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Newmark J, Bell C, O'Sullivan D, Wierzbicki A, Soran H, Simpson W, Miedzybrodzka Z. Familial chylomicronaemia syndrome: National genetics testing results from the United Kingdom. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McGrath BA, Lynch K, Templeton R, Webster K, Simpson W, Alexander P, Columb MO. Assessment of scoring systems to describe the position of tracheostomy tubes within the airway - the lunar study. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:132-138. [PMID: 28039250 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malposition of tracheostomy tubes is difficult to detect at the bedside and may contribute to eventual device misplacement. Endoscopic examination can be undertaken via tracheoscopic (T-view) or trans-laryngeal (L-view) approach, offering more precise detail regarding positioning within the airway. The aims of this study were to evaluate inter-rater agreement between bespoke T and L view scoring systems and subsequently whether T-views could predict L-views. METHODS Adult intensive care unit patients with percutaneous or surgical tracheostomies were included and paired T and L-views of their tracheostomy tube within the airway were taken on up to four occasions. Images were later scored by five independent raters using bespoke scoring systems. The primary outcome was to determine the T and L view scoring system with the best inter-rater agreement, defined by weighted kappa and intra-class correlation coefficients. The secondary outcome was to assess agreement between T and L-view scoring systems. RESULTS Seventy-one T-views and 43 L-views were obtained from a total of 20 patients. Images were scored by five raters, resulting in 355 T-view scores, 215 L-view scores and 215 paired T and L-view scores for comparison. There was good inter-rater agreement (highest T-view k = 0.84, L-view k = 0.72). There was poor agreement between T and L-view scores for each of the paired images (highest k = 0.25) although extreme-to-extreme misclassification rates remained acceptable. CONCLUSIONS Whilst our data demonstrated good inter-rater agreement between scoring systems, it is not possible to reliably predict the T-view orientation and position of a tracheostomy tube within the airway from the paired L-view. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01356719.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A McGrath
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK .,Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - K Lynch
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Templeton
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Webster
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Simpson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Alexander
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M O Columb
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Gomm E, Grimaldi R, Galloway R, Sharma S, Simpson W, Cottingham R. Successful out-of-hospital therapy for heatstroke in three marathon runners with a novel core body cooling device: CAERvest(®). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 26:854-5. [PMID: 27354330 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Gomm
- Department of Anaesthesia, Brighton and Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - R Grimaldi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Brighton and Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - R Galloway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, St George's Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - W Simpson
- Research and Development, Bodychillz Ltd, The Beehive, Gatwick, UK
| | - R Cottingham
- Research and Development, Bodychillz Ltd, The Beehive, Gatwick, UK.
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Jones M, Pietilä I, Joronen K, Simpson W, Gray S, Kaunonen M. Parents with mental illness - a qualitative study of identities and experiences with support services. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2016; 23:471-478. [PMID: 27500507 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: According to estimates more than half of adult mental health service users are parents, but their experiences are largely lacking from research literature. Parental mental illness can often be viewed from a risk perspective. Parents with mental illness and their families have unmet support needs. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Parents with mental illness want acknowledgement that they can be able and responsible. Many parents adopt an expert by experience identity. Fathers can feel their parental role is not recognized and mothers express fears of being judged if they discuss their illness. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Adult mental health services need to recognize and support parental role of service users. Joint care planning and family oriented care should be promoted. Professionals should take advantage of the knowledge of these parents and they could be more actively engaged in service development. ABSTRACT Introduction Parental mental illness is often viewed from a risk perspective. Despite this, being a parent can be both valuable and motivating. Research literature lacks the perspective of mothers and fathers, who have experienced mental illness. Aim This study explores how parents with mental illness construct their identities as mothers and fathers and their experiences with health and social care services. Method Three focus groups with 19 participants were conducted in Finland and Scotland. Methods of discourse analysis have been used in to analyse the interview data. Results Adult service users want their parenting role recognized and supported. Parents have knowledge and skills which can be utilized and many have adopted an expert by experience identity. Discussion Being able to see oneself as a 'good' parent can be challenging but important. Parents may require support, but want to be included in the planning of their care. Services could make more use of the knowledge and skills parents and families have, and joint working could lessen parents' anxieties. Implications for practice Mental health practitioners are in a key position in providing more family centred, resource focused care. Service user expertise should be acknowledged in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - I Pietilä
- Institute of Advanced Social Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Joronen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - W Simpson
- Playfield Institute, Stratheden Hospital, Fife, UK
| | - S Gray
- NHS Fife R & D Department, Education Centre, Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline, UK
| | - M Kaunonen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Simpson W, Kerr DNS, Hill AVL, Siddiqui J. Radiological Changes in the Bones of Patients on Regular Hæmodialysis in Newcastle upon Tyne [Abstract]. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591577206500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Simpson
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Newcastle University Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - D N S Kerr
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Newcastle University Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - A V L Hill
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Newcastle University Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - J Siddiqui
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Newcastle University Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J R Young
- Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE
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Reyes-Bahamonde J, Raimann JG, Canaud B, Etter M, Kooman JP, Levin NW, Marcelli D, Marelli C, Power A, Van Der Sande FM, Thijssen S, Usvyat LA, Wang Y, Kotanko P, Blank PR, Szucs TD, Gibertoni D, Torroni S, Mandreoli M, Rucci P, Fantini MP, Santoro A, Van Der Veer SN, Nistor I, Bernaert P, Bolignano D, Brown EA, Covic A, Farrington K, Kooman J, Macias J, Mooney A, Van Munster BC, Van Den Noortgate N, Topinkova E, Wirnsberger G, Jager KJ, Van Biesen W, Stubnova V, Os I, Grundtvig M, Waldum B, Wu HY, Peng YS, Wu MS, Chu TS, Chien KL, Hung KY, Wu KD, Carrero JJ, Huang X, Sui X, Ruiz JR, Hirth V, Ortega FB, Blair SN, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Rivoli L, Presta P, Mazza G, Fuiano G, Marx S, Petrilla A, Hengst N, Lee WC, Ruggajo P, Skrunes R, Svarstad E, Skjaerven R, Reisaether AV, Vikse BE, Fujii N, Hamano T, Akagi S, Watanabe T, Imai E, Nitta K, Akizawa T, Matsuo S, Makino H, Scalzotto E, Corradi V, Nalesso F, Zaglia T, Neri M, Martino F, Zanella M, Brendolan A, Mongillo M, Ronco C, Occelli F, Genin M, Deram A, Glowacki F, Cuny D, Mansurova I, Alchinbayev M, Malikh MA, Song S, Shin MJ, Rhee H, Yang BY, Kim I, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kwak IS, Isnard Bagnis C, Speyer E, Beauger D, Caille Y, Baudelot C, Mercier S, Jacquelinet C, Gentile SM, Briancon S, Yu TM, Li CY, Krivoshiev S, Borissova AM, Shinkov A, Svinarov D, Vlachov J, Koteva A, Dakovska L, Mihaylov G, Popov A, Polner K, Mucsi I, Braunitzer H, Kiss A, Nadasdi Z, Haris A, Zdrojewski L, Zdrojewski T, Rutkowski B, Minami S, Hesaka A, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Sakai S, Fujimoto T, Sasaki K, Fujita Y, Yokoyama K, Dey V, Farrah T, Traynor J, Spalding E, Robertson S, Geddes CC, Mann MC, Hobbs A, Hemmelgarn BR, Roberts D, Ahmed SB, Rabi D, Elewa U, Fernandez B, Alegre ER, Mahillo I, Egido J, Ortiz A, Marx S, Pomerantz D, Vietri J, Zewinger S, Speer T, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Woitas R, Pfahler K, Seiler S, Heine GH, Lepper PM, Marz W, Silbernagel G, Fliser D, Caldararu CD, Gliga ML, Tarta ID, Szanto A, Carlan O, Dogaru GA, Battaglia Y, Del Prete MA, De Gregorio MG, Errichiello C, Gisonni P, Russo L, Scognamiglio B, Storari A, Russo D, Kuma A, Serino R, Miyamoto T, Tamura M, Otsuji Y, Kung LF, Naito S, Iimori S, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Kang YU, Kim HY, Choi JS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Muthuppalaniappan VM, Byrne C, Sheaff M, Rajakariar R, Blunden M, Delmas Y, Loirat C, Muus P, Legendre C, Douglas K, Hourmant M, Herthelius M, Trivelli A, Goodship T, Bedrosian CL, Licht C, Marks A, Black C, Clark L, Prescott G, Robertson L, Simpson W, Simpson W, Fluck N, Wang SL, Hsu YH, Pai HC, Chang YM, Liu WH, Hsu CC, Shvetsov M, Nagaytseva S, Gerasimov A, Shalyagin Y, Ivanova E, Shilov E, Zhang Y, Zuo W, Marx S, Manthena S, Newmark J, Zdrojewski L, Rutkowski M, Zdrojewski T, Bandosz P, Gaciong Z, Solnica B, Rutkowski B, Wyrzykowski B, Ensergueix G, Karras A, Levi C, Chauvet S, Trivin C, Ficheux M, Augusto JF, Boudet R, Chambaraud T, Boudou-Rouquette P, Tubiana-Mathieu N, Aldigier JC, Jacquot C, Essig M, Thervet E, Oh YJ, Lee CS, Malho Guedes A, Silva AP, Goncalves C, Sampaio S, Morgado E, Santos V, Bernardo I, Leao Neves P, Onuigbo M, Agbasi N. CKD GENERAL AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Gruen ME, Griffith E, Thomson A, Simpson W, Lascelles BDX. Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease associated pain. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:346-50. [PMID: 24512390 PMCID: PMC4064787 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) is complicated by a lack of validated outcome measures and a placebo effect. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate a novel approach for detection of pain relief in cats with DJD. Animals Fifty‐eight client‐owned cats. Methods Prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, stratified, randomized, clinical study. Enrolled cats were 6–21 years of age, with owner‐observed mobility impairment, evidence of pain in at least 2 joints during orthopedic examination, and overlapping radiographic evidence of DJD, and underwent a 2‐week baseline period, 3‐week treatment period with placebo or meloxicam, and 3‐week masked washout period. Outcome measures were evaluated at days 0, 15, 36, and 57. Results Both groups significantly improved after the treatment period (day 36) on client‐specific outcome measures (CSOM) and feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) (P < .0001 for both); there was no difference between the groups on CSOM or FMPI score improvement. After the masked washout period, more cats that received meloxicam during the treatment period had a clinically relevant decrease in CSOM score (P = .048) and FMPI score (P = .021) than cats that received placebo. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Using both a client‐specific and a general clinical metrology instrument, owners of cats with DJD were able to detect evident recurrence of clinical signs after withdrawal of active medication than after withdrawal of placebo, and that this study design might be a novel and useful way to circumvent the placebo effect and detect the efficacy of pain‐relieving medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
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Benito J, Depuy V, Hardie E, Zamprogno H, Thomson A, Simpson W, Roe S, Hansen B, Lascelles BDX. Reliability and discriminatory testing of a client-based metrology instrument, feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. Vet J 2013; 196:368-73. [PMID: 23369382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Benito
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Benito J, Hansen B, DePuy V, Davidson G, Thomson A, Simpson W, Roe S, Hardie E, Lascelles B. Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index: Responsiveness and Testing of Criterion Validity. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:474-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Benito
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - B. Hansen
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - V. DePuy
- Bowden Statistical Consulting; Oxford NC
| | - G.S. Davidson
- Clinical Pharmacy Services; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - A. Thomson
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - W. Simpson
- Morrisville Cat Hospital; Morrisville NC
| | - S. Roe
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - E. Hardie
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - B.D.X. Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
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Sharma P, Boyers D, Boachie C, Stewart F, Miedzybrodzka Z, Simpson W, Kilonzo M, McNamee P, Mowatt G. Elucigene FH20 and LIPOchip for the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2012; 16:1-266. [PMID: 22469073 DOI: 10.3310/hta16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition causing a high risk of coronary heart disease. The prevalence of this disease is about 1 in 500 in the UK, affecting about 120,000 people across the whole of the UK. Current guidelines recommend DNA testing, however, these guidelines are poorly implemented, therefore 102,000 or 85% of this group remain undiagnosed. OBJECTIVES To assess the diagnostic accuracy, effect on patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness of Elucigene FH20 and LIPOchip for the diagnosis of FH. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched until January 2011. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review of the literature on diagnostic accuracy was carried out according to standard methods. An economic model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of alternative diagnostic strategies for the confirmation of clinically diagnosed FH in index cases and for the identification and subsequent testing of first-, second- and possibly third-degree biological relatives of the index case. Twelve strategies were evaluated linking diagnostic accuracy to treatment outcomes and hence quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to investigate model and parameter uncertainty. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included for diagnostic accuracy; three reported Elucigene FH20, five reported LIPOchip, four reported low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) tests and three reported an age- and gender-specific LDL-C test against a reference standard of comprehensive genetic analysis (CGA). Sensitivity ranged from 44% to 52% for Elucigene FH20 and from 33.3% to 94.5% for various versions of LIPOchip in detecting FH-causing mutations in patients with a clinical diagnosis of FH. For LIPOchip version 10 (designed to detect 189 UK specific mutations), sensitivity would be 78.5% (based on single-centre data - Progenika, personal communication). For all other Elucigene FH20 or LIPOchip studies (apart from one LIPOchip study), specificity could not be calculated as no false-positive results could be derived from the given data. The LDL-C test was generally reported to be highly sensitive but with low specificity. For age- and gender-specific LDL-C cut-offs for cascade testing, sensitivity ranged from 68% to 96%. One UK-based study reported sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 93%. For the cost-effectiveness review, only one study reporting cost-effectiveness of any one of the comparators for this assessment was identified. Pre-screen strategies such as Elucigene FH20 followed by CGA were not cost-effective and were dominated by the single more comprehensive tests (e.g. CGA). Of the non-dominated strategies, Elucigene FH20, LIPOchip platform (Spain) and CGA were all cost-effective with associated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) relative to LDL-C of dominance (test is less costly and more effective), £871 and £1030 per QALY gained respectively. CGA generates the greatest QALY gain and, although other tests have lower ICERs relative to LDL-C, this is at the expense of QALY loss compared with the CGA test. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows that CGA is associated with an almost 100% probability of cost-effectiveness at the conventional value of willingness to pay of £20,000 per QALY gain. LIMITATIONS There was much uncertainty regarding the diagnostic accuracy of the included tests, with wide variation in sensitivity across reported studies. A lack of published information for the most recent version of LIPOchip created additional uncertainty, especially in relation to the chip's ability to detect copy number changes. For the economic modelling, we aimed to choose the best studies for the base-case sensitivity of the tests; however, a number of informed choices based on clinical expert opinion had to be made in the absence of published studies for a number of other parameters in the modelling. This adds some uncertainty to our results, although it is unlikely that these would be sufficient in magnitude to alter our main results and conclusions. CONCLUSIONS As targeted tests designed to detect a limited number of genetic mutations, Elucigene FH20 and LIPOchip cannot detect all cases of FH, in contrast with CGA. CGA is therefore the most effective test in terms of sensitivity and QALY gain, and is also highly cost-effective with an associated ICER of £1030 per QALY gain relative to current practice (LDL-C). Other tests such as Elucigene FH20 and LIPOchip are also cost-effective; however, because of inferior sensitivity compared with CGA, these tests offer cost savings but at the expense of large QALY losses compared with CGA. Further prospective multicentred studies are required to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of new and emerging tests for FH with the LDL-C test in patients with a clinical diagnosis based on the Simon Broome criteria. Such studies should verify both test-positive and -negative results against a reference standard of CGA and should include a full economic evaluation. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- Health Services Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is not only managed by nephrologists, but also by several other subspecialists. The referral rate to nephrologists and the factors influencing it are unknown. AIMS To determine the referral rate, factors affecting referral and outcomes across the spectrum of AKI in a population based study. METHODS We identified all patients with serum creatinine concentrations ≥150 µmol/l (male) or ≥130 µmol/l (female) over a 6-month period. AKI was defined according to the RIFLE classification (risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage renal disease [ESRD]). Clinical information and outcomes were obtained from each patient's case records. RESULTS A total of 562 patients were identified as having AKI (incidence 2147 per million population/year [pmp/y]). One hundred and sixty-four patients (29%) were referred to nephrologists-referral rate 627 pmp/y. Forty-nine percent of patients whose serum creatinine rose to >300 µmol/l were referred compared with 22% in our previous study of 1997. Forty-eight patients required renal replacement therapy-incidence 184 pmp/y in comparison to 50 pmp/y in our previous study of 1997. Patients had higher odds of referral if they were male, of younger age and were in the F category of the RIFLE classification. Patients had lower odds of referral if they had multiple co-morbid conditions or if they were managed in a hospital without a nephrology service. CONCLUSION There has been a significant rise in the referral rate of patients with AKI to nephrologists but even during our period of study only one-third of such patients were being referred. With rising incidence and increased awareness, the referral rate will certainly rise putting a significant burden on the nephrology services.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ali
- Kent Kidney Care Centre, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury CT2 9NH, UK.
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Manahilov V, Gordon G, Calvert J, Simpson W. A new subtractive normalization model for contrast processing of visual stimuli. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tighe P, Vaughan N, Duthie G, Brittenden J, Simpson W, Duthie S, Mutch W, Horgan G, Wahle K, Thies F. Abstract: P1435 EFFECT OF INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF WHOLEGRAIN FOODS ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN HEALTHY MIDDLE-AGED PEOPLE: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Aluminium intoxication in renal failure occurred over weeks or months when dialysis fluid or parenteral solutions were heavily contaminated and over many years when the main source was oral administration of aluminium-containing phosphate binders. Encephalopathy was common during subacute intoxication but in slow aluminium poisoning the main brunt was borne by the bones. However, in both tempos of intoxication several organs or systems were involved. Encephalopathy was usually accompanied by bone disease, bone disease by parathyroid suppression and both by anaemia. The heart and the lymphocytes are probably damaged by aluminium overload. Among the many questions left unanswered 15 years after the incrimination of aluminium as the cause of this multi-system illness are: (1) does low level aluminium overload in renal failure cause gradual deterioration in cerebral function? And, if so, (2) does it resemble Alzheimer's disease or a slow-onset version of dialysis encephalopathy? The evidence we review suggests that the answer to (1) is 'yes' and to (2) 'probably the latter'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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Clark LE, Prescott G, Fluck N, Simpson W, Smith WCS, Macleod AM, Ali TZ, MacLeod AM, Townend J, Smith WC, Simpson W, Khan IH, Minter J, Halliday K, Gawthorp J, Mackenzie P, Carmichael D, Houston K, Houston B, Carmichael D, Preiss D, Godber I, Lamb E, Dalton N, Gunn I, Porter LF, MacWalter RS, Quinn M, Rainey A, Cairns KJ, Marshall AH, Kee F, Savage G, Fogarty DG, Rainey A, Quinn M, Cairns KJ, Marshall AH, Kee F, Savage G, Fogarty DG, Conway B, Ramsay G, Webster A, Neary J, Whitworth C, Harty J, Saweirs WWM, Gibson PH, Giles P, Hartland A, Rylance P, Nicholas J, Ashby H, Askey A, Crothers D, Patel B, Main J, Roy D, Dasgupta I, Rayner H, Richards NT, Eames M, Lewis R, Mansell M, Townend J, Thomas S, O'Donoghue D, Harris K. Poster Abstracts. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Simpson W, Bridge L, Holt T. The mechanical properties of films. I. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of some surface coating polymers by the Williams, Landel and Ferry method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.2720150503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Christie JE, Simpson W. Influence of winter weather conditions on lesser short‐tailed bat(Mystacina tuberculata)activity inNothofagusforest, Fiordland. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2006.9518437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Simpson W, Hacking PM, Court SD, Gardner PS. The radiological findings in respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Part I. Definitions and interobserver variation in the assessment of abnormalities on the chest X-ray. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 2:97-100. [PMID: 15822330 DOI: 10.1007/bf01314938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Arterial calcification in the female breast (BAC) is a common but unreported finding on breast screening mammograms. Accumulating evidence suggests that BAC may have importance as a marker for generalised vascular disease. In this study, we have assessed the influence of HRT usage on the prevalence of BAC in 4400 women undergoing mammography for breast cancer screening. Significantly increased levels of breast arterial calcification were observed in women who had never used HRT compared with a group of women presently using HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cox
- Specialist Registrar in Clinical Radiology, Newcastle Breast Screening Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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McDowell G, Lunt LG, McLean L, Neilson F, Simpson W. The sensitivity of the assessment process in screening mammography. Breast 2002; 11:120-4. [PMID: 14965657 DOI: 10.1054/brst.2001.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2001] [Revised: 09/10/2001] [Accepted: 09/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A follow-up of 3143 women from four screening centres, who were assessed after screening mammography, showed that 371 had breast cancer diagnosed at that assessment and 62 developed a breast cancer in the following 6 years. Of these, 32 were judged to be false-negatives at assessment, with 23 of the 32 at the site originally suspected. The results show that the assessment process is not infallible and that the scale of the problem only becomes clear when an exhaustive search is made for missed cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McDowell
- Newcastle upon Tyne Breast Screening Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, NE14LP, UK
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Abstract
Microorganisms typically adapt to environmental cues by turning on and off the expression of virulence genes which, in turn, allows for optimal growth and survival within different environmental niches. This adaptation strategy includes sensing and responding to changes in nutrients, pH, temperature, oxygen tension, redox potential, microbial flora, and osmolarity. For a bacterium to adhere to, penetrate, replicate in, and colonize host cells, it is critical that virulence genes are expressed during certain periods of the infection process. Thus, throughout the different stages of an infection, different sets of virulence factors are turned on and off in response to different environmental signals, allowing the bacterium to effectively adapt to its varying niche. In this review, we focus on the regulation of virulence gene expression in two pathogens which have been implicated as major etiological agents in adult and juvenile periodontal diseases: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Understanding the mechanisms of virulence gene expression in response to the local environment of the host will provide crucial information in the development of effective treatments targeted at eradication of these periodontal disease pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Forng
- Department of Plasma Derivatives, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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Mendelson DS, Simpson W, Yeh HC. Right upper quadrant pain and fever in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Semin Liver Dis 2001; 21:293-6. [PMID: 11436579 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Mendelson
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, N.Y. 10029, USA
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Wayman J, Chakraverty S, Griffin SM, Doyle GJ, Keir MJ, Simpson W. Evaluation of local invasion by oesophageal carcinoma--a prospective study of prone computed tomography scanning. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77:181-4. [PMID: 11222826 PMCID: PMC1741949 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.77.905.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the value of prone computed tomography compared with the traditional supine position, in the assessment of invasion of adjacent mediastinal structures by oesophageal cancer. A prospective, single blind case-case comparative study of signs of local tumour invasion was conducted. Sixty nine consecutive patients undergoing computed tomography for preoperative staging of oesophageal carcinoma were studied. Computed tomography scanning of the thorax was performed in the standard supine followed by prone position; in 39 patients the computed tomography findings were correlated with the surgical findings. Four established radiological signs used to assess mediastinal invasion were scored in each case. Based on the radiological scoring system, there was a significant down staging in the probability of aortic invasion in 12 of the 69 cases (p<0.05). A similar improvement in accuracy was seen in the cases undergoing surgery; of the 38 cases who did not have aortic invasion at operation, 10 cases were scored as high for aortic invasion on the supine scans compared with only three on the prone position (p<0.05). Prone scanning was not of significant additional value in the assessment of major airway or pericardial invasion. Modification of the computed tomography protocol to include scanning in the prone position will improve the accuracy of the preoperative staging of patients with oesophageal malignancy and reduce the chance of overstaging disease. Especially in centres where endoscopic ultrasound is not available, our modification may reduce the chance of denying patients potentially curative operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wayman
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Abstract
The gram-negative pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis requires hemin for growth. Hemoglobin bound to haptoglobin and hemin complexed to hemopexin can be used as heme sources, indicating that P. gingivalis must have a means to remove the hemin from these host iron-binding proteins. However, the specific mechanisms utilized by P. gingivalis for the extraction of heme from heme-binding proteins and for iron transport are poorly understood. In this study we have determined that a newly identified TonB-dependent hemoglobin-hemin receptor (HmuR) is involved in hemoglobin binding and utilization in P. gingivalis A7436. HmuR shares amino acid homology with TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors of gram-negative bacteria involved in the acquisition of iron from hemin and hemoglobin, including HemR of Yersinia enterocolitica, ShuA of Shigella dysenteriae, HpuB of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, HmbR of N. meningitidis, HgbA of Haemophilus ducreyi, and HgpB of H. influenzae. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the hmuR gene and revealed genetic variability in the carboxy terminus of hmuR in P. gingivalis strains 33277, 381, W50, and 53977. We also identified directly upstream of the hmuR gene a gene which we designated hmuY. Upstream of the hmuY start codon, a region with homology to the Fur binding consensus sequence was identified. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that hmuR and hmuY were cotranscribed and that transcription was negatively regulated by iron. Inactivation of hmuR resulted in a decreased ability of P. gingivalis to bind hemoglobin and to grow with hemoglobin or hemin as sole iron sources. Escherichia coli cells expressing recombinant HmuR were shown to bind hemoglobin and hemin. Furthermore, purified recombinant HmuR was demonstrated to bind hemoglobin. Taken together, these results indicate that HmuR serves as the major TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor involved in the utilization of both hemin and hemoglobin in P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Simpson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Simpson W, Wang CY, Mikolajczyk-Pawlinska J, Potempa J, Travis J, Bond VC, Genco CA. Transposition of the endogenous insertion sequence element IS1126 modulates gingipain expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun 1999; 67:5012-20. [PMID: 10496872 PMCID: PMC96847 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.10.5012-5020.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported on a Tn4351-generated mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis (MSM-3) which expresses enhanced arginine-specific proteinase activity and does not utilize hemin or hemoglobin for growth (C. A. Genco et al., Infect. Immun. 63:2459-2466, 1995). In the process of characterizing the genetic lesion in P. gingivalis MSM-3, we have determined that the endogenous P. gingivalis insertion sequence element IS1126 is capable of transposition within P. gingivalis. We have also determined that IS1126 transposition modulates the transcription of the genes encoding the lysine-specific proteinase, gingipain K (kgp) and the arginine-specific proteinase, gingipain R2 (rgpB). Sequence analysis of P. gingivalis MSM-3 revealed that Tn4351 had inserted 60 bp upstream of the P. gingivalis endogenous IS element IS1126. Furthermore, P. gingivalis MSM-3 exhibited two additional copies of IS1126 compared to the parental strain A7436. Examination of the first additional IS1126 element, IS1126(1), indicated that it has inserted into the putative promoter region of the P. gingivalis kgp gene. Analysis of total RNA extracted from P. gingivalis MSM-3 demonstrated no detectable kgp transcript; likewise, P. gingivalis MSM-3 was devoid of lysine-specific proteinase activity. The increased arginine-specific proteinase activity exhibited by P. gingivalis MSM-3 was demonstrated to correlate with an increase in the rgpA and rgpB transcripts. The second additional IS1126 element, IS1126(2), was found to have inserted upstream of a newly identified gene, hmuR, which exhibits homology to a number of TonB-dependent genes involved in hemin and iron acquisition. Analysis of total RNA from P. gingivalis MSM-3 demonstrated that hmuR is transcribed, indicating that the insertion of IS1126 had not produced a polar effect on hmuR transcription. The hemin-hemoglobin defect in P. gingivalis MSM-3 is proposed to result from the inactivation of Kgp, which has recently been demonstrated to function in hemoglobin binding. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that the introduction of Tn4351 into the P. gingivalis chromosome has resulted in two previously undocumented phenomena in P. gingivalis: (i) the transposition of the endogenous insertion sequence element IS1126 and (ii) the modulation of gingipain transcription and translation as a result of IS1126 transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Kotre CJ, Robson KJ, Simpson W. Improving the visibility of radio-opaque markers in mammography. Br J Radiol 1999; 72:799-801. [PMID: 10624347 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.72.860.10624347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the high mean film optical densities used in breast screening mammography, and the very high maximum optical densities that can be obtained using modern mammographic film, it is often found that for larger exposures the nominally radio-opaque markers used to identify views, left and right etc., cannot be seen using a normal illuminator. A simple solution to this problem is to back the radio-opaque markers with a thin metal filter chosen to keep the marker information visible over a wide range of exposures. A convenient material for this is copper foil in the form of self-adhesive tape. The improvement in marker contrast produced by this modification is illustrated using point optical density measurements on marked test films produced at the extremes of the mammographic exposure range.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kotre
- Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Abstract
A model for contrast detection of spatiotemporal stimuli is proposed which consists of a spatiotemporal linear filter, an energy device and a threshold device. Assuming the existence of independent intrinsic noise, the probability of stimulus detection was approximated by a Weibull function of the response energy. With this assumption, the stimulus energy is a constant at fixed detection probability. This energy model for contrast detection satisfactorily accounted for the elliptical threshold contours of line pairs at stimulus separations within the range 2-30 min and at stimulus onset asynchronies within the range 20-140 ms. The threshold contour at a large stimulus onset asynchrony (300 ms) was in the form of a rounded square. This finding was explained by assuming that the probability of seeing the line pair was determined by the joint probability that at least one stimulus had been detected. With the energy model, the temporal and spatial autocorrelation functions of the response to a flashed line were evaluated. The autocorrelation functions thus determined were used to predict the temporal contrast sensitivity function to a flickering line stimulus and the spatial contrast sensitivity function to flashed gratings, which were in agreement with the experimental data. The data obtained were fitted adequately by an impulse response approximated by a spatiotemporal Gabor-like function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Manahilov
- Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Abstract
A retrospective study from May 1989 to June 1995 identified 4327 women with symptoms and normal mammography, from a total population of 139,852. The women with symptoms were divided into two groups: those who had been recalled for assessment, because of potentially significant symptoms, and those who had not. Out of 448 women recalled for assessment with significant symptoms, 8 malignancies were detected and 8 benign biopsies were performed. Review of the remaining 3879 women with symptoms showed that 4 had developed interval cancers in the same breast as the symptoms described at the previous screening attendance. No cancer was detected at subsequent screening examinations. This review shows that breast cancer is so uncommon in women attending for screening with symptoms that a policy of only recalling women with significant symptoms is justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Hide
- Department of Radiology, South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesborough, UK
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Roth MS, Davenport RC, Simpson W. Assessing the economic value of antihypertensive medications. Am J Manag Care 1998; 4:1267-75. [PMID: 10185977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the economic value of antihypertensive medications by comparing the likelihood of coronary heart disease and stroke events and subsequent event treatment costs. STUDY DESIGN Duration of blood pressure reduction was used to profile event risk reduction of three antihypertensive medications. METHODS We used clinical data to determine the duration of blood pressure reduction achieved with use of two angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and one angiotensin II receptor antagonist. We then used trough-to-peak ratios to calculate the reduction in risk of coronary heart disease and stroke events associated with each medication. RESULTS Across a number of different event treatment cost and population size estimates, the economic value of different medications can be assessed. CONCLUSION Our method for assessing the economic value of antihypertensive medications can be applied to other drug classes and can be further refined by integrating patient population and other risk-related data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Roth
- Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
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Simpson W, Neilson F, Kelly PJ. Descriptive terms for mammographic abnormalities: observer variation in application. The Northern Region Breast Screening Radiology Audit Group. Clin Radiol 1996; 51:709-13. [PMID: 8893641 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(96)80244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to standardize descriptive terms of mammographic appearances, observer variation was studied in an analysis of mammograms showing either opacities or microcalcification. The results are presented for 80 examples of each which were assessed by two teams of four radiologists. The observer variation was so great that the Audit Group has abandoned the attempt to classify the radiological observations by the use of these descriptive terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Simpson
- Radiology Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Jones R, McLean L, Young J, Simpson W, Neilson F. Proportion of cancers detected at the first incident screen which were false negative at the prevalent screen. Breast 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(96)90001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Benign cystic teratoma is a well recognized cause of an anterior mediastinal mass. The presence of fat, found in approximately half the cases, suggests the diagnosis. We report a new feature, which consists of components of the tumour drifting upwards (anteriorly) during the course of a computed tomography examination. The appearance is compared with a popular light fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Hession
- Department of Radiology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hendricks KM, Duggan C, Gallagher L, Carlin AC, Richardson DS, Collier SB, Simpson W, Lo C. Malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric patients. Current prevalence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:1118-22. [PMID: 7550815 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170230072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the current prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition compared with that reported from the same institution in 1976. DESIGN All inpatients of this tertiary-care facility were assessed by anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical nutrition assessment methods in a 1-day cross-sectional survey. The comparison study from 1976 was also a 1-day cross-sectional survey. SETTING A tertiary-care facility in Boston, Mass. PATIENTS The entire inpatient population was assessed on a single weekday in September 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition as judged by anthropometric and laboratory data. Data on demographics, admission classification, underlying disease, route of nutrition, and global nutritional status were also assessed. RESULTS The prevalence of acute protein-energy malnutrition (weight for height) based on the Waterlow criteria was as follows: severe, 1.3%; moderate, 5.8%; mild, 17.4%; and none, 75.5%. The prevalence of chronic protein-energy malnutrition (height for age) was as follows: severe, 5.1%; moderate, 7.7%; mild, 14.5%; and none, 72.8%. Although the prevalence of acute and chronic protein-energy malnutrition was significantly less in 1992 than in 1976 (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively), the numbers are still alarmingly high. Children younger than 2 years and older than 18 years and those with chronic medical conditions had a higher prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition. Twenty-four percent of patients had a serum albumin level less than 30 g/L, 34.8% had a total lymphocyte count less than 1.5 x 10(9)/L, and 24.9% had a hemoglobin concentration less than 105 g/L. One fourth of all patients were obese (> 120% weight for height), with the greatest prevalence in children aged 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic protein-energy malnutrition remains common in hospitalized pediatric patients in the United States. Important risk factors may be underlying chronic disease, periods of normally rapid growth, and recognized need for nutrition intervention.
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Simpson W, Neilson F, Young J. The identification of false negatives in a population of interval cancers: a method for audit of screening mammography. Breast 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-9776(95)90074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Genco CA, Simpson W, Forng RY, Egal M, Odusanya BM. Characterization of a Tn4351-generated hemin uptake mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis: evidence for the coordinate regulation of virulence factors by hemin. Infect Immun 1995; 63:2459-66. [PMID: 7790057 PMCID: PMC173328 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.7.2459-2466.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis to acquire iron in the iron-limited environment of the host is crucial to the colonization of this organism. We report here on the isolation and characterization of a transpositional insertion mutant of P. gingivalis A7436 (designated MSM-3) which is defective in the utilization and transport of hemin. P. gingivalis MSM-3 was selected on the basis of its nonpigmented phenotype on anaerobic blood agar following mutagenesis with the Bacteroides fragilis transposon Tn4351. P. gingivalis MSM-3 grew poorly when supplied with hemin as a sole source of iron; however, growth was observed with hemoglobin or inorganic iron. P. gingivalis MSM-3 grown in either hemin-replete or hemin-depleted conditions bound and transported less [14C]hemin or [59Fe]hemin than did the parent strain. At 4 h, P. gingivalis MSM-3 grown in hemin-replete conditions transported only 10,000 pmol of hemin per mg of protein, or 14% of the amount transported by P. gingivalis A7436. Unlike P. gingivalis A7436, hemin binding and transport by P. gingivalis MSM-3 were not tightly regulated by hemin or iron. Examination of P. gingivalis MSM-3 cultures by electron microscopy revealed an overproduction of membrane vesicles, and determination of the dry weight of purified vesicles indicated that P. gingivalis MSM-3 produced twice as much membrane vesicles as did strain A7436. Extracellular vesicles isolated from P. gingivalis MSM-3 also were found to express increased hemolytic and trypsin-like protease activities compared with the parent strain. When inoculated into subcutaneous chambers implanted in mice, P. gingivalis MSM-3 was highly infectious and more invasive than the parent strain, as indicated by secondary lesion formation and death. Taken together, these results indicate that the decreased transport of hemin by P. gingivalis MSM-3 results in the increased expression of several virulence factors which may be coordinately regulated by hemin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Genco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310-1495, USA
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Deehan DJ, Heys SD, Simpson W, Broom J, McMillan DN, Eremin O. Modulation of the cytokine and acute-phase response to major surgery by recombinant interleukin-2. Br J Surg 1995; 82:86-90. [PMID: 7881967 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800820130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Major surgery suppresses host immune reactivity through alterations in monocyte and T cell-derived cytokine, eicosanoid and acute-phase protein release. Recombinant interleukin (IL) 2 augments T lymphocyte and monocyte activity in vitro. Eighteen patients, with localized colorectal cancer, were randomized to receive either recombinant IL-2 or placebo for 3 days by subcutaneous injection before surgery. Serum levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, soluble IL-2 receptor, C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin were measured, and T lymphocyte surface expression of HLA-DR and CD25 and neutrophil phagocytosis were determined, before and for 21 days after surgery. Significant augmentation of IL-6, CRP and soluble IL-2 receptor production, enhanced expression of activation markers and increased neutrophil activity were found. Recombinant IL-2 may have a role in ameliorating the immunosuppression found after major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Deehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK
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Mintzer JE, Lewis L, Pennypacker L, Pitner J, Simpson W, Bachman D, Wohlreich GM, Meeks A, Hunt S, Herman K. A new approach for the management of acute psychiatric disorders in elderly demented patients. J S C Med Assoc 1994; 90:373-6. [PMID: 7934004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Mintzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-0742
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Abstract
The use of scanning in the prone position is described in the computed tomographic staging of oesophageal carcinoma. Examples are provided to illustrate how this technique may be of assistance in assessing local tumour invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Doyle
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne
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Deehan DJ, Heys SD, Simpson W, Herriot R, Broom J, Eremin O. Correlation of serum cytokine and acute phase reactant levels with alterations in weight and serum albumin in patients receiving immunotherapy with recombinant IL-2. Clin Exp Immunol 1994; 95:366-72. [PMID: 7511074 PMCID: PMC1535097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb07005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) has been used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance host defences against cancer. Prolonged administration of high doses, required for clinical efficacy, may precipitate serious dose-limiting toxicity. rIL-2-induced 'vascular leak syndrome' leads to hypotension, renal insufficiency, respiratory disturbances and other organ dysfunctions. Serial measurements of serum cytokines and the acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed on nine patients who received high-dose i.v. continuous therapy with rIL-2. The influence of these immunological parameters upon alterations in patients' weight and serum albumin, as indicators of toxicity, was assessed. All patients experienced weight increases during the cycle (3-11% of total body weight). The serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and CRP were highly predictive of alterations in patients' weight (both P < 0.001), while no correlation was found with IL-6 and weight change. Serum albumin fell linearly throughout the infusion cycle, but this showed no correlation with variations in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, or CRP. The complement components C3 and C4 were significantly reduced at the end of the infusion, suggesting a possible role for this cascade system in mediating these clinical changes. The strong association between serum TNF-alpha and weight change, not previously documented, further supports the hypothesis that TNF-alpha is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of the 'vascular leak syndrome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Deehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Aberdeen, UK
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44
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Mintzer JE, Lewis L, Pennypaker L, Simpson W, Bachman D, Wohlreich G, Meeks A, Hunt S, Sampson R. Behavioral Intensive Care Unit (BICU): a new concept in the management of acute agitated behavior in elderly demented patients. Gerontologist 1993; 33:801-6. [PMID: 8314107 DOI: 10.1093/geront/33.6.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive care units were developed in response to the perceived need for increased monitoring in critically ill medical patients. The same principle applies to elderly patients with severe agitated behaviors. These patients can be served by the Geriatric Behavioral Intensive Care Unit (BICU). The uniqueness of the program results from the application of a behavioral and environmental approach to the treatment of agitated behavior. The underlying strategy in the treatment process is to enhance the patient's ability to adapt to his or her home environment. Preliminary results have been encouraging, showing positive outcomes in diverse areas such as low level of institutional placement, patient quality of life, and caregiver symptoms of burden and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mintzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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45
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46
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Gardiner P, Ward C, Allison A, Ashcroft T, Simpson W, Walters H, Kelly C. Pleuropulmonary abnormalities in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 1993; 20:831-7. [PMID: 8336308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (1 degree SS) who complained of dyspnea were investigated with high resolution computerized tomography of the thorax, bronchoalveolar lavage, and transbronchial biopsy. Six patients had evidence of interstitial fibrosis, 5 had a peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltration and 3 had pleural thickening. We conclude that significant pulmonary disease is not uncommon in patients with 1 degree SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gardiner
- Chest Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, UK
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47
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Abstract
Lateral skull cephalograms from 50 patients who subsequently had surgical correction of their Class III malocclusion were analysed using a complete linkage cluster analysis based on skull shape. Five subgroups were identified and are described. All subjects had a degree of mandibular prognathism while only 14 per cent had maxillary retrognathism. An increased lower face height was found in 58 per cent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mackay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, West Didsbury
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48
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Vredenburgh JJ, Simpson W, Memoli VA, Ball ED. Reactivity of anti-CD15 monoclonal antibody PM-81 with breast cancer and elimination of breast cancer cells from human bone marrow by PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads. Cancer Res 1991; 51:2451-5. [PMID: 1673088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The CD15 carbohydrate antigen, lacto-N-fucopentaose III is expressed on a variety of human cancer cells including acute myeloid leukemia, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and colorectal carcinomas. We have found that cells from breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tissue are strongly CD15 positive, as seen by binding to the PM-81 monoclonal antibody. In this report we show that monoclonal antibody PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads can remove breast cancer cells from bone marrow and thus be used as "purging" agents for autologous bone marrow transplantation. PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads removed up to 3 log of SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell line cells while minimally affecting normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. This technique may be useful for purging marrow for autologous bone marrow transplantation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Vredenburgh
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03756
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sargent
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH 03756
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50
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Abstract
Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma are uncommon. The present study was undertaken to determine the value of routine computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the brain in patients with renal cell carcinoma. A review of 106 patients with renal cell carcinoma who had undergone CT scan of the brain revealed brain metastases in only 13.2 percent. Brain metastases were accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) symptoms in 78.6 percent of patients, with headaches constituting the most common presenting symptom (64.3%). Brain metastases were detected in only 3.3 percent of patients who had no CNS symptoms at the time of evaluation. It is concluded that CT scanning of the brain should be performed routinely only for those patients who report CNS symptoms at the time of evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Marshall
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington
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