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Omole
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - P Lovrics
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Bischof
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Stotland
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Hagen
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Swallow
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Klein
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A Van Koughnett
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | - T Ahmad
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | - P Ainsworth
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | - M Brackstone
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | | | - G Groot
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | | | | | | | - B Strang
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - S MacLellan
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - H MacKay
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Ringash
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Jacks
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Kassam
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Khalili
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Conrad
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Chagpar
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Y Xing
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - N You
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - C Yi-Ju
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - B Feig
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - G Chang
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - J Cormie
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - M-K Gervais
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - L Sideris
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - P Drolet
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - A Mitchell
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - G Leblanc
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - P Dubé
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - S Merchant
- From the University of British Columbia, General Surgery, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Knowling
- From the University of British Columbia, General Surgery, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Cheifetz
- From the University of British Columbia, General Surgery, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Heidary
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Kalikias
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Scheer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A O'Connor
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Chan
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - K Hardy
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Vergis
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Sullivan
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Musselman
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Gomes
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Chan
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Auer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Poulin
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Al-Khayal
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Omran
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mamdani
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - O AlObeed
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Martel
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - A Crawford
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - J Barkun
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - C Ramsay
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - D Fergusson
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - R Boushey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - L Williams
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Crawford
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - M Mackey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - R Boushey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Bellolio
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Cohen
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H MacRae
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B O'Connor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Hardy
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - J Kwong
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Vergis
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Urbach
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - L Dubois
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - C Vinden
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - B Chan
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Menezes
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Bellolio
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H MacRae
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Cohen
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B O'Connor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Godbout-Simard
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - J Azar
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - F Psaradellis
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - J Sampalis
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - N Morin
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Kalikias
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Heidary
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Archibald
- From the Department of Pathology and the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Hurlbut
- From the Department of Pathology and the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - S Vanner
- From the Department of Pathology and the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - C Zalai
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - M Simunovic
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cadeddu
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Kelly
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - V Grubac
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Marcinow
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Coates
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N Aslani
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Scheer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Carrier
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - T Asmis
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - P Wells
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Jonker
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - N Azer
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Gill
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C de Gara
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmali
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - G Roxin
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Drolet
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A MacLean
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - W D Buie
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Heine
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Agzarian
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - S Forbes
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - W Stephen
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - S Kelly
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - P Churchill
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - T Corner
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Kelly
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Lindsay
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A O'Connor
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Chan
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Denis
- From the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - M Recsky
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - W Cheung
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - N Alkhamesi
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - T Tiwari
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - M J Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
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