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Lillis A, Beverly S, Collins S, O’Driscoll M, Marsh E, Matthews J, Donovan J, Banya W, Madge S, Ukor EF, Felton I, Jones A, Belkarty B, Kapila D, Ge Y, Bowd G, Joshi N, Wahed M, Patel K, Simmonds N. P201 Bowel screening for cancer in pre-transplant people with cystic fibrosis and the accuracy of faecal immunochemical testing. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hanger S, Bowman E, Caldwell C, Banya W, Madge S, Felton I, Ukor EF, Jones A, Simmonds N. P046 The effectiveness of CFTR modulators in people with cystic fibrosis and rare mutations – a real-world study. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Morosin M, Garda R, Zaleska-Kociecka M, Piotrowska K, Banya W, Guha K, Patel B, Sundeep K. Safety and efficacy of levosimendan in a cardiothoracic ICU – 5 year data. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rogers P, Banya W, Kabir T, Panoulas V, Probert H, Prendergast C, Taylor R, Dalby M. P5436Does cardiac rehabilitation improve functional, independence, frailty and emotional outcomes following trans catheter aortic valve replacement? Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Rogers
- Harefield Hospital, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Banya
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Statistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Kabir
- Harefield Hospital, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Panoulas
- Harefield Hospital, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Probert
- Harefield Hospital, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Prendergast
- Harefield Hospital, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Taylor
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - M Dalby
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Arachchillage DRJ, Kamani F, Deplano S, Banya W, Laffan M. Should we abandon the APTT for monitoring unfractionated heparin? Thromb Res 2017; 157:157-161. [PMID: 28759760 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is commonly used to monitor unfractionated heparin (UFH) but may not accurately measure the amount of heparin present. The anti-Xa assay is less susceptible to confounding factors and may be a better assay for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS The validity of the APTT for monitoring UFH was assessed by comparing with an anti-Xa assay on 3543 samples from 475 patients (infants [n=165], children 1-15years [n=60] and adults [n=250]) receiving treatment dose UFH. RESULTS Overall concordance was poor. The highest concordance (66%; 168/254) was seen in children. Concordance (51.8%) or discordance (48.4%) was almost equal in adult patients. Among adult patients whose anti-Xa level was within 0.3-0.7IU/mL, only 38% had an APTT in the therapeutic range whilst 56% were below and 6% were above therapeutic range. Children and adult patients with anti-Xa of 0.3-0.7IU/mL but sub- therapeutic APTT had significantly higher fibrinogen levels compared to those with therapeutic or supra-therapeutic APTT. CONCLUSIONS When the anti-Xa level was 0.3-0.7IU/mL, the majority of samples from infants demonstrated a supra-therapeutic APTT, whilst adults tended to have a sub-therapeutic APTT. This may lead to under anticoagulation in infants or over anticoagulation in adults with risk of bleeding if APTT is used to monitor UFH. These results further strengthen existing evidence of the limitation of APTT in monitoring UFH. Discordance of APTT and anti-Xa level in adults and children may be due to elevation of fibrinogen level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R J Arachchillage
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - F Kamani
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Deplano
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - W Banya
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Laffan
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
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Morton R, Doe S, Banya W, Simmonds N. EPS7.10 Clinical benefit of continuous nebulised Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation (AZLI) in adults with cystic fibrosis – a retrospective cohort study. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Feary JR, Fitzgerald B, Lightfoot Z, Banya W, Jones M, Cullinan P. P56 Cross-sectional study of prevalence of sensitisation to mouse allergens in laboratory animal workers: the SPIRAL (Safe Practice In Reducing Allergy in Laboratories) study. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Canizales J, Welch J, Fitzgerald B, Lightfoot Z, Banya W, Feary J, Cullinan P, Jones M. P53 Determination of specific IgE antibodies to mouse proteins in laboratory animal workers: Abstract P53 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Werner RA, Maya Y, Yamane T, Rischpler C, Fukushima K, Chen X, Lapa C, Herrmann K, Higuchi T, Thorn S, Stacy M, Purcell B, Doviak H, Shuman J, Perez E, Burdick J, Spinale F, Sinusas A, Treibel T, Bandula S, Fontana M, White S, Gilbertson J, Punwani S, Gillmore J, Hawkins P, Taylor S, Moon J, Caobelli F, Wollenweber T, Kuehn C, Bavendiek U, Schuetze C, Geworski L, Bauersachs J, Haverich A, Bengel F, Barysheva N, Merkulova I, Shabanova M, Gaman S, Veselova T, Shariya M, Kelion AD, Pakkal M, Chowdhury F, Nagaraj N, Birchall J, Dixon K, Banya W, Mccann G, Gershlick A, Rischpler C, Dirschinger R, Nicolosi S, Kossmann H, Meinicke A, Hanus F, Goetze K, Laugwitz K, Schwaiger M, Nekolla S, Rischpler C, Dirschinger R, Nicolosi S, Kossmann H, Meinicke A, Hanus F, Goetze K, Laugwitz K, Schwaiger M, Nekolla S. Moderated Poster Session 4: Monday 4 May 2015, 15:30-16:30 * Room: Moderated Poster Area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pekelharing J, Furck A, Banya W, Macrae D, Davidson SJ. Comparison between thromboelastography and conventional coagulation tests after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in the paediatric intensive care unit. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:465-71. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Pekelharing
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care; Royal Brompton Hospital & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - A. Furck
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care; Royal Brompton Hospital & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - W. Banya
- Department of Research and Development; Royal Brompton Hospital & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - D. Macrae
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care; Royal Brompton Hospital & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - S. J. Davidson
- Department of Haematology; Royal Brompton Hospital & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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Gibeon D, Zhu J, Sogbesan A, Banya W, Rossios C, Saito J, Rocha JP, Hull JH, Menzies-Gow AN, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Lipid-laden bronchoalveolar macrophages in asthma and chronic cough. Respir Med 2013; 108:71-7. [PMID: 24172051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of lipids in alveolar macrophages (AMs) may impair their phagocytic response, and determine airway inflammation and obstruction. OBJECTIVE To determine the factors such as severity of asthma, chronic cough, airway inflammation and obesity that may influence the presence of lipids in lung macrophages. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from 38 asthmatics (21 severe and 17 mild/moderate), 16 subjects with chronic cough and 11 healthy control subjects. The presence of lipids in macrophages was detected using an Oil-red-O stain and an index of lipid-laden macrophages (LLMI) was obtained. RESULTS LLMI scores were higher in healthy subjects (median 48 [IQR 10-61]) and the severe asthma group (37 [11.5-61]) compared to mild/moderate asthmatics (7 [0.5-37]; p < 0.05 each). Subjects reporting a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) had higher LLMI values (41.5 [11.3-138] versus 13 [0-39.3], p = 0.02). There was no significant correlation between LLMI and chronic cough, BAL cell differential counts, FEV1, FEV1/FVC or body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS The reduced LLMI in mild/moderate asthma may be related to lower incidence of GORD. However, this was not related to the degree of airflow obstruction, obesity or airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gibeon
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - J Zhu
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Sogbesan
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Banya
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Rossios
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Saito
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J P Rocha
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J H Hull
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A N Menzies-Gow
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - P K Bhavsar
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K F Chung
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Till RJA, MacCallum A, Strain A, Moore J, Banya W, Cowie MR. 004 TELEMONITORING IN HEART FAILURE: EXPERIENCE OF A COMMUNITY-BASED HEART FAILURE SERVICE. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dhasmana D, Rowland-Jones K, Banya W, Simmonds N. 247 Cross sectional study of vitamin D and associated clinical features from a large adult CF unit. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
At the same time as cell salvage was introduced into our institution for all patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, we established a supporting programme of quality assurance to reassure clinicians regarding safety and efficacy. Data collected in patients operated on between 2001 and 2007 included pre- and post-wash heparin concentration, haemoglobin concentration and free haemoglobin concentration. Cell salvage was used in 6826 out of a total of 7243 patients (94%). Post-wash heparin concentration was consistently low (always < 0.4 IU.ml(-1)). There was a significant decrease in post-wash haemoglobin concentration in 2003 compared to 2001, from a median (IQR [range]) of 19.6 (16.7-22.2 [12.9-25.5]) g.dl(-1) to 17.5 (13.6-20.8 [12.6-23.7]) g.dl(-1) (p < 0.015). In addition, there was a significant increase in free plasma haemoglobin in 2006 compared to 2001, from 0.5 (0.3-0.8 [0.1-2.6]) g.l(-1) to 0.8 (0.3-1.4 [0.3-5.2]) g.l(-1) (p < 0.001). This programme led to the detection of a change in operator behaviour in 2003 and progressive machine deterioration resulting in appropriate fleet replacement in 2006. You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kelleher
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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Rice A, Mitchelson B, Banya W, Banner N, Burke M. 29 Inter-Observer Variation in Grading Capillary C4d Deposition in Cardiac Allograft Biopsies – A Single-Centre Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bulpitt CJ, Beckett NS, Peters R, Leonetti G, Gergova V, Fagard R, Burch LA, Banya W, Fletcher AE. Blood pressure control in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET). J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:157-63. [PMID: 21390056 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To report blood pressure control in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial, a placebo-controlled trial of hypertensive (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160-199 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <110 mm Hg) participants over the age of 80 years, given treatment in three steps: indapamide slow release 1.5 mg alone, indapamide plus 2 mg perindopril and indapamide plus 4 mg perindopril. The difference in control between participants with combined systolic and diastolic hypertension (SDH, DBP90 mm Hg) and those with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, DBP<90 mm Hg) is determined together with the effects of increments in the treatment regimen. At 2 years, the active treatment lowered blood pressure by 16.5/6.9 mm Hg more than that on placebo in participants with SDH and by 19.3/4.8 mm Hg more in those with ISH. The 2-year falls in pressure on placebo alone were 13.2/8.5 mm Hg in SDH and 8.2/1.5 mm Hg in ISH participants. With full titration of active treatment, 62% of SDH participants achieved goal SBP (<150 mm Hg) by 2 years and 71% of those with ISH. The corresponding results for DBP control (<80 mm Hg) were 40 and 78%. The addition of active perindopril 2 mg roughly doubled the percentage controlled, as did increasing to 4 from 2 mg. Blood pressure control was good with ISH and better than with SDH. The fall in SBP accounted for the observed 30% reduction in strokes, but the 21% reduction in total mortality and 64% reduction in heart failure were greater than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Bulpitt
- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Care of the Elderly, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the survival of patients with cystic fibrosis whose lung function has deteriorated to a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) below 30% predicted in the recent treatment era and to explore factors associated with any change in survival. Design Cohort study. SETTING Adult cystic fibrosis unit in London. PARTICIPANTS 276 patients (147 (53%) male) whose FEV(1) was first observed to be less than 30% predicted between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Survival during follow-up to 31 December 2007 in two year sub-cohorts. RESULTS Median survival improved from 1.2 years in the 1990-1 group to 5.3 years in the 2002-3 group, with a marked improvement in survival from 1994. The use of nebulised recombinant human DNase was significantly associated with a reduced risk of death (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.79). Significantly increased risks were associated with a body mass index under 19 (hazard ratio 1.52, 1.10 to 2.10), long term oxygen therapy (3.52, 2.49 to 4.99), and nebulised antibiotics (1.84, 1.05 to 3.22). CONCLUSION A marked improvement has occurred in the survival of patients with cystic fibrosis with an FEV(1) less than 30% predicted. Secondary analyses suggest that some of this improvement may be due to use of recombinant human DNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M George
- Department of Cystic Fibrosis, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
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Alpendurada F, Carpenter JP, Deac M, Kirk P, Walker JM, Porter JB, Banya W, He T, Smith GC, Pennell DJ. Relation of myocardial T2* to right ventricular function in thalassaemia major. Eur Heart J 2010; 31:1648-54. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Okoko BJ, Wesumperuma LH, Ota MO, Pinder M, Banya W, Gomez SF, McAdam KP, Hart AC. The influence of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental transfer of antibodies and IgG subclasses in a rural West African population. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:627-32. [PMID: 11494168 DOI: 10.1086/322808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2001] [Revised: 05/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred thirteen mother-baby pairs in The Gambia were studied to determine the influence of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental antibody transfer. Antibody transfer for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was significantly reduced by placental malaria infection by 69%, 58%, and 55%, respectively. Maternal hypergammaglobulinemia was associated with a significant reduction in antibody transfer for HSV-1, RSV, VZV, and pneumococcus by 89%, 90%, 91%, and 88%, respectively. In addition, placental malaria infection was associated with a significant reduction in transfer of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 (P<.01, P=.01, and P=.03, respectively) but not of IgG3 (P=.59). Maternal hypergammaglobulinemia significantly impaired the transfer of IgG1 and IgG2 (P=.01) but not of IgG3 or IgG4 (P=.62 and P=.59, respectively). Placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia were associated with reduction in the transplacental transfer of these specific antibodies, IgG1, and IgG2 in this Gambian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Okoko
- Vaccine Trial Unit, Medical Research Council, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa.
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Jepson A, Fowler A, Banya W, Singh M, Bennett S, Whittle H, Hill AV. Genetic regulation of acquired immune responses to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a study of twins in West Africa. Infect Immun 2001; 69:3989-94. [PMID: 11349068 PMCID: PMC98461 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.6.3989-3994.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of genetic factors in clinical tuberculosis is increasingly recognized; how such factors regulate the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthy individuals is unclear. In this study of 255 adult twin pairs residing in The Gambia, West Africa, it is apparent that memory T-cell responses to secreted mycobacterial antigens (85-kDa antigen complex, "short-term culture filtrate," and peptides from the ESAT-6 protein), as well as to the 65-kDa heat shock protein, are subject to effective genetic regulation. The delayed hypersensitivity response to intradermal tuberculin also demonstrates significant genetic variance, while quantitative T-cell and antibody responses to the 38-kDa cell membrane protein appear to be determined largely by environmental factors. Such findings have implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jepson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Jepson A, Sisay-Joof F, Banya W, Hassan-King M, Frodsham A, Bennett S, Hill AV, Whittle H. Genetic linkage of mild malaria to the major histocompatibility complex in Gambian children: study of affected sibling pairs. BMJ 1997; 315:96-7. [PMID: 9240049 PMCID: PMC2127070 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7100.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jepson
- Wellcome Trust, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
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Jepson A, Banya W, Sisay-Joof F, Hassan-King M, Nunes C, Bennett S, Whittle H. Quantification of the relative contribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes to human immune responses to foreign antigens. Infect Immun 1997; 65:872-6. [PMID: 9038290 PMCID: PMC175062 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.3.872-876.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the extent to which genetic factors influence the immune response is important in the development of subunit vaccines. Associations with HLA gene polymorphisms appear insufficient to explain the range of variation in immune responses to vaccines and to infections by major pathogens. In this study of Gambian twins we report that regulation of the immune response to a variety of antigens from Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is controlled by factors which are encoded by genes that lie both within and outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We define the relative contribution of these genes, which varies for different antigens. The cumulative genetic contribution of non-MHC genes to the total phenotypic variance exceeds that of the MHC-encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jepson
- MRC Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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Jepson A, Banya W, Hassan-King M, Sisay F, Bennett S, Whittle H. Twin children in The Gambia: evidence for genetic regulation of physical characteristics in the presence of sub-optimal nutrition. Ann Trop Paediatr 1994; 14:309-13. [PMID: 7880093 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1994.11747734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that physical growth characteristics are subject to genetic regulation. However, in developing countries, environmental factors such as food availability and frequent infections are associated with growth faltering which is particularly marked in infancy. We have conducted anthropometric measurements of a cohort of twin children aged less than 14 years living in a rural area of The Gambia to ascertain the extent to which genetic factors influence physical growth in the presence of a sub-optimal diet. Almost 25% of the children were more than 2SD below the median of the reference population in terms of their height-for-age Z score, indicating a marked level of undernutrition. Nevertheless, the within-pair variances were significantly less for monozygous than for dizygous twin pairs for the following variables: height, head circumference and body mass index (p < 0.01); weight (p < 0.02) and mid upper arm circumference (p < 0.1), indicating that there is a strong genetic influence on growth regulation despite the sub-optimal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jepson
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia, West Africa
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