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Smith BD, Vogeti S, Caldwell TM, Telikepalli H, Ahn YM, Al-Ani G, Bulfer SL, Greenwood A, Heiniger CL, Large JW, Leary CB, Lu WP, Luther K, Patt WC, Petty MD, Romero YK, Stanley FA, Stoltz KL, Tanner DC, Yang S, Zhan Y, Bourdonnec BL, Flynn DL. Abstract 4033: Pan-exon mutant KIT inhibitor DCC-3009 demonstrates tumor regressions in preclinical gastrointestinal stromal tumor models. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are typically driven by primary mutations in KIT exons 9 or 11. Heterogeneous drug-resistant secondary mutations arise in patients treated with FDA approved KIT inhibitors, including imatinib and sunitinib. Drug resistant secondary mutations are found at multiple regions in the ATP pocket (encoded by exons 13 and 14) or activation switch (encoded by exons 17 and 18) of KIT kinase. In addition, multiple drug-resistant clones can arise within a tumor or in metastatic tumor sites. An inhibitor that can broadly and potently inhibit the spectrum of KIT mutations is highly sought. Ripretinib has been FDA approved as a 4th line treatment for GIST and has broad activity against KIT mutations, including clinical potency in patients with mutations in KIT exons 11, 17, or 18. DCC-3009 was designed as a next generation KIT inhibitor that broadly and potently inhibits primary KIT mutations in exons 9 and 11 and secondary drug-resistant mutations across exons 13, 14, 17, and 18. DCC-3009 is a potent and selective inhibitor in enzyme and cell-based assays, and has demonstrated efficacy in xenograft models driven by drug resistant KIT mutations.
Methods: DCC-3009 was tested for inhibition of KIT mutants using standard enzyme and cell-based assays. Levels of phosphorylated KIT were determined by Western blot or ELISA. Proliferation was measured using the fluorescent dye resazurin. KIT mutant xenograft or patient-derived xenograft models were performed at Crown Biosciences or Labcorp, AAALAC accredited facilities, with the approval of Animal Care and Use Committees.
Results: In BaF3 cells transfected with KIT mutants, DCC-3009 was shown to potently inhibit the spectrum of known primary and secondary drug-resistant mutations in GIST. The pan-mutant KIT profile of DCC-3009 was shown in vitro to be superior to 2nd and 3rd line standard of care therapies sunitinib and regorafenib. DCC-3009 was selective for KIT when screened against a large panel of kinases. DCC-3009 has optimized pharmaceutical properties for oral administration. In pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies DCC-3009 achieved sufficient free drug levels to significantly inhibit drug-resistant KIT mutants for 12 hr post dose. In xenograft studies, treatment with DCC-3009 twice daily led to tumor regression in drug-resistant models with KIT exon 9/13, 11/13 or 11/17 mutations.
Conclusions: DCC-3009 is a pan-exon mutant KIT inhibitor exhibiting high potency in KIT mutants in pre-clinical models spanning exons 9, 11, 13, 14, 17 and 18. In vivo, DCC-3009 exhibited efficacy in drug-resistant models with KIT exon 9/13, 11/13 or 11/17 mutations. Based on this profile, DCC-3009 has entered formal preclinical development.
Citation Format: Bryan D. Smith, Subha Vogeti, Timothy M. Caldwell, Hanumaiah Telikepalli, Yu Mi Ahn, Gada Al-Ani, Stacie L. Bulfer, Andrew Greenwood, Cale L. Heiniger, Joshua W. Large, Cynthia B. Leary, Wei-Ping Lu, Kylie Luther, William C. Patt, Max D. Petty, Yeni K. Romero, Forrest A. Stanley, Kristen L. Stoltz, Daniel C. Tanner, Sihyung Yang, Yu Zhan, Bertrand Le Bourdonnec, Daniel L. Flynn. Pan-exon mutant KIT inhibitor DCC-3009 demonstrates tumor regressions in preclinical gastrointestinal stromal tumor models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4033.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Mi Ahn
- 1Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Lawrence, KS
| | - Gada Al-Ani
- 1Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Lawrence, KS
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Ping Lu
- 1Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Lawrence, KS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Zhan
- 1Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Lawrence, KS
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Caldwell TM, Kaufman MD, Wise SC, Mi Ahn Y, Hood MM, Lu WP, Patt WC, Samarakoon T, Vogeti L, Vogeti S, Yates KM, Bulfer SL, Le Bourdonnec B, Smith BD, Flynn DL. Discovery of acyl ureas as highly selective small molecule CSF1R kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 74:128929. [PMID: 35961461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structure of an early lead identified in Deciphera's proprietary compound collection of switch control kinase inhibitors and using a combination of medicinal chemistry guided structure activity relationships and structure-based drug design, a novel series of potent acyl urea-based CSF1R inhibitors was identified displaying high selectivity for CSF1R versus the other members of the Type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family members (KIT, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, and FLT3), VEGFR2 and MET. Based on in vitro biology, in vitro ADME and in vivo PK/PD studies, compound 10 was selected as an advanced lead for Deciphera's CSF1R research program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott C Wise
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Yu Mi Ahn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Molly M Hood
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Wei-Ping Lu
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - William C Patt
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | | | | | - Subha Vogeti
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Karen M Yates
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Stacie L Bulfer
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | | | - Bryan D Smith
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Daniel L Flynn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, MA 02451, United States.
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Smith BD, Kaufman MD, Lu WP, Gupta A, Leary CB, Wise SC, Rutkoski TJ, Ahn YM, Al-Ani G, Bulfer SL, Caldwell TM, Chun L, Ensinger CL, Hood MM, McKinley A, Patt WC, Ruiz-Soto R, Su Y, Telikepalli H, Town A, Turner BA, Vogeti L, Vogeti S, Yates K, Janku F, Abdul Razak AR, Rosen O, Heinrich MC, Flynn DL. Ripretinib (DCC-2618) Is a Switch Control Kinase Inhibitor of a Broad Spectrum of Oncogenic and Drug-Resistant KIT and PDGFRA Variants. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:738-751.e9. [PMID: 31085175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ripretinib (DCC-2618) was designed to inhibit the full spectrum of mutant KIT and PDGFRA kinases found in cancers and myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), in which the heterogeneity of drug-resistant KIT mutations is a major challenge. Ripretinib is a "switch-control" kinase inhibitor that forces the activation loop (or activation "switch") into an inactive conformation. Ripretinib inhibits all tested KIT and PDGFRA mutants, and notably is a type II kinase inhibitor demonstrated to broadly inhibit activation loop mutations in KIT and PDGFRA, previously thought only achievable with type I inhibitors. Ripretinib shows efficacy in preclinical cancer models, and preliminary clinical data provide proof-of-concept that ripretinib inhibits a wide range of KIT mutants in patients with drug-resistant GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Smith
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Wei-Ping Lu
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Anu Gupta
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Scott C Wise
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Yu Mi Ahn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Gada Al-Ani
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Chun
- Emerald Biostructures, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | | | - Molly M Hood
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Arin McKinley
- Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | - Ying Su
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Ajia Town
- Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | - Subha Vogeti
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Karen Yates
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Oliver Rosen
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L Flynn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Smith BD, Kaufman MD, Leary CB, Turner BA, Wise SC, Ahn YM, Booth RJ, Caldwell TM, Ensinger CL, Hood MM, Lu WP, Patt TW, Patt WC, Rutkoski TJ, Samarakoon T, Telikepalli H, Vogeti L, Vogeti S, Yates KM, Chun L, Stewart LJ, Clare M, Flynn DL. Altiratinib Inhibits Tumor Growth, Invasion, Angiogenesis, and Microenvironment-Mediated Drug Resistance via Balanced Inhibition of MET, TIE2, and VEGFR2. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2023-34. [PMID: 26285778 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Altiratinib (DCC-2701) was designed based on the rationale of engineering a single therapeutic agent able to address multiple hallmarks of cancer (1). Specifically, altiratinib inhibits not only mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression, but also drug resistance mechanisms in the tumor and microenvironment through balanced inhibition of MET, TIE2 (TEK), and VEGFR2 (KDR) kinases. This profile was achieved by optimizing binding into the switch control pocket of all three kinases, inducing type II inactive conformations. Altiratinib durably inhibits MET, both wild-type and mutated forms, in vitro and in vivo. Through its balanced inhibitory potency versus MET, TIE2, and VEGFR2, altiratinib provides an agent that inhibits three major evasive (re)vascularization and resistance pathways (HGF, ANG, and VEGF) and blocks tumor invasion and metastasis. Altiratinib exhibits properties amenable to oral administration and exhibits substantial blood-brain barrier penetration, an attribute of significance for eventual treatment of brain cancers and brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Mi Ahn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel L Flynn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Lawrence, Kansas. Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts.
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5
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Chan WW, Wise SC, Kaufman MD, Ahn YM, Ensinger CL, Haack T, Hood MM, Jones J, Lord JW, Lu WP, Miller D, Patt WC, Smith BD, Petillo PA, Rutkoski TJ, Telikepalli H, Vogeti L, Yao T, Chun L, Clark R, Evangelista P, Gavrilescu LC, Lazarides K, Zaleskas VM, Stewart LJ, Van Etten RA, Flynn DL. Conformational control inhibition of the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, including the gatekeeper T315I mutant, by the switch-control inhibitor DCC-2036. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:556-68. [PMID: 21481795 PMCID: PMC3077923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) through ABL1 kinase domain mutations, particularly the gatekeeper mutant T315I, is a significant problem for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Using structure-based drug design, we developed compounds that bind to residues (Arg386/Glu282) ABL1 uses to switch between inactive and active conformations. The lead "switch-control" inhibitor, DCC-2036, potently inhibits both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated ABL1 by inducing a type II inactive conformation, and retains efficacy against the majority of clinically relevant CML-resistance mutants, including T315I. DCC-2036 inhibits BCR-ABL1(T315I)-expressing cell lines, prolongs survival in mouse models of T315I mutant CML and B-lymphoblastic leukemia, and inhibits primary patient leukemia cells expressing T315I in vitro and in vivo, supporting its clinical development in TKI-resistant Ph(+) leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne W Chan
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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6
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Ahn YM, Clare M, Ensinger CL, Hood MM, Lord JW, Lu WP, Miller DF, Patt WC, Smith BD, Vogeti L, Kaufman MD, Petillo PA, Wise SC, Abendroth J, Chun L, Clark R, Feese M, Kim H, Stewart L, Flynn DL. Switch control pocket inhibitors of p38-MAP kinase. Durable type II inhibitors that do not require binding into the canonical ATP hinge region. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5793-8. [PMID: 20800479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Switch control pocket inhibitors of p38-alpha kinase are described. Durable type II inhibitors were designed which bind to arginines (Arg67 or Arg70) that function as key residues for mediating phospho-threonine 180 dependant conformational fluxing of p38-alpha from an inactive type II state to an active type I state. Binding to Arg70 in particular led to potent inhibitors, exemplified by DP-802, which also exhibited high kinase selectivity. Binding to Arg70 obviated the requirement for binding into the ATP Hinge region. X-ray crystallography revealed that DP-802 and analogs induce an enhanced type II conformation upon binding to either the unphosphorylated or the doubly phosphorylated form of p38-alpha kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Ahn
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals LLC, 643 Massachusetts St, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
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7
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Schnute ME, O'Brien PM, Nahra J, Morris M, Howard Roark W, Hanau CE, Ruminski PG, Scholten JA, Fletcher TR, Hamper BC, Carroll JN, Patt WC, Shieh HS, Collins B, Pavlovsky AG, Palmquist KE, Aston KW, Hitchcock J, Rogers MD, McDonald J, Johnson AR, Munie GE, Wittwer AJ, Man CF, Settle SL, Nemirovskiy O, Vickery LE, Agawal A, Dyer RD, Sunyer T. Discovery of (pyridin-4-yl)-2H-tetrazole as a novel scaffold to identify highly selective matrix metalloproteinase-13 inhibitors for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:576-80. [PMID: 20005097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Potent, highly selective and orally-bioavailable MMP-13 inhibitors have been identified based upon a (pyridin-4-yl)-2H-tetrazole scaffold. Co-crystal structure analysis revealed that the inhibitors bind at the S(1)(') active site pocket and are not ligands for the catalytic zinc atom. Compound 29b demonstrated reduction of cartilage degradation biomarker (TIINE) levels associated with cartilage protection in a preclinical rat osteoarthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Schnute
- Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Compounds of the general structure A and B were investigated for their activity as lipoprotein(a), [Lp(a)], assembly (coupling) inhibitors. SAR around the amino acid derivatives (structure A) gave compound 14-6 as a potent coupling inhibitor. Oral dosing of compound 14-6 to Lp(a) transgenic mice and cymologous monkeys resulted in a>30% decrease in plasma Lp(a) levels after 1-2 weeks of treatment at 100 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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9
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Bridges AJ, Patt WC, Stickney TM. A dramatic solvent effect during aromatic halogen-metal exchanges. Different products from lithiation of polyfluorobromobenzenes in ether and tetrahydrofuran. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00289a069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Patt WC, Cheng XM, Repine JT, Lee C, Reisdorph BR, Massa MA, Doherty AM, Welch KM, Bryant JW, Flynn MA, Walker DM, Schroeder RL, Haleen SJ, Keiser JA. Butenolide endothelin antagonists with improved aqueous solubility. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2162-8. [PMID: 10377221 DOI: 10.1021/jm980504w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continued development around our ETA-selective endothelin (ET) antagonist 1 (CI-1020) has led to the synthesis of analogues with improved aqueous solubility profiles. Poor solubility characteristics displayed by 1 required a complex buffered formulation in order to conduct iv studies. To overcome the use of specific iv formulations for preclinical studies on additional drug candidates, analogues with improved aqueous solubility were desired. Several analogues were synthesized with substitution patterns that allowed for the formation of either acid or base addition salts. These derivatives had dramatically improved aqueous solubility. In addition, these analogues retained equivalent or improved ETA receptor selectivity and antagonist potency, versus 1, both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 29, which contains as a substituent the sodium salt of a sulfonic acid, has an ETA IC50 = 0.38 nM, ETA selectivity of 4200-fold, and ETA functional activity of KB = 7.8, all of which are similar or superior to those of 1. Compound 29 also has vastly superior aqueous solubility and solubility duration, compared to 1. Furthermore, 29 after iv infusion displays improved activity to 1 in preventing acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats with an ED50 = 0.3 microg/kg/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Patt
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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12
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Massa MA, Patt WC, Ahn K, Sisneros AM, Herman SB, Doherty A. Synthesis of novel substituted pyridines as inhibitors of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2117-22. [PMID: 9873497 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of bi-aryl pyridine carboxylic acids has been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of ECE-1. The analogs were prepared by Pd catalyzed cross couplings of halogenated pyridines with heteroaryl organo-boranes, -tinate or -zincate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Massa
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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13
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Davenport AP, Kuc RE, Ashby MJ, Patt WC, Doherty AM. Characterization of [125I]-PD164333, an ETA selective non-peptide radiolabelled antagonist, in normal and diseased human tissues. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 123:223-30. [PMID: 9489609 PMCID: PMC1565157 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1 We have synthesized a new low molecular weight, non-peptide radioligand, [125I]-PD164333, an analogue of the orally active butenolide antagonists of the endothelin ETA receptor. 2 Analysis of saturation binding assays demonstrated that [125I]-PD164333 bound with high affinity to a single population of receptors (n > or = 3 individuals +/- s.e.mean) in human aorta (KD=0.26+/-0.08 nM; Bmax=8.8+/-3.95 fmol mg(-1) protein), left ventricle from the heart (KD=0.16+/-0.02 nM; Bmax=34.2+/-3.02 fmol mg(-1) protein) and kidney (KD=1.24+/-0.16 nM; Bmax=125.3+/-35.07 fmol mg(-1) protein). In each case Hill slopes were close to unity. 3 In kinetic experiments, the binding of [125I]-PD164333 to ETA receptors in sections of heart was time-dependent and rapid at 23 degrees C. The data were fitted to a one site model, with an association rate constant (K1 of 2.66+/-0.213x10(8) M(-1) min(-1), and a half-time for association of 11 min. The binding was reversible at 23 degrees C: analysis of the data indicated [125I]-PD164333 dissociated from a single site, with a dissociation rate constant of 0.0031+/-0.0004 min(-1), a half-time for dissociation of 216 min and a KD calculated from these kinetic data of 0.01 nM. 4 Unlabelled PD164333 inhibited the binding of [125I]-ET-1 to left ventricle (which expresses both subtypes) in a biphasic manner with a KDETA of 0.99+/-0.32 nM and KDETB of 2.41+/-0.22 microM, giving a selectivity of 2500 fold. ETA-selective ligands competed monophasically for [125I]-PD164333 binding in left ventricle, a one site fit was preferred to a two site model giving similar nanomolar affinities: BQ123, KD=3.93+/-0.18 nM; FR139317 KD=3.53+/-0.69 nM. In contrast, the ETB selective agonists, BQ3020 and sarafotoxin S6c (1 microM) did not inhibit binding. 5 In human isolated saphenous vein, unlabelled PD164333 was a functional antagonist, producing parallel rightward shifts of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration-response curve (pA2=8.84) and a slope of unity. 6 In the human brain, autoradiography revealed high levels of [125I]-PD164333 binding to the pial arteries of the cerebral cortex and to the numerous smaller intercerebral vessels penetrating the underlying grey and white matter. Conduit and resistance vessels contributing to the control of blood pressure from the heart, kidney, lungs and adrenal also displayed high densities of binding. In diseased vessels, binding of [125I]-PD164333 was confined to the medial layer of both coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic lesions or occluded saphenous vein grafts. In contrast, little or no binding was detected in the proliferated smooth muscle of the intimal layer or occluded lesion. 7 These results show [125I]-PD164333 is a specific, high affinity, reversible non-peptide radioligand for human ETA receptors, which will facilitate the further characterization of this subtype, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Davenport
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
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14
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Patt WC, Edmunds JJ, Repine JT, Berryman KA, Reisdorph BR, Lee C, Plummer MS, Shahripour A, Haleen SJ, Keiser JA, Flynn MA, Welch KM, Reynolds EE, Rubin R, Tobias B, Hallak H, Doherty AM. Structure-activity relationships in a series of orally active gamma-hydroxy butenolide endothelin antagonists. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1063-74. [PMID: 9089328 DOI: 10.1021/jm9606507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The design of potent and selective non-peptide antagonists of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its related isopeptides are important tools defining the role of ET in human diseases. In this report we will describe the detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that led to the discovery of a potent series of butenolide ETA selective antagonists. Starting from a micromolar screening hit, PD012527, use of Topliss decision tree analysis led to the discovery of the nanomolar ET(A) selective antagonist PD155080. Further structural modifications around the butenolide ring led directly to the subnanomolar ETA selective antagonist PD156707, IC50's = 0.3 (ET(A)) and 780 nM (ET(B)). This series of compounds exhibited functional activity exemplified by PD156707. This derivative inhibited the ETA receptor mediated release of arachidonic acid from rabbit renal artery vascular smooth muscle cells with an IC50 = 1.1 nM and also inhibited the ET-1 induced contraction of rabbit femoral artery rings (ETA mediated) with a pA2 = 7.6. PD156707 also displayed in vivo functional activity inhibiting the hemodynamic responses due to exogenous administration of ET-1 in rats in a dose dependent fashion. Evidence for the pH dependence of the open and closed tautomerization forms of PD156707 was demonstrated by an NMR study. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the closed butenolide form of PD156707 shows the benzylic group located on the same side of the butenolide ring as the gamma-hydroxyl and the remaining two phenyl groups on the butenolide ring essentially orthogonal to the butenolide ring. Pharmacokinetic parameters for PD156707 in dogs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Patt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Doherty AM, Patt WC, Edmunds JJ, Berryman KA, Reisdorph BR, Plummer MS, Shahripour A, Lee C, Cheng XM, Walker DM. Discovery of a novel series of orally active non-peptide endothelin-A (ETA) receptor-selective antagonists. J Med Chem 1995; 38:1259-63. [PMID: 7731010 DOI: 10.1021/jm00008a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Doherty AM, Patt WC, Repine J, Edmunds JJ, Berryman KA, Reisdorph BR, Walker DM, Haleen SJ, Keiser JA, Flynn MA, Welch KM, Hallak H, Reynolds EE. Structure-Activity Relationships of a Novel Series of Orally Active Nonpeptide ETA and ETA/B Endothelin Receptor-Selective Antagonists. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199526003-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ryan MJ, Hicks GW, Batley BL, Rapundalo ST, Patt WC, Taylor DG, Keiser JA. Effect of an orally active renin inhibitor Cl-992 on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 268:372-9. [PMID: 8301578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cl-992, a novel potent inhibitor of primate renin, was tested for blood pressure-lowering efficacy in sodium-restricted, furosemide-treated conscious normotensive cynomolgus monkeys and conscious renal hypertensive monkeys. The hypertensive monkey model provided an opportunity to determine the response to a renin inhibitor in a pathological nonhuman primate model of hypertension without concurrent diuretic treatment or dietary sodium restriction and on repeated oral administration. Cl-992 has IC50 values of 0.58 +/- 0.06 (n = 4) and 0.36 +/- 0.03 nM (n = 8) against human and monkey renin, respectively. In normotensive monkeys, oral Cl-992 at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg reduced mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) by 8 +/- 2, 15 +/- 7 and 29 +/- 7 mm Hg (n = 5 animals per dose level, P < .05), respectively (base line, 103 +/- 3 mm Hg). Intravenous Cl-992 (0.0001 to 0.1 mg/kg) also caused dose-dependent decreases in MABP and a maximum reduction of 23 +/- 4 mm Hg. The decrease in MABP after Cl-992 was paralleled by an inhibition of plasma renin activity (PRA) and a reduction in immunoreactive angiotensin II. In renal hypertensive monkeys, oral Cl-992 at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg reduced MABP by 6 +/- 2, 18 +/- 6 and 37 +/- 8 mm Hg (n = 3 or 4, P < .05), respectively (base line, 134 +/- 4 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Patt WC, Hamilton HW, Taylor MD, Ryan MJ, Taylor DG, Connolly CJ, Doherty AM, Klutchko SR, Sircar I, Steinbaugh BA. Structure-activity relationships of a series of 2-amino-4-thiazole-containing renin inhibitors. J Med Chem 1992; 35:2562-72. [PMID: 1635057 DOI: 10.1021/jm00092a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of renin inhibitors was synthesized that contained a 2-amino-4-thiazolyl moiety at the P2 position. These derivatives are potent inhibitors of monkey renin in vitro and are selective in that they only weakly inhibit the closely related aspartic proteinase, bovine cathepsin D. Four compounds exhibited oral blood pressure lowering activity in high-renin normotensive monkeys. One of these compounds, 22 (PD 134672), was selected for further evaluation in renal hypertensive monkeys, on the basis of its superior efficacy and duration of action in the in vitro assays and the normotensive primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Patt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of Warner-Lambert Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Abstract
In a preliminary communication (J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32, 11-13) a series of perfluoro-N-[4-(1H-tetrazol-5ylmethyl)phenyl]alkana mides (perfluoro anilides I), designed as novel analogues of ciglitazone, were reported to possess oral antidiabetic activity in two genetic animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice. In this report, the results from a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the series I are described. Comprehensive statistical analysis among the 86 analogues screened for blood glucose lowering in ob/ob mice was achieved by a new application of a general statistical procedure which made it possible to make meaningful comparisons between more than 140 separate experiments (N = 2966). Perfluoro anilides I lowered plasma glucose in the hyperglycemic ob/ob and db/db mice but not in euglycemic normal rats. In the hyperinsulinemic ob/ob mouse, decreases in plasma insulin levels paralleled the decline in plasma glucose. Potency and efficacy in the series was shown to be dependent on the length of the perfluorocarbon chain (RF) of I. Optimal activity occurred with the C7 and C8 RF chains. The more extensive SAR studies reported here, indicated that the lipophilic RF chain is the most important structural element of I since neither the phenyl nor tetrazole rings present in anilides I were necessary for antihyperglycemic activity while medium length (C7-C8) RF chains, especially the C7F15 chain, were shown to confer antihyperglycemic activity in ob/ob mice to a wide variety of structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kees
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
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Trivedi BK, Blankley CJ, Bristol JA, Hamilton HW, Patt WC, Kramer WJ, Johnson SA, Bruns RF, Cohen DM, Ryan MJ. N6-substituted adenosine receptor agonists: potential antihypertensive agents. J Med Chem 1991; 34:1043-9. [PMID: 2002448 DOI: 10.1021/jm00107a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is known to exert a wide range of pharmacological effects including hypotension. This effect of adenosine suggested that modified analogues of adenosine might provide useful antihypertensive agents. Thus, we prepared a series of novel N6-benzocycloalkyladenosines and studied their receptor binding and antihypertensive activity. The structure-activity relationship study shows that the adenosine analogues having the hydrophobic phenyl moiety one carbon away from the C6-nitrogen have modest affinity and selectivity for the A1 receptor, whereas those with the phenyl moiety two carbons away from the C6-nitrogen have excellent affinity and selectivity for the A1 receptor. Many of these analogues showed excellent antihypertensive activity with a wide range of effects on heart rate. There is no direct correlation between the receptor binding affinities and antihypertensive activity; however, it is more closely associated with A1 than A2 affinity. The bradycardic effect of these agonists seems to be due to the A1 affinity. From this set, compound 3 was further evaluated in secondary antihypertensive screens. It lowered the blood pressure dose dependently with effects lasting for over 20 h following administration of a 30 mg/kg dose. Compound 3 was also effective in lowering blood pressure in a renal hypertensive rat model. Thus, appropriately modified N6-substituted adenosines represent a novel class of antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Trivedi BK, Bridges AJ, Patt WC, Priebe SR, Bruns RF. N6-bicycloalkyladenosines with unusually high potency and selectivity for the adenosine A1 receptor. J Med Chem 1989; 32:8-11. [PMID: 2909748 DOI: 10.1021/jm00121a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B K Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Taylor MD, Moos WH, Hamilton HW, Szotek DS, Patt WC, Badger EW, Bristol JA, Bruns RF, Heffner TG, Mertz TE. Ribose-modified adenosine analogues as adenosine receptor agonists. J Med Chem 1986; 29:346-53. [PMID: 3005574 DOI: 10.1021/jm00153a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of the potent adenosine receptor agonist (R)-N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine (R-PIA), modified at N9, were prepared and evaluated for adenosine A1 and A2 receptor binding and in vivo central nervous system and cardiovascular effects. The modifications at N9 include deoxy sugars, 5'-substituted-5'-deoxyriboses, non-ribose sugars, sugar ring homologues, and acyclic sugar analogues. Most of the derivatives have poor affinity for adenosine receptors. Only minor modifications at C5' and C3' maintain potent binding. In general, those derivatives exhibiting in vivo behavioral or cardiovascular effects also have the highest affinity for adenosine receptors.
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