1
|
Tsers I, Parfirova O, Moruzhenkova V, Petrova O, Gogoleva N, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. A Switch from Latent to Typical Infection during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Tobacco Interactions: Predicted and True Molecular Players. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13283. [PMID: 37686094 PMCID: PMC10487725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic microorganisms, being able to cause plant diseases, usually interact with hosts asymptomatically, resulting in the development of latent infections. Knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger a switch from latent to typical, symptomatic infection is of great importance from the perspectives of both fundamental science and disease management. No studies to date have compared, at the systemic molecular level, the physiological portraits of plants when different infection types (typical and latent) are developed. The only phytopathogenic bacterium for which latent infections were not only widely described but also at least fluently characterized at the molecular level is Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba). The present study aimed at the comparison of plant transcriptome responses during typical and latent infections caused by Pba in order to identify and then experimentally verify the key molecular players that act as switchers, turning peaceful plant-Pba coexistence into a typical infection. Based on RNA-Seq, we predicted plant cell wall-, secondary metabolism-, and phytohormone-related genes whose products contributed to the development of the disease or provided asymptomatic plant-Pba interactions. By treatment tests, we confirmed that a switch from latent to typical Pba-caused infection is determined by the plant susceptible responses mediated by the joint action of ethylene and jasmonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Varvara Moruzhenkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Islamov B, Petrova O, Mikshina P, Kadyirov A, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. The Role of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Exopolysaccharides in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12781. [PMID: 34884586 PMCID: PMC8657720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), one of the members of the soft rot Pectobacteriaceae, forms biofilm-like structures known as bacterial emboli when colonizing the primary xylem vessels of the host plants. The initial extracellular matrix of the bacterial emboli is composed of the host plant's pectic polysaccharides, which are gradually substituted by the Pba-produced exopolysaccharides (Pba EPS) as the bacterial emboli "mature". No information about the properties of Pba EPS and their possible roles in Pba-plant interactions has so far been obtained. We have shown that Pba EPS possess physical properties that can promote the maintenance of the structural integrity of bacterial emboli. These polymers increase the viscosity of liquids and form large supramolecular aggregates. The formation of Pba EPS aggregates is provided (at least partly) by the acetyl groups of the Pba EPS molecules. Besides, Pba EPS scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of which is known to be associated with the formation of bacterial emboli. In addition, Pba EPS act as suppressors of the quantitative immunity of plants, repressing PAMP-induced reactions; this property is partly lost in the deacetylated form of Pba EPS. Overall, our study shows that Pba EPS play structural, protective, and immunosuppressive roles during Pba-plant interactions and thus should be considered as virulence factors of these bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Aidar Kadyirov
- Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gorshkov V, Parfirova O, Petrova O, Gogoleva N, Kovtunov E, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y. The Knockout of Enterobactin-Related Gene in Pectobacterium atrosepticum Results in Reduced Stress Resistance and Virulence towards the Primed Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179594. [PMID: 34502502 PMCID: PMC8431002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophores produced by microorganisms to scavenge iron from the environment have been shown to contribute to virulence and/or stress resistance of some plant pathogenic bacteria. Phytopathogenic bacteria of Pectobacterium genus possess genes for the synthesis of siderophore enterobactin, which role in plant-pathogen interactions has not been elucidated. In the present study we characterized the phenotype of the mutant strain of Pba deficient for the enterobactin-biosynthetic gene entA. We showed that enterobactin may be considered as a conditionally beneficial virulence factor of Pba. The entA knockout did not reduce Pba virulence on non-primed plants; however, salicylic acid-primed plants were more resistant to ΔentA mutant than to the wild type Pba. The reduced virulence of ΔentA mutant towards the primed plants is likely explained by its compromised resistance to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kovtunov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (O.P.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (E.K.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wayne P, Cooper S, Simons D, Trueba-Monje I, Freelong D, Vigil G, Vorobieff P, Truman CR, Vorob’ev V, Clark T. Dalton's and Amagat's laws fail in gas mixtures with shock propagation. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax4749. [PMID: 31840065 PMCID: PMC6897548 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A shock propagating through a gas mixture leads to pressure, temperature, and density increases across the shock front. Rankine-Hugoniot relations correlating pre- and post-shock quantities describe a calorically perfect gas but deliver a good approximation for real gases, provided the pre-shock conditions are well characterized with a thermodynamic mixing model. Two classic thermodynamic models of gas mixtures are Dalton's law of partial pressures and Amagat's law of partial volumes. We measure post-shock temperature and pressure in experiments with nonreacting binary mixtures of sulfur hexafluoride and helium (two dramatically disparate gases) and show that neither model can accurately predict the observed values, on time scales much longer than that of the shock front passage, due to the models' implicit assumptions about mixture behavior on the molecular level. However, kinetic molecular theory can help account for the discrepancy. Our results provide starting points for future theoretical work, experiments, and code validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Wayne
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - S. Cooper
- J. Mike Walker’ 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - D. Simons
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - I. Trueba-Monje
- Aerospace Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - D. Freelong
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - G. Vigil
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - P. Vorobieff
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - C. R. Truman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - V. Vorob’ev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - T. Clark
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|