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Cheviron N, Grondin V, Marrauld C, Poiroux F, Bertrand I, Abadie J, Pandard P, Riah-Anglet W, Dubois C, Malý S, Marques CR, Asenjo IV, Alonso A, Díaz DM, Mougin C. Inter-laboratory validation of an ISO test method for measuring enzyme activities in soil samples using colorimetric substrates. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:29348-29357. [PMID: 34822089 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of soil quality requires the use of robust methods to assess biologically based indicators. Among them, enzyme activities are used for several decades, but there is a clear need to update their measurement methods for routine use, in combining feasibility, accuracy, and reliability. To this end, the platform Biochem-Env optimized a miniaturized method to measure enzyme activities in soils using colorimetric substrates in micro-well plates. The standardization of the method was carried out within the framework of ISO/TC 190/SC 4/WG 4 "Soil quality - Biological methods" workgroup, recommending an inter-laboratory evaluation for the publication of a full ISO standard. That evaluation, managed by the platform, was based on the measurement, in six soils of contrasted physicochemical properties, of the ten soil enzyme activities described in the standard. Eight laboratories were involved in the validation study. Only 2.7% of outliers were identified from the analyses of the whole dataset. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method were determined by computing, respectively, the intra-laboratory (CVr,) and inter-laboratory (CVR) coefficients of variation for each soil and enzyme. The mean CVr ranged from 4.5% (unbuffered phosphatase) to 9.9% (α-glucosidase), illustrating a reduced variability of enzyme activities within laboratories. The mean CVR ranged from 13.8% (alkaline phosphatase) to 30.9% (unbuffered phosphatase). Despite this large CVR noticed for unbuffered phosphatase, the method was repeatable, reproducible, and sensitive. It also proved to be applicable for measuring enzyme activities in different types of soils. These results have been found successful by ISO/TC 190/SC4 and resulted in the publication of ISO 20130:2018 standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cheviron
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, F-78026, Versailles, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Plateforme Biochem-Env, F-78026, Versailles, France.
| | - Virginie Grondin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, F-78026, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Plateforme Biochem-Env, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Marrauld
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, F-78026, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Plateforme Biochem-Env, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Poiroux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, F-78026, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Plateforme Biochem-Env, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Pandard
- INERIS, Direction des Risques ChroniquesUnité EXES, F-60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Wassila Riah-Anglet
- UniLaSalle - Campus Rouen, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, F-76134, Mont-Saint Aignan, France
| | - Caroline Dubois
- UniLaSalle - Campus Rouen, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, F-76134, Mont-Saint Aignan, France
| | - Stanislav Malý
- Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Catarina R Marques
- CESAM - Centre of Marine and Environmental Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Valverde Asenjo
- Dpto. de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UD Edafología-CARESOIL, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, España
| | - Alejandro Alonso
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, España
| | - Domingo Marquina Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, España
| | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, F-78026, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Plateforme Biochem-Env, F-78026, Versailles, France
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Cheviron N, Amadou I, Grondin V, Marrauld C, Mougin C, Morvan T. Soil enzymatic activity data over eight years at the EFELE site, a long-term field experiment on effects of organic waste products and tillage practices. Data Brief 2021; 36:106959. [PMID: 33898663 PMCID: PMC8053793 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Land application of organic waste products (OWPs), catch crops and reduced soil tillage are accepted as sustainable management practices in agriculture. They can optimize resources by supplying nutrients to plants and helping to maintain soil fertility. They also can influence soil functions in agricultural production systems. Soil microorganisms can feed on fresh organic matter by producing extracellular enzymes. Enzyme production responds to resource availability and soil C:N:P ratios, which could limit biogeochemical cycling. Allocating resources to produce nutrient-acquiring enzymes requires a large amount of energy to achieve optimal growth. In this context, studying the use of OWPs is important, as alternatives to long-term use of mineral fertilizers, to understand the dynamics of response and how the OWPs influence production of extracellular enzymes in the soil. Effects of OWPs on soil enzymatic activities have been studied widely, but long-term effects remain poorly understood, and no information is available about differences in dynamics among systems for each biogeochemical cycle. The data described here were collected during two trials from an initial state, and they allow assessment of long-term effects of OWP application, mineral nitrogen fertilization, tillage and vegetation cover on soil enzymatic activities. Data are presented for the activities of five soil enzymes measured from 2012 to 2019: β-glucosidase, phosphatase, urease, arylamidase and arylsulfatase. Five additional enzymes were included in 2019 to supplement the analysis of biogeochemical cycles: alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and n-acetyl-glucosaminidase. These activities were measured in two trials at the EFELE study site: PROs (five OWPs applied to a corn-wheat rotation) and TS/MO (four treatments that examine interactions between OWP and type of tillage). These data can be used as a reference for future studies of soil enzymes in France and other regions (e.g. for developing reduced-tillage systems and organic or inorganic amendments, and to assess dynamics of the systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cheviron
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRAE, AgroParistech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Issifou Amadou
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRAE, AgroParistech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Virginie Grondin
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRAE, AgroParistech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Marrauld
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRAE, AgroParistech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Christian Mougin
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRAE, AgroParistech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
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Bart S, Pelosi C, Barraud A, Péry ARR, Cheviron N, Grondin V, Mougin C, Crouzet O. Earthworms Mitigate Pesticide Effects on Soil Microbial Activities. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1535. [PMID: 31333628 PMCID: PMC6616067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms act synergistically with microorganisms in soils. They are ecosystem engineers involved in soil organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling, leading to the modulation of resource availability for all soil organisms. Using a soil microcosm approach, we aimed to assess the influence of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on the response of soil microbial activities against two fungicides, i.e., Cuprafor Micro® (copper oxychloride, a metal) and Swing® Gold (epoxiconazole and dimoxystrobin, synthetic organic compounds). The potential nitrification activity (PNA) and soil enzyme activities (glucosidase, phosphatase, arylamidase, and urease) involved in biogeochemical cycling were measured at the end of the incubation period, together with earthworm biomass. Two common indices of the soil biochemistry were used to aggregate the response of the soil microbial functioning: the geometric mean (Gmean) and the Soil Quality Index (SQI). At the end of the experiment, the earthworm biomass was not impacted by the fungicide treatments. Overall, in the earthworm-free soil microcosms, the two fungicides significantly increased several soil enzyme and nitrification activities, leading to a higher GMean index as compared to the non-treated control soils. The microbial activity responses depended on the type of activity (nitrification was the most sensitive one), on the fungicide (Swing® Gold or Cuprafor Micro®), and on the doses. The SQI indices revealed higher effects of both fungicides on the soil microbial activity in the absence of earthworms. The presence of earthworms enhanced all soil microbial activities in both the control and fungicide-contaminated soils. Moreover, the magnitude of the fungicide impact, integrated through the SQI index, was mitigated by the presence of earthworms, conferring a higher stability of microbial functional diversity. Our results highlight the importance of biotic interactions in the response of indicators of soil functioning (i.e., microbial activity) to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bart
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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Cheviron N, Grondin V, Mougin C. Biochem-Env: a platform of biochemistry for research in environmental and agricultural sciences. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6154-6157. [PMID: 28390019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical indicators are potent tools to assess ecosystem functioning under anthropic and global pressures. Nevertheless, additional work is needed to improve the methods used for the measurement of these indicators, and for a more relevant interpretation of the obtained results. To face these challenges, the platform Biochem-Env aims at providing innovative and standardized measurement protocols, as well as database and information system favoring result interpretation and opening. Its skills and tools are also offered for expertise, consulting, training, and standardization. In addition, the platform is a service of a French Research Infrastructure for Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems, for research in environmental and agricultural sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cheviron
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Virginie Grondin
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Christian Mougin
- UMR ECOSYS, Platform Biochem-Env, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France.
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Ragu S, Dardalhon M, Sharma S, Iraqui I, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Grondin V, Kienda G, Vernis L, Chanet R, Kolodner RD, Huang ME, Faye G. Loss of the thioredoxin reductase Trr1 suppresses the genomic instability of peroxiredoxin tsa1 mutants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108123. [PMID: 25247923 PMCID: PMC4172583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of Tsa1, a key peroxiredoxin that scavenges H2O2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, causes the accumulation of a broad spectrum of mutations. Deletion of TSA1 also causes synthetic lethality in combination with mutations in RAD51 or several key genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair. In the present study, we propose that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the primary cause of genome instability of tsa1Δ cells. In searching for spontaneous suppressors of synthetic lethality of tsa1Δ rad51Δ double mutants, we identified that the loss of thioredoxin reductase Trr1 rescues their viability. The trr1Δ mutant displayed a Can(R) mutation rate 5-fold lower than wild-type cells. Additional deletion of TRR1 in tsa1Δ mutant reduced substantially the Can(R) mutation rate of tsa1Δ strain (33-fold), and to a lesser extent, of rad51Δ strain (4-fold). Loss of Trr1 induced Yap1 nuclear accumulation and over-expression of a set of Yap1-regulated oxido-reductases with antioxidant properties that ultimately re-equilibrate intracellular redox environment, reducing substantially ROS-associated DNA damages. This trr1Δ -induced effect was largely thioredoxin-dependent, probably mediated by oxidized forms of thioredoxins, the primary substrates of Trr1. Thioredoxin Trx1 and Trx2 were constitutively and strongly oxidized in the absence of Trr1. In trx1Δ trx2Δ cells, Yap1 was only moderately activated; consistently, the trx1Δ trx2Δ double deletion failed to efficiently rescue the viability of tsa1Δ rad51Δ. Finally, we showed that modulation of the dNTP pool size also influences the formation of spontaneous mutation in trr1Δ and trx1Δ trx2Δ strains. We present a tentative model that helps to estimate the respective impact of ROS level and dNTP concentration in the generation of spontaneous mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ragu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Michèle Dardalhon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ismail Iraqui
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Virginie Grondin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Guy Kienda
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Roland Chanet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Richard D. Kolodner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California School of Medicine San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Gérard Faye
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
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Xu YN, Bazeille N, Ding XY, Lu XM, Wang PY, Bugnard E, Grondin V, Dou SX, Xi XG. Multimeric BLM is dissociated upon ATP hydrolysis and functions as monomers in resolving DNA structures. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:9802-14. [PMID: 22885301 PMCID: PMC3479192 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloom (BLM) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an increased risk for many types of cancers. Previous studies have shown that BLM protein forms a hexameric ring structure, but its oligomeric form in DNA unwinding is still not well clarified. In this work, we have used dynamic light scattering and various stopped-flow assays to study the active form and kinetic mechanism of BLM in DNA unwinding. It was found that BLM multimers were dissociated upon ATP hydrolysis. Steady-state and single-turnover kinetic studies revealed that BLM helicase always unwound duplex DNA in the monomeric form under conditions of varying enzyme and ATP concentrations as well as 3'-ssDNA tail lengths, with no sign of oligomerization being discerned. Measurements of ATPase activity further indicated that BLM helicase might still function as monomers in resolving highly structured DNAs such as Holliday junctions and D-loops. These results shed new light on the underlying mechanism of BLM-mediated DNA unwinding and on the molecular and functional basis for the phenotype of heterozygous carriers of BLM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Duboc H, Rainteau D, Rajca S, Humbert L, Farabos D, Maubert M, Grondin V, Jouet P, Bouhassira D, Seksik P, Sokol H, Coffin B, Sabaté JM. Increase in fecal primary bile acids and dysbiosis in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:513-20, e246-7. [PMID: 22356587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial disease for which a dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been described. Bile acids (BA) could play a role as they are endogenous laxatives and are metabolized by gut microbiota. We compared fecal BA profiles and microbiota in healthy subjects (HS) and patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), and we searched for an association with symptoms. METHODS Clinical features and stool samples were collected in IBS-D patients and HS. Fecal BA profiles were generated using HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The fecal microbiota composition was assessed by q-PCR targeting dominant bacterial groups and species implicated in BA transformation. KEY RESULTS Fourteen IBS-D patients and 18 HS were included. The two groups were comparable in terms of age and sex. The percentage of fecal primary BA was significantly higher in IBS-D patients than in HS, and it was significantly correlated with stool consistency and frequency. Fecal counts of all bacteria, lactobacillus, coccoides, leptum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were similar. There was a significant increase of Escherichia coli and a significant decrease of leptum and bifidobacterium in IBS-D patients. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We report an increase of primary BA in the feces of IBS-D patients compared to HS, correlated with stool consistency and frequency. A dysbiosis of different bacterial groups was detected, some of them involved in BA transformation. As the gut microbiota is the exclusive pathway to transform primary into secondary BA, this suggests a functional consequence of dysbiosis, leading to lower BA transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Duboc
- Hepato Gastro Enterology Department, Louis Mourier Hospital, University Paris VII, AP-HP, Colombes, France.
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Bergeron V, Grondin V, Rajca S, Maubert MA, Pigneur B, Thomas G, Trugnan G, Beaugerie L, Cosnes J, Masliah J, Sokol H, Seksik P, Bachelet M. Current smoking differentially affects blood mononuclear cells from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: relevance to its adverse role in the disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1101-11. [PMID: 21987436 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic data suggest that smoking increases the risk and the severity of Crohn's disease (CD), although it may protect patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate this paradox, we evaluated the effect of cigarette smoke in the function of blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects and patients with CD or UC in flare up. METHODS The production of mediators associated with inflammation but also with protective functions was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), following either in vivo or in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke. RESULTS We found that mononuclear cells from smokers with CD were functionally impaired. These cells secreted lower levels of chemokines and cytokines as compared with nonsmoker counterparts, whereas healthy smokers or smokers with UC were not affected. Similar findings were noted after in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke extract. In addition, cells from patients with CD who smoke presented a defective sensitivity to antiinflammatory or antioxidant protection, and particularly synthesized lower levels of cytoprotective Hsp70. The effects observed were not due to diminished cell viability. Our experiments suggest that cigarette smoke-related responses were largely dependent on oxidative stress generated, and not on the nicotine component. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data point out the presence of biological differences between blood mononuclear cells from patients with CD and UC toward cigarette smoke that might support its opposite role in both diseases.
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Grondin V, Seksik P, Dumont S, Thomas G, Trugnan G, Fléjou JF, Masliah J, Wendum D, Bachelet M. Regulation of colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by MD-2 activity. Innate Immun 2010; 17:414-22. [PMID: 20699280 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910375583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that signalling through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a significant role in the development of gastrointestinal malignancies. We previously demonstrated the critical role of myeloid differentiation (MD)-2, the essential co-receptor of LPS, for induction of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 in intestinal epithelial cells. Cyclooxigenase-2 was suggested to play a key role in colorectal cancer through the effects of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) generated. We, therefore, addressed the role of MD-2 in several parameters related to malignancy, namely cell proliferation and migration, using colon cancer cells (HT-29). We found that overexpression of MD-2 confers a significantly greater proliferation and migration capacity to these cells. MD-2-dependent proliferation and migration appeared independent of Cox-2 activity but was reduced by endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) neutralizing antibodies as well as by pharmacological inhibition of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. We propose that MD-2 overexpression contributes to tumour aggressiveness via a Cox-2-independent excessive EGFR signalling. Moreover, MD-2 expression levels were higher in tissue from patients with colorectal cancer as compared with paired control colorectal mucosa. Our data attest to a role of MD-2 activity in colon cancer epithelial cell proliferation and migration, which may be important in the general correlation between innate immune response, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
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Senechal B, Elain G, Jeziorski E, Grondin V, Patey-Mariaud de Serre N, Jaubert F, Beldjord K, Lellouch A, Glorion C, Zerah M, Mary P, Barkaoui M, Emile JF, Boccon-Gibod L, Josset P, Debré M, Fischer A, Donadieu J, Geissmann F. Expansion of regulatory T cells in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e253. [PMID: 17696642 PMCID: PMC1945037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal granulomatous disease that affects mainly children. LCH can involve various tissues such as bone, skin, lung, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the central nervous system, and is frequently responsible for functional sequelae. The pathophysiology of LCH is unclear, but the uncontrolled proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs) is believed to be the primary event in the formation of granulomas. The present study was designed to further investigate the nature of proliferating cells and the immune mechanisms involved in the LCH granulomas. METHODS AND FINDINGS Biopsies (n = 24) and/or blood samples (n = 25) from 40 patients aged 0.25 to 13 y (mean 7.8 y), were studied to identify cells that proliferate in blood and granulomas. We found that the proliferating index of LCs was low ( approximately 1.9%), and we did not observe expansion of a monocyte or dendritic cell compartment in patients. We found that LCH lesions were a site of active inflammation, tissue remodeling, and neo-angiogenesis, and the majority of proliferating cells were endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and polyclonal T lymphocytes. Within granulomas, interleukin 10 was abundant, LCs expressed the TNF receptor family member RANK, and CD4(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(high) regulatory T cells (T-regs) represented 20% of T cells, and were found in close contact with LCs. FoxP3(+) T-regs were also expanded compared to controls, in the blood of LCH patients with active disease, among whom seven out of seven tested exhibited an impaired skin delayed-type hypersensitivity response. In contrast, the number of blood T-regs were normal after remission of LCH. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that LC accumulation in LCH results from survival rather than uncontrolled proliferation, and is associated with the expansion of T-regs. These data suggest that LCs may be involved in the expansion of T-regs in vivo, resulting in the failure of the host immune system to eliminate LCH cells. Thus T-regs could be a therapeutic target in LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Senechal
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Elain
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Eric Jeziorski
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Grondin
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Patey-Mariaud de Serre
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Francis Jaubert
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kheira Beldjord
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arielle Lellouch
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Glorion
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Zerah
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mary
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Barkaoui
- Delegation a la Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Francois Emile
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Liliane Boccon-Gibod
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Josset
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Debré
- Immunology and Hematology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Immunology and Hematology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean Donadieu
- Department of Hematology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- INSERM, U838, Laboratory of Biology of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes Medical School, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Wiggs J, Nordenskjöld M, Yandell D, Rapaport J, Grondin V, Janson M, Werelius B, Petersen R, Craft A, Riedel K. Prediction of the risk of hereditary retinoblastoma, using DNA polymorphisms within the retinoblastoma gene. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:151-7. [PMID: 2892131 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198801213180305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular cloning, we earlier isolated the "retinoblastoma gene"; mutations or deletions at this locus are associated with the hereditary predisposition to some human cancers, especially retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. To develop diagnostic tests for such a predisposition, we identified restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the retinoblastoma gene and tested their usefulness in predicting the risk of cancer in 20 families with members who had hereditary retinoblastoma. We were able to make predictions in 19 of the 20 kindreds. In 18 kindreds, we demonstrated a consistent association of marker RFLPs with the mutation predisposing to retinoblastoma. In the 19th kindred, there may be a lack of cosegregation of the DNA polymorphisms within the gene and the site of the mutation predisposing to retinoblastoma. However, there is uncertainty about the clinical diagnosis of the retinal lesion in a key member of this kindred; if the lesion is not a retinoblastoma, there is no discrepancy between the DNA polymorphisms and the retinoblastoma trait. We conclude that it is feasible and clinically useful to use these DNA polymorphisms to determine the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wiggs
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114
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