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Liu Y, Kuang W, Yue B, Zhou C. Genomic Diversity and Demographic History of the Endangered Sichuan hill-partridge (Arborophila rufipectus). J Hered 2024:esae020. [PMID: 38635970 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Species conservation can be improved by knowledge of genetic diversity and demographic history. The Sichuan hill-partridge (Arborophila rufipectus, SP) is an endangered species endemic to the mountains in southwestern China. However, little is known about this species' genomic variation and demographic history. Here, we present a comprehensive whole-genome analysis of six SP individuals from the Laojunshan National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China. We observe a relatively high genetic diversity and low level of recent inbreeding in the studied SP individuals. This suggests that the current population carries genetic variability that may benefit the long-term survival of this species, and that the present population may be larger than currently recognized. Analyses of demographic history showed that fluctuations in the effective population size of SP are inconsistent with changes of the historical climate. Strikingly, evidence from demographic modeling suggests SPs population decreased dramatically 15,100 years ago after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), possibly due to refugial isolation and later human interference. These results provide the first detailed and comprehensive genomic insights into genetic diversity, genomic inbreeding levels, and demographic history of the Sichuan hill-partridge, which are crucial for the conservation and management of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Weimin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming650000, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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2
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Kuang W, Zinner D, Li Y, Yao X, Roos C, Yu L. Recent Advances in Genetics and Genomics of Snub-Nosed Monkeys ( Rhinopithecus) and Their Implications for Phylogeny, Conservation, and Adaptation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050985. [PMID: 37239345 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The snub-nosed monkey genus Rhinopithecus (Colobinae) comprises five species (Rhinopithecus roxellana, Rhinopithecus brelichi, Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus strykeri, and Rhinopithecus avunculus). They are range-restricted species occurring only in small areas in China, Vietnam, and Myanmar. All extant species are listed as endangered or critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, all with decreasing populations. With the development of molecular genetics and the improvement and cost reduction in whole-genome sequencing, knowledge about evolutionary processes has improved largely in recent years. Here, we review recent major advances in snub-nosed monkey genetics and genomics and their impact on our understanding of the phylogeny, phylogeography, population genetic structure, landscape genetics, demographic history, and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to folivory and high altitudes in this primate genus. We further discuss future directions in this research field, in particular how genomic information can contribute to the conservation of snub-nosed monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Primate Cognition, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Yan W, Feng Y, Lei Z, Kuang W, Long C. MicroRNA-214-3p Ameliorates LPS-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Inhibiting Cathepsin B. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022; 68:78-85. [PMID: 36384265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a common complication of sepsis. MicroRNA (miRNA) miR-214-3p is protective against myocardial injury caused by sepsis, but its mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced cardiomyocyte injury is still unclear. An AC16 cell injury model was induced by LPS treatment. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assay showed decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in LPS-treated AC16 cells. The levels of caspase- 3, Bax, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), myosin 6 (Myh6), myosin 7 (Myh7), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in LPS-treated AC16 cells, but the levels of Bcl-2 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. MiR-214-3p was down-regulated and cathepsin B (CTSB) was upregulated in LPS-treated AC16 cells. At the same time, miR-214-3p could target CTSB and reduce its expression. We also found that a miR-214-3p mimic or CTSB silencing could significantly reduce LPSinduced apoptosis, decrease ROS, MDA, caspase-3, and Bax and increase SOD and Bcl-2. CTSB silencing could significantly reduce ANP, BNP, Myh6, and Myh7 in LPS-treated AC16 cells. The effects of CTSB silencing were reversed by a miR-214-3p inhibitor. In summary, miR-214-3p could inhibit LPSinduced myocardial injury by targeting CTSB, which provides a new idea for myocardial damage caused by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Y Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Z Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - W Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - C Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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4
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Hu J, Roos C, Lv X, Kuang W, Yu L. Molecular Genetics Supports a Potential Fifth Asian Pangolin Species (Mammalia, Pholidota, Manis). Zoolog Sci 2021; 37:538-543. [PMID: 33269869 DOI: 10.2108/zs200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two mitochondrial haplotypes, H4 and H8, of Manis sp. were found in two seizures in Hong Kong that do not correspond to Manis javanica, Manis pentadactyla or Manis crassicaudata of Asian pangolin species or any African pangolin species. It was proposed that both haplotypes derived from Manis culionensis, an unknown lineage of M. javanica, or a thus far unidentified Asian pangolin species (Manis sp.). To further investigate these three hypotheses, we used two mitochondrial genes of all eight known extant pangolin species and conducted phylogenetic tree reconstructions, divergence time estimation, and species delimitation analyses. All analyses consistently confirmed that these two haplotypes of Manis sp. constitute a distinct lineage, potentially representing a fifth Asian pangolin species, which originated around the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (6.95 [4.64-9.85] million years ago). Our study provides genetic support for a potential fifth Asian pangolin species and helps to better understand species diversity of Asian pangolins, which is urgently needed for effective conservation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Weimin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China,
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5
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Kuang W, Hu J, Wu H, Fen X, Dai Q, Fu Q, Xiao W, Frantz L, Roos C, Nadler T, Irwin DM, Zhou L, Yang X, Yu L. Genetic Diversity, Inbreeding Level, and Genetic Load in Endangered Snub-Nosed Monkeys ( Rhinopithecus). Front Genet 2020; 11:615926. [PMID: 33384722 PMCID: PMC7770136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The snub-nosed monkey genus (Rhinopithecus) comprises five closely related species (R. avunculus, R. bieti, R. brelichi, R. roxellana, and R. strykeri). All are among the world's rarest and most endangered primates. However, the genomic impact associated with their population decline remains unknown. We analyzed population genomic data of all five snub-nosed monkey species to assess their genetic diversity, inbreeding level, and genetic load. For R. roxellana, R. bieti, and R. strykeri, population size is positively correlated with genetic diversity and negatively correlated with levels of inbreeding. Other species, however, which possess small population sizes, such as R. brelichi and R. avunculus, show high levels of genetic diversity and low levels of genomic inbreeding. Similarly, in the three populations of R. roxellana, the Shennongjia population, which possesses the lowest population size, displays a higher level of genetic diversity and lower level of genomic inbreeding. These findings suggest that although R. brelichi and R. avunculus and the Shennongjia population might be at risk, it possess significant genetic diversity and could thus help strengthen their long-term survival potential. Intriguingly, R. roxellana with large population size possess high genetic diversity and low level of genetic load, but they show the highest recent inbreeding level compared with the other snub-nosed monkeys. This suggests that, despite its large population size, R. roxellana has likely been experiencing recent inbreeding, which has not yet affected its mutational load and fitness. Analyses of homozygous-derived deleterious mutations identified in all snub-nosed monkey species indicate that these mutations are affecting immune, especially in smaller population sizes, indicating that the long-term consequences of inbreeding may be resulting in an overall reduction of immune capability in the snub-nosed monkeys, which could provide a dramatic effect on their long-term survival prospects. Altogether, our study provides valuable information concerning the genomic impact of population decline of the snub-nosed monkeys. We revealed multiple counterintuitive and unexpected patterns of genetic diversity in small and large population, which will be essential for conservation management of these endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaotian Fen
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Laurent Frantz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- The Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Department of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linchun Zhou
- Lushui Management and Conservation Branch of Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nujiang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Lushui Forestry and Grassland Council, Nujiang, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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6
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Kim M, Xu SG, Berdyugin AI, Principi A, Slizovskiy S, Xin N, Kumaravadivel P, Kuang W, Hamer M, Kumar RK, Gorbachev RV, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Grigorieva IV, Fal'ko VI, Polini M, Geim AK. Publisher Correction: Control of electron-electron interaction in graphene by proximity screening. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3054. [PMID: 32528007 PMCID: PMC7289850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S G Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A I Berdyugin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A Principi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Slizovskiy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Saint-Petersburg INP, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
| | - N Xin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Kumaravadivel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - W Kuang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Hamer
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - R Krishna Kumar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - R V Gorbachev
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - I V Grigorieva
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - V I Fal'ko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Polini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - A K Geim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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7
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Xu SG, Berdyugin AI, Kumaravadivel P, Guinea F, Krishna Kumar R, Bandurin DA, Morozov SV, Kuang W, Tsim B, Liu S, Edgar JH, Grigorieva IV, Fal'ko VI, Kim M, Geim AK. Giant oscillations in a triangular network of one-dimensional states in marginally twisted graphene. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4008. [PMID: 31488842 PMCID: PMC6728432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At very small twist angles of ∼0.1°, bilayer graphene exhibits a strain-accompanied lattice reconstruction that results in submicron-size triangular domains with the standard, Bernal stacking. If the interlayer bias is applied to open an energy gap inside the domain regions making them insulating, such marginally twisted bilayer graphene is expected to remain conductive due to a triangular network of chiral one-dimensional states hosted by domain boundaries. Here we study electron transport through this helical network and report giant Aharonov-Bohm oscillations that reach in amplitude up to 50% of resistivity and persist to temperatures above 100 K. At liquid helium temperatures, the network exhibits another kind of oscillations that appear as a function of carrier density and are accompanied by a sign-changing Hall effect. The latter are attributed to consecutive population of the narrow minibands formed by the network of one-dimensional states inside the gap. The conductivity of marginally-twisted bilayer graphene is predicted to persist in presence of a bandgap-opening interlayer bias, owing to a network of 1D conductive states at domain boundaries. Here, the authors report Aharonov–Bohm oscillations up to 100 K, whereas at liquid helium temperatures another kind of oscillation appears, due to progressive population of the narrow minibands formed by the 2D network of 1D states inside the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A I Berdyugin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Kumaravadivel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - F Guinea
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - R Krishna Kumar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - D A Bandurin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S V Morozov
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - W Kuang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - B Tsim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - J H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - I V Grigorieva
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - V I Fal'ko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - A K Geim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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8
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Zou C, Du Y, Rashid A, Ram H, Savasli E, Pieterse PJ, Ortiz-Monasterio I, Yazici A, Kaur C, Mahmood K, Singh S, Le Roux MR, Kuang W, Onder O, Kalayci M, Cakmak I. Simultaneous Biofortification of Wheat with Zinc, Iodine, Selenium, and Iron through Foliar Treatment of a Micronutrient Cocktail in Six Countries. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:8096-8106. [PMID: 31260296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted on wheat to study the effects of foliar-applied iodine(I) alone, Zn (zinc) alone, and a micronutrient cocktail solution containing I, Zn, Se (selenium), and Fe (iron) on grain yield and grain concentrations of micronutrients. Plants were grown over 2 years in China, India, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, and Turkey. Grain-Zn was increased from 28.6 mg kg-1 to 46.0 mg-1 kg with Zn-spray and 47.1 mg-1 kg with micronutrient cocktail spray. Foliar-applied I and micronutrient cocktail increased grain I from 24 μg kg-1 to 361 μg kg-1 and 249 μg kg-1, respectively. Micronutrient cocktail also increased grain-Se from 90 μg kg-1 to 338 μg kg-1 in all countries. Average increase in grain-Fe by micronutrient cocktail solution was about 12%. The results obtained demonstrated that foliar application of a cocktail micronutrient solution represents an effective strategy to biofortify wheat simultaneously with Zn, I, Se and partly with Fe without yield trade-off in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , PR China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , PR China
| | - A Rashid
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences , 44000 Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - H Ram
- Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , 141004 Punjab , India
| | - E Savasli
- Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute , 26002 Eskisehir , Turkey
| | - P J Pieterse
- Department of Agronomy , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600 , South Africa
| | - I Ortiz-Monasterio
- CIMMYT International , AP370, P.O. Box 60326, Houston , Texas 77205 , United States
| | - A Yazici
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Sabanci University , 34956 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - C Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station , Gurdaspur , 143521 Punjab , India
| | - K Mahmood
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division , Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology , 38000 Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - S Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station , Bathinda , 151001 Punjab , India
| | - M R Le Roux
- Department of Agronomy , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600 , South Africa
| | - W Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - O Onder
- Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute , 26002 Eskisehir , Turkey
| | - M Kalayci
- Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute , 26002 Eskisehir , Turkey
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Sabanci University , 34956 Istanbul , Turkey
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9
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Kuang W, Hu R, Fan ZQ, Zhang ZH. Strain-induced rich magnetic phase transitions and enhancement of magnetic stability for O-terminated h-BN nanoribbons. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:145301. [PMID: 30645986 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafec5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mono-layered h-BN and its derivatives are very important low-dimensional materials, which have been widely investigated so far. Here, we theoretically study the structural stability and magneto-electronic properties of oxygen (O) terminated zigzag-edged h-BN nanoribbons, especially focusing on strain tuning effects. The O dimerization at the B edge of the ribbon enhances the system stability greatly. A Poisson ratio of 0.2 and bearing a strain more than 20% can be reached. In the absence of strain, the O-terminated ribbon is a magnetic metal. However, the rich magnetic phase transitions among the non-magnetic metal, a spin gapless semiconductor, and a wide-gap half-metal can be realized continuously by applying strain in the ferromagnetic state. Thus, based on such a material feature, we can design a magnetic switch device which can work between the magnetic and non-magnetic states by strain modification. Also shown is that the magnetism stability can be enhanced to the level at room temperature upon strain, and the massless Dirac-fermion behavior for the β-spin state can be clearly detected in the spin gapless semiconductor phase under appropriate strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kuang W, Hu R, Fan ZQ, Zhang ZH. Spin-dependent carrier mobility and its gate-voltage modifying effects for functionalized single walled black phosphorus tubes. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:145201. [PMID: 30593010 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafb29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene and its derivatives so far have attracted substantial research interest due to its promising properties for developing nanoscale electronic devices. Here, we present a theoretical investigation on the functionalized features, such as the improved electronic structure and carrier mobility, for armchair-edged single walled black phosphorus nanotubes (PNTs) with the substitutional doping of low-concentration transition-metal atoms (Ti, Mn, Fe, and Ni). They are predicted to be exceptional magnetic semiconductors (MSCs), such as half-semiconductor or bipolar MSC. Their spin-resolved carrier mobility at room temperature holds doping element- dependence as well as carrier and spin polarity. Particularly, the difference by two orders of magnitude for carrier mobility emerges due to different TM doping. More interestingly, the carrier mobility in armchair PNTs serving as the channel material of a spin field effect transistor is predicted to be modified strongly by a gate voltage. The enhanced carrier mobility and its gate voltage direction-dependent behavior, as well as the more obvious carrier and spin polarity of mobility, can be observed clearly under gate voltage, which further facilitates the separation of different carriers and spin states and also suggests that realistic carrier mobility is gate voltage-dependent in a field effect transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Peng W, Sun H, Kuang W, Li W, Jia Z, Gong Q. High-field magnetic resonance imaging of structural alterations in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e942. [PMID: 27824357 PMCID: PMC5314121 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous structural imaging studies have found evidence of brain morphometric changes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but these studies rarely excluded compounding effects of certain important factors, such as medications and long duration of illnesses. Furthermore, the neurobiological mechanism of the macroscopic findings of structural alterations in MDD patients remains unclear. In this study, we utilized magnetization transfer imaging, a quantitative measure of the macromolecular structural integrity of brain tissue, to identify biophysical alterations, which are represented by a magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), in MDD patients. To ascertain whether MTR changes occur independent of volume loss, we also conduct voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. The participants included 27 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 28 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Whole-brain voxel-based analysis was used to compare MTR and gray matter volume across groups and to analyse correlations between MTR and age, symptom severity, and illness duration. The patients exhibited significantly lower MTR in the left superior parietal lobule and left middle occipital gyrus compared with healthy controls, which may be related to the attentional and cognitive dysfunction in MDD patients. The VBM analysis revealed significantly increased gray matter volume in right postcentral gyrus in MDD patients. These findings in first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients may reflect microstructural gray matter changes in the parietal and occipital cortices close to illness onset that existed before volume loss, and thus potentially provide important new insight into the early neurobiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Peng
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Sun
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Jia
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of nuclear medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. E-mail:
| | - Q Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. E-mail:
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Kuang W, Jiang W, Roberts J, Frey HV. Could giant basin-forming impacts have killed Martian dynamo? Geophys Res Lett 2014; 41:8006-8012. [PMID: 26074641 PMCID: PMC4459199 DOI: 10.1002/2014gl061818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The observed strong remanent crustal magnetization at the surface of Mars suggests an active dynamo in the past and ceased to exist around early to middle Noachian era, estimated by examining remagnetization strengths in extant and buried impact basins. We investigate whether the Martian dynamo could have been killed by these large basin-forming impacts, via numerical simulation of subcritical dynamos with impact-induced thermal heterogeneity across the core-mantle boundary. We find that subcritical dynamos are prone to the impacts centered on locations within 30° of the equator but can easily survive those at higher latitudes. Our results further suggest that magnetic timing places a strong constraint on postimpact polar reorientation, e.g., a minimum 16° polar reorientation is needed if Utopia is the dynamo killer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - W Jiang
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.Lanham, Maryland, USA
| | - J Roberts
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurel, Maryland, USA
| | - H V Frey
- Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Kuang W, Li R, Zhang J, Wu B, Tan Y. Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2014.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Yao XL, Li L, He XL, Cui L, Kuang W, Tang M. Activation of β-catenin stimulated by mechanical strain and estrogen requires estrogen receptor in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:3149-3155. [PMID: 25487922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mechanical stimulation and hormones act via interconnected signaling pathways to influence the function of bone cells. Estrogen receptor (ER) and β-catenin play important role in bone formation and have implicated in mechanotransduction in bone cells. To investigate the interaction between mechanotransduction and estrogenic signaling in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), this study examined the effect of mechanical strain and estrogen on activation of β-catenin in MSCs, and the role of ER in response to mechanical strain and estrogen in MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs were exposed to mechanical strain (2%, 1 Hz) and estrogen (100 nM). The ER inhibitor, ICI182,780 was used to assess the role of ER in activation of β-catenin stimulated by mechanical strain and estrogen. Changes of activated β-catenin in the nuclei were determined by immunoflourescent test. The expression of β-catenin was detected by western blotting. RESULTS Mechanical strain and estrogen augment, respectively, activation of β-catenin and accumulation of activated β-catenin in the nuclei of MSCs. Combined treatment with estrogen and mechanical strain had higher levels of activated β-catenin than the cells exposed to mechanical strain or estrogen. After MSCs were pre-treated by ICI182,780, the level of activated β-catenin expression induced by mechanical strain or estrogen was depressed. Meanwhile, ICI182,780 blocked effect of combined stimulation on activation of β-catenin in MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that mechanical strain and estrogen both promote the levels of activated β-catenin in MSCs. Estrogen receptor implicates in activation of β-catenin stimulation by mechanical strain and estrogen in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Li L, Yao XL, He XL, Liu XJ, Wu WC, Kuang W, Tang M. Role of mechanical strain and estrogen in modulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from normal and ovariectomized rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2013; Suppl 59:OL1889-OL1893. [PMID: 24209734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone's adaptability to loading depends upon the process of bone remodeling. This adaptive mechanism is restricted in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is crucial to bone remodeling and regeneration. It is well accepted that mechanical loading influences the fate of MSC differentiation. The aim of this study was to explore the possible restricted mechanism in osteoporotic condition, through investigating response of MSCs from both sham-operated and ovariectomized rats. MSCs were exposed to estrogen and mechanical strain (2%, 1Hz, 6h/day) for 3 days. Osteogenic differentiation and β-catenin protein in MSCs were examined. Exposure to estrogen and mechanical strain alone enhanced expression of Runx2 (Cbfα1), type I collagen (ColI) and activated β-catenin protein in MSCs from both sham-operated and OVX rats. MSCs from both sham-operated and OVX rats stimulated with both mechanical strain and estrogen had higher expression of osteogenic genes and activated β-catenin protein than these cells exposed to estrogen and mechanical strain alone. Osteoporotic MSCs had lower expression of osteogenic genes and protein in the absence and presence of stimulation than did MSCs from sham-operated rats. Cumulatively, our results indicate that mechanical strain and estrogen in vitro enhance osteogenic potential and activation of β-catenin in MSCs from both sham-operated and OVX rats. Estrogen augments strain-induced osteogenic potential and activity of β-catenin in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center Chengdu China lilianghx@163.com
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Fitz LJ, DeClercq C, Brooks J, Kuang W, Bates B, Demers D, Winkler A, Nocka K, Jiao A, Greco RM, Mason LE, Fleming M, Quazi A, Wright J, Goldman S, Hubeau C, Williams CM. Acidic mammalian chitinase is not a critical target for allergic airway disease in mice. J Inflamm (Lond) 2013. [PMCID: PMC3750992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-s1-p5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Samuleev PV, Andrews WS, Creber KAM, Azmi P, Velicogna D, Kuang W, Volchek K. Decontamination of radionuclides on construction materials. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kong H, Kuang W, Li S, Xu M. Activation of dopamine D3 receptors inhibits reward-related learning induced by cocaine. Neuroscience 2010; 176:152-61. [PMID: 21168475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Memories of learned associations between the rewarding properties of drugs and environmental cues contribute to craving and relapse in humans. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system is involved in reward-related learning induced by drugs of abuse. DA D3 receptors are preferentially expressed in mesocorticolimbic DA projection areas. Genetic and pharmacological studies have shown that DA D3 receptors suppress locomotor-stimulant effects of cocaine and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviors. Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by acute cocaine administration is also inhibited by D3 receptors. How D3 receptors modulate cocaine-induced reward-related learning and associated changes in cell signaling in reward circuits in the brain, however, have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we show that D3 receptor mutant mice exhibit potentiated acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) at low doses of cocaine compared to wild-type mice. Activation of ERK and CaMKIIα, but not the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38, in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and prefrontal cortex is also potentiated in D3 receptor mutant mice compared to that in wild-type mice following CPP expression. These results support a model in which D3 receptors modulate reward-related learning induced by low doses of cocaine by inhibiting activation of ERK and CaMKIIα in reward circuits in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Li C, He X, Zhang J, Han T, Kuang W. Clinical phenotype and CARD15 gene mutation with Blau Syndrome in Chinese children and their parents. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2008. [PMCID: PMC3334015 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-6-s1-p210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Li C, He X, Kuang W, Han T, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Tan X. Macrophage activation sydrome with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA) in Chinese childern. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2008. [PMCID: PMC3334092 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-6-s1-p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hou Z, Liu J, Kuang W, Liu Y, Wu S. Sonic crystal with open resonant cavities. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 75:026608. [PMID: 17358437 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.026608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An improved scattering matrix method is developed to study a two-dimensional air-rigid sonic crystal with open resonant cavity, and the band structure and transmission properties are investigated. Numerical results show that both the band structure and the transmission coefficient are sensitive to the shape of the resonant cavity. The relationship between the resonant band gap and the shape of the resonant cavity is given. The high effective refractive index and the transmission ratio in the long wave range make such a system a good material for a sound lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Hou
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Hubaut R, Ouled Ben Tayeb B, Kuang W, Rives A, Fournier M. Mechanical mixtures of Me (Ni, Pd) Ce oxides and silica-supported heteropolyacids: Role and optimal concentration of each active species in n-hexane isomerization. Kinet Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158406010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kuang W, Thomas A. Etoposide Model to Study Apoptosis in Normal Ejaculated Sperm. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Parekattil S, Kuang W, Kolettis P, Pasqualotto F, Nangia A, Niederberger C. Multi-institution testing of vasectomy reversal predictor. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Milbank A, Kuang W, Thomas A. Patency and pregnancy outcomes for vasectomy reversal performed after obstructive intervals exceeding 14 years. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guo LT, Zhang XU, Kuang W, Xu H, Liu LA, Vilquin JT, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S, Ruegg MA, Wewer UM, Engvall E. Laminin alpha2 deficiency and muscular dystrophy; genotype-phenotype correlation in mutant mice. Neuromuscul Disord 2003; 13:207-15. [PMID: 12609502 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(02)00266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of laminin alpha2 is the cause of one of the most severe muscular dystrophies in humans and other species. It is not yet clear how particular mutations in the laminin alpha2 chain gene affect protein expression, and how abnormal levels or structure of the protein affect disease. Animal models may be valuable for such genotype-phenotype analysis and for determining mechanism of disease as well as function of laminin. Here, we have analyzed protein expression in three lines of mice with mutations in the laminin alpha2 chain gene and in two lines of transgenic mice overexpressing the human laminin alpha2 chain gene in skeletal muscle. The dy(3K)/dy(3K) experimental mutant mice are completely deficient in laminin alpha2; the dy/dy spontaneous mutant mice have small amounts of apparently normal laminin; and the dy(W)/dy(W) mice express even smaller amounts of a truncated laminin alpha2, lacking domain VI. Interestingly, all mutants lack laminin alpha2 in peripheral nerve. We have demonstrated previously, that overexpression of the human laminin alpha2 in skeletal muscle in dy(2J)/dy(2J) and dy(W)/dy(W) mice under the control of a striated muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter substantially prevented the muscular dystrophy in these mice. However, dy(W)/dy(W) mice, expressing the human laminin alpha2 under the control of the striated muscle-specific portion of the desmin promoter, still developed muscular dystrophy. This failure to rescue is apparently because of insufficient production of laminin alpha2. This study provides additional evidence that the amount of laminin alpha2 is most critical for the prevention of muscular dystrophy. These data may thus be of significance for attempts to treat congenital muscular dystrophy in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Guo
- The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Hoyle CE, Zhao J, Orler B, Kuang W, McDonald CL. PHOTODEGRADATION OF St-MMA COPOLYMERS: CORRELATION OF DEGRADATION, STYRENE CONTENT, AND PHOTOPHYSICS. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-100103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sallinen R, Kuang W, Engvall E, Palotie A, Wessman M, Horelli-Kuitunen N. Assignment of laminin alpha 2-chain gene (Lama2) to mouse chromosome 10A4-B1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 87:195-6. [PMID: 10702665 DOI: 10.1159/000015464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Sallinen
- The Laboratory Department of Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kuang W, Xu H, Vilquin JT, Engvall E. Activation of the lama2 gene in muscle regeneration: abortive regeneration in laminin alpha2-deficiency. J Transl Med 1999; 79:1601-13. [PMID: 10616210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in laminin alpha2, a subunit of the basement membrane protein laminin-2/merosin, cause merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of disease, we generated and used a mutant mouse, dyW, in which the lacZ gene was inserted into the lama2 gene so that beta-galactosidase would be expressed in place of laminin alpha2. Heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice are normal at birth, but homozygous mice develop muscular dystrophy at 2 to 3 weeks of age. The lama2/lacZ gene was highly expressed in muscle in the early stages of embryonic myogenesis, but was down-regulated at later stages in both heterozygous and homozygous mice. No beta-galactosidase activity was detected in skeletal muscle after birth in adult heterozygous mice. In contrast, high beta-galactosidase activity was detected in postnatal homozygous mice. Induction of injury in heterozygous mice resulted in intense reexpression of beta-galactosidase in the injured muscle early in regeneration, with a decline in enzyme activity as repair of the tissue progressed. Although the initial response to injury was similar in heterozygous and homozygous mice with abundant beta-galactosidase-positive, mononucleated cells in the injured area, repair was rarely completed in the homozygous mice, evidently caused by excessive death of cells associated with immature myofibers. The defect in muscle repair was very efficiently corrected in homozygous dyW mice expressing a human LAMA2 transgene in skeletal muscle. The data show the importance of laminin alpha2 in muscle regeneration and suggest that a major contributor to disease in muscular dystrophy is abortive regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- The Burnham Institute, La Jolla Cancer Research Center, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
Ultrafine mixed Fe-Mo oxide particles are prepared by the sol-gel technique using citric acid as a complex agent. The formation process of the ultrafine oxides is studied by using XRD, DTA-TG, FT-IR, TEM, and BET surface area measurement. It is found that the morphology and structure of the oxide particles are significantly dependent on the process parameters such as thermal treatment temperature (T), pH of the starting solution, and the molar ratio of citric acid to metallic ions (L/M). The formation temperature of crystalline Fe(2)(MoO(4))(3) by the sol-gel process is much lower than that by the coprecipitation method. The catalytic properties of ultrafine Fe-Mo oxide particles are tested and compared with those of large oxide particles having the same composition. It is shown that for selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde the ultrafine Fe-Mo oxide particles exhibit higher benzaldehyde selectivity and toluene conversion than the large oxide particles. The unique catalytic properties of ultrafine Fe-Mo oxide particles may be correlated to the higher mobility of lattice oxygen species in the ultrafine oxide particles and their higher BET surface area. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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Kuang W, Xu H, Vachon PH, Liu L, Loechel F, Wewer UM, Engvall E. Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Partial genetic correction in two mouse models. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:844-52. [PMID: 9710454 PMCID: PMC508948 DOI: 10.1172/jci3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and mice with deficiency of the alpha2 subunit of the basement membrane protein laminin-2/merosin suffer from merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MCMD). We have expressed a human laminin alpha2 chain transgene under the regulation of a muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter in mice with complete or partial deficiency of merosin. The transgene restores the synthesis and localization of merosin in skeletal muscle, and greatly improves muscle morphology and integrity and the health and longevity of the mice. However, the transgenic mice share with the nontransgenic dystrophic mice a progressive lameness of hind legs, suggestive of a nerve defect. These results indicate that the absence of merosin in tissues other than the muscle, such as nervous tissue, is a critical component of MCMD. Future gene therapies of human MCMD, and perhaps of other forms of muscular dystrophy, may require restoration of the defective gene product in multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- The Burnham Institute, La Jolla Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Wewer UM, Iba K, Durkin ME, Nielsen FC, Loechel F, Gilpin BJ, Kuang W, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R. Tetranectin is a novel marker for myogenesis during embryonic development, muscle regeneration, and muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dev Biol 1998; 200:247-59. [PMID: 9705231 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.8962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin, a plasminogen-binding protein with a C-type lectin domain, is found in both serum and the extracellular matrix. In the present study we report that tetranectin is closely associated with myogenesis during embryonic development, skeletal muscle regeneration, and muscle cell differentiation in vitro. We find that tetranectin expression coincides with muscle differentiation and maturation in the second half of gestation and further that tetranectin is enriched at the myotendinous and myofascial junctions. The tetranectin immunostaining declines after birth and no immunostaining is observed in normal adult muscle. However, during skeletal muscle regeneration induced by the intramuscular injection of the myotoxic anesthetic Marcaine, myoblasts, myotubes, and the stumps of damaged myofibers exhibit intense tetranectin immunostaining. Tetranectin is also present in regenerating muscle cells in dystrophic mdx mice. Murine C2C12 myogenic cells and pluripotent embryonic stem cells can undergo muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Tetranectin is not expressed in the undifferentiated myogenic cells, but during the progression of muscle differentiation, tetranectin mRNA is induced, and both cytoplasmic and cell surface tetranectin immunostaining become apparent. Finally, we demonstrate that while tetranectin mRNA is translated to a similar degree in developing limbs and lung, the protein does not seem to be tissue associated in the lung as it is in the limbs. This indicates that in some tissues, such as the limbs, tetranectin may function locally, whereas in other tissues, such as the lung, tetranectin production may be destined for body fluids. In summary, these results suggest that tetranectin is a matricellular protein and plays a role in myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Wewer
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kuang W, Xu H, Vachon PH, Engvall E. Disruption of the lama2 gene in embryonic stem cells: laminin alpha 2 is necessary for sustenance of mature muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 1998; 241:117-25. [PMID: 9633519 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene coding for the alpha 2 chain of laminin-2 and -4 (merosin) cause a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. To establish a defined model for in vitro and in vivo studies of the role of laminin alpha 2/merosin in development and cell and tissue function, we generated several lines of mutant embryonic stem (ES) cell with disruption of the laminin alpha 2 chain gene. We find that homozygous mutant ES cells differentiate normally in vitro, giving rise to cardiomyocytes, myotubes, and smooth muscle cells in addition to many other cell types. However, the myotubes that are formed are unstable. They detach, collapse, and degenerate, a process which is initiated at the appearance of the mature, contractile phenotype of the cells. We propose that the detachment and death of contracting myotubes in vitro has its counterpart in vivo and that contraction-induced myofiber damage, along with the lack of survival cues provided by laminin alpha 2/merosin, is a significant contribution to muscle degeneration in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Death/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Targeting
- Genes/genetics
- Laminin/genetics
- Laminin/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Development
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/growth & development
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscles/cytology
- Muscles/physiology
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed/genetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Myocardium/cytology
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Abstract
Low-frequency dielectric behavior of membrane/electrolyte systems was studied with artificial membranes made from thin plastic films and NaCl electrolyte of various concentrations. A low-frequency dielectric dispersion or relaxation, which is associated with membrane pores and membrane permeability, was observed and investigated. A qualitative explanation is proposed. Membrane structure characteristics, such as thickness, pore size, and number, were found to affect significantly the low-frequency dielectric dispersion, which indicates some potential applications for low-frequency dielectric measurements in membrane- or tissue-related areas. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuang
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, 30604
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Liu L, Vachon PH, Kuang W, Xu H, Wewer UM, Kylsten P, Engvall E. Mouse adhalin: primary structure and expression during late stages of muscle differentiation in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 235:227-35. [PMID: 9196068 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adhalin, or alpha-sarcoglycan, is a 50-kDa glycoprotein that was originally characterized as a muscle membrane protein. The importance of adhalin is suggested by the diseases associated with its absence, notably the limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. However, the function of adhalin is unknown. To analyze the biological roles of adhalin, we cloned the mouse adhalin cDNA, raised peptide-specific antibodies to its cytoplasmic domain, and examined its expression and localization in vivo and in vitro. The mouse adhalin sequence was 80% identical to that of human, rabbit, and hamster. Adhalin was specifically expressed in striated muscle cells and their immediate precursors, and absent in many other cell types. Adhalin expression in embryonic mouse muscle was coincident with primary myogenesis. Its expression was found to be up-regulated at mRNA and protein levels during myogenic differentiation in vitro. The proper localization of adhalin to the muscle cell membrane was observed only in late stages of myotube maturation, coincident with the re-distribution of caveolin-3 and dystrophin. These data suggest that adhalin is highly specific for striated muscle and that it is linked with the formation of a fully functional muscle fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
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