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Jairath V, Zou G, Wang Z, Adsul S, Colombel JF, D'Haens GR, Freire M, Moran GW, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Sandborn WJ, Sebastian S, Travis S, Vermeire S, Radulescu G, Sigler J, Hanžel J, Ma C, Sedano R, McFarlane SC, Arya N, Beaton M, Bossuyt P, Danese S, Green D, Harlan W, Horynski M, Klopocka M, Petroniene R, Silverberg MS, Wolanski L, Feagan BG. Determining the optimal treatment target in patients with ulcerative colitis: rationale, design, protocol and interim analysis for the randomised controlled VERDICT trial. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024; 11:e001218. [PMID: 38336367 PMCID: PMC10870790 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symptoms, endoscopy and histology have been proposed as therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC). Observational studies suggest that the achievement of histologic remission may be associated with a lower risk of complications, compared with the achievement of endoscopic remission alone. The actiVE ulcerative colitis, a RanDomIsed Controlled Trial (VERDICT) aims to determine the optimal treatment target in patients with UC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this multicentre, prospective randomised study, 660 patients with moderate to severe UC (Mayo rectal bleeding subscore [RBS] ≥1; Mayo endoscopic score [MES] ≥2) are randomly assigned to three treatment targets: corticosteroid-free symptomatic remission (Mayo RBS=0) (group 1); corticosteroid-free endoscopic remission (MES ≤1) and symptomatic remission (group 2); or corticosteroid-free histologic remission (Geboes score <2B.0), endoscopic remission and symptomatic remission (group 3). Treatment is escalated using vedolizumab according to a treatment algorithm that is dependent on the patient's baseline UC therapy until the target is achieved at weeks 16, 32 or 48. The primary outcome, the time from target achievement to a UC-related complication, will be compared between groups 1 and 3 using a Cox proportional hazards model. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by ethics committees at the country level or at individual sites as per individual country requirements. A full list of ethics committees is available on request. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT: 2019-002485-12; NCT04259138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Jairath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangyong Zou
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shashi Adsul
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geert R D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gordon W Moran
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- INSERM, NGERE, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Gastroenterology; INFINY Institute; FHU-CURE, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Simon Travis
- Kennedy Institute and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jurij Hanžel
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christopher Ma
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rocio Sedano
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Naveen Arya
- ABP Research Services Corp, Oakville, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Beaton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Bossuyt
- Imelda GI Clinical Research Center, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Green
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taunton Surgical Centre, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Harlan
- Asheville Gastroenterology Associates, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Maria Klopocka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutritional Disorders, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Dr. Jana Biziel University Hospital n 2 in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Mark S Silverberg
- Toronto Immune and Digestive Health Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lukasz Wolanski
- Gastroenterological Department, Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Łęcznej, Łęcznej, Poland
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Alimentiv Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
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Herfarth H, Barnes EL, Valentine JF, Hanson J, Higgins PDR, Isaacs KL, Jackson S, Osterman MT, Anton K, Ivanova A, Long MD, Martin C, Sandler RS, Abraham B, Cross RK, Dryden G, Fischer M, Harlan W, Levy C, McCabe R, Polyak S, Saha S, Williams E, Yajnik V, Serrano J, Sands BE, Lewis JD. Methotrexate Is Not Superior to Placebo in Maintaining Steroid-Free Response or Remission in Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1098-1108.e9. [PMID: 29964043 PMCID: PMC6174092 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Parenteral methotrexate induces clinical remission but not endoscopic improvement of mucosal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of parenteral methotrexate in maintaining steroid-free response or remission in patients with UC after induction therapy with methotrexate and steroids. METHODS We performed a 48-week trial, from February 2012 through May 2016, of 179 patients with active UC (Mayo score of 6-12 with endoscopy subscore ≥ 2) despite previous conventional or biological therapy. The study comprised a 16-week open label methotrexate induction period followed by a 32-week double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance period. Patients were given subcutaneous methotrexate (25 mg/wk) and a 12-week steroid taper. At week 16, steroid-free responders were randomly assigned to groups that either continued methotrexate (25 mg/wk, n = 44) or were given placebo (n = 40) until week 48. We compared the efficacy of treatment by analyzing the proportion of patients who remained relapse free and were in remission at week 48 without use of steroids or other medications to control disease activity. RESULTS Ninety-one patients (51%) achieved response at week 16, and 84 patients were included in the maintenance period study. During this period, 60% of patients in the placebo group (24/40) and 66% in the methotrexate group (29/44) had a relapse of UC (P = .75). At week 48, 30% of patients in the placebo group (12/40) and 27% of patients in the methotrexate group (12/44) were in steroid-free clinical remission without need for additional therapies (P = .86). No new safety signals for methotrexate were detected. CONCLUSIONS Parenteral methotrexate (25 mg/wk) was not superior to placebo in preventing relapses of UC in patients who achieved steroid-free response during induction therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT01393405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Herfarth
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; University of North Carolina Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Edward L Barnes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John F Valentine
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Peter DR Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kim L Isaacs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan Jackson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark T Osterman
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kristen Anton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Millie D Long
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,University of North Carolina Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Chris Martin
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bincy Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist – Weill Cornell, Houston, TX
| | - Raymond K Cross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gerald Dryden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Campbell Levy
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - Steven Polyak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sumona Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Emmanuelle Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James D Lewis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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- see sites and investigators in Supplementary Material
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Nelson DR, Cooper JN, Lalezari JP, Lawitz E, Pockros PJ, Gitlin N, Freilich BF, Younes ZH, Harlan W, Ghalib R, Oguchi G, Thuluvath PJ, Ortiz-Lasanta G, Rabinovitz M, Bernstein D, Bennett M, Hawkins T, Ravendhran N, Sheikh AM, Varunok P, Kowdley KV, Hennicken D, McPhee F, Rana K, Hughes EA. All-oral 12-week treatment with daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection: ALLY-3 phase III study. Hepatology 2015; 61:1127-35. [PMID: 25614962 PMCID: PMC4409820 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment options for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 infection are limited, with the currently approved all-oral regimens requiring 24-week treatment and the addition of ribavirin (RBV). This phase III study (ALLY-3; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02032901) evaluated the 12-week regimen of daclatasvir (DCV; pangenotypic nonstructural protein [NS]5A inhibitor) plus sofosbuvir (SOF; pangenotypic NS5B inhibitor) in patients infected with genotype 3. Patients were either treatment naïve (n = 101) or treatment experienced (n = 51) and received DCV 60 mg plus SOF 400 mg once-daily for 12 weeks. Coprimary endpoints were the proportions of treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12). SVR12 rates were 90% (91 of 101) and 86% (44 of 51) in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients, respectively; no virological breakthrough was observed, and ≥99% of patients had a virological response (VR) at the end of treatment. SVR12 rates were higher in patients without cirrhosis (96%; 105 of 109) than in those with cirrhosis (63%; 20 of 32). Five of seven patients who previously failed treatment with an SOF-containing regimen and 2 of 2 who previously failed treatment with an alisporivir-containing regimen achieved SVR12. Baseline characteristics, including gender, age, HCV-RNA levels, and interleukin-28B genotype, did not impact virological outcome. DCV plus SOF was well tolerated; there were no adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation and only 1 serious AE on-treatment, which was unrelated to study medications. The few treatment-emergent grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities that were observed were transient. CONCLUSION A 12-week regimen of DCV plus SOF achieved SVR12 in 96% of patients with genotype 3 infection without cirrhosis and was well tolerated. Additional evaluation to optimize efficacy in genotype 3-infected patients with cirrhosis is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reem Ghalib
- Texas Clinical Research InstituteArlington, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - David Bernstein
- Hofstra North Shore–Long Island Jewish School of MedicineManhasset, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Varunok
- Premier Medical Group of Hudson ValleyPoughkeepsie, NY
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical CenterSeattle, WA
| | | | - Fiona McPhee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and DevelopmentWallingford, CT
| | - Khurram Rana
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and DevelopmentWallingford, CT
| | - Eric A Hughes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and DevelopmentPrinceton, NJ
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Vitiello B, Shader RI, Parker CB, Ritz L, Harlan W, Greenblatt DJ, Gadde KM, Krishnan KRR, Davidson JRT. Hyperforin plasma level as a marker of treatment adherence in the National Institutes of Health Hypericum Depression Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:243-9. [PMID: 15876903 DOI: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000162801.72002.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previously reported clinical trial of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) in depression did not demonstrate efficacy. We assessed treatment adherence by measuring plasma hyperforin and evaluated the possible impact of adherence on study results. METHODS Outpatients with major depression (N = 340) were randomized to an 8-week trial of H. perforatum (900-1500 mg/d), sertraline (50-100 mg/d) as active comparator, or placebo. Plasma was available from 292 patients (86% of randomized). Samples from the placebo and H. perforatum groups were assayed for hyperforin, and samples from the sertraline group for sertraline/N-desmethyl-sertraline. RESULTS Of the 104 patients randomized to placebo, 18 (17%) had detectable plasma hyperforin. Of the 97 patients randomized to H. perforatum, 17 (17%) had no detectable plasma hyperforin. All the assayed sertraline patients (N = 91) had plasma sertraline/N-desmethyl-sertraline. The clinical trial conclusions remained unchanged when only patients with plasma assay consistent with random assignment were included in the analyses. CONCLUSIONS One of every 6 patients assigned to placebo had plasma hyperforin, and 1 of every 6 patients assigned to H. perforatum had no detectable plasma hyperforin. The finding underscores the difficulty of enforcing treatment adherence in clinical trials of preparations that are readily available in the community.
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Cooper RA, Quatrano LA, Axelson PW, Harlan W, Stineman M, Franklin B, Krause JS, Bach J, Chambers H, Chao EY, Alexander M, Painter P. Research on physical activity and health among people with disabilities: a consensus statement. J Rehabil Res Dev 1999; 36:142-54. [PMID: 10661530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Research is required to advance the understanding of issues related to the effect of physical activity on health and disease prevention among people with disabilities. This report is the result of a consensus process using selected experts in health and exercise. The purpose of the consensus conference was to identify research priorities for physical activity and health among people with disabilities. Priorities were established by 30 participants, who were selected by the principal investigators to achieve balance in the areas of engineering, epidemiology, medicine, nutrition, exercise physiology, and psychology. Experts summarized relevant data from their research and from comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the topic areas chosen for the conference. Public commentary was provided by participants in the 1996 Paralympic Congress. Panel members discussed openly all material presented to them in executive session. Commentary from open discussion periods were recorded and transcribed. Selected panelists prepared first drafts of the consensus statements for each research priority question. All of these drafts were distributed to the panelists and pertinent experts. The documents were edited by the drafting committee to obtain consensus. This research priority setting process revealed that greater emphasis must be placed on determining the risks and benefits of exercise among people with disabilities. Exercise must be studied from the perspective of disease prevention while mitigating risk for injury. Five areas were identified as focal points for future work: epidemiological studies; effects of nutrition on health and ability to exercise; cardiovascular and pulmonary health; children with disabilities; and accessibility and safety of exercise programs. As people with disabilities live longer, the need for addressing long-term health issues and risk for secondary disability must receive greater attention. As a consequence of the consensus process, specific recommendations for future research regarding the impact of exercise on the health and quality of life of persons with disabilities were defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Cooper
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA. rcooper+@pitt.edu
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Haskell WL, Leon AS, Caspersen CJ, Froelicher VF, Hagberg JM, Harlan W, Holloszy JO, Regensteiner JG, Thompson PD, Washburn RA. Cardiovascular benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24:S201-20. [PMID: 1625547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W L Haskell
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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Abstract
To evaluate the participation of proteins derived from mitochondrial genes in the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased contractile activity, we administered chloramphenicol (CAP; 200-1,000 mg.kg-1.day-1), an inhibitor of translation from mitochondrial ribosomes, to adult rabbits undergoing electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle of one hind limb. In unmedicated animals, 10 days of electrical stimulation increased maximum velocity (Vmax) of cytochrome oxidase and citrate synthase by 214 +/- 17 and 201 +/- 16% (P less than 0.01). In a dose-dependent manner, CAP abolished activity-induced increases in cytochrome oxidase Vmax, suggesting that augmented mitochondrial protein synthesis is necessary for the adaptive response of enzymes that require protein subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes. However, CAP failed to inhibit activity-induced changes in Vmax of enzymes derived exclusively from nuclear genes (citrate synthase and aldolase). CAP also failed to inhibit activity-induced increases in mRNA transcribed from the nuclear genes encoding beta-F1 ATPase or myoglobin, or from the mitochondrial genes encoding 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, or cytochrome b. These latter findings suggest that mitochondrial translation products do not participate in pretranslational regulation of these nuclear or mitochondrial genes in response to changes in contractile activity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Williams RS, Garcia-Moll M, Mellor J, Salmons S, Harlan W. Adaptation of skeletal muscle to increased contractile activity. Expression nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:2764-7. [PMID: 2880844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in mitochondrial biogenesis in mammalian cells requires a coordinated increase in the expression of a number of nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins. To examine the regulatory mechanisms involved, we used specific anti-sense RNA probes to estimate the cellular concentrations of mRNA transcripts of two such nuclear genes in rabbit tibialis anterior muscles subjected in vivo to 10-21 days of indirect electrical stimulation. The unstimulated contralateral muscle in the same animals provided a base line for comparison. Change in expression of mitochondrial proteins was assessed in terms of the enzymatic capacity of citrate synthase and cytochrome oxidase, which increased 2.1-fold after 10 days and 5.5- and 4.1-fold, respectively, after 21 days of stimulation. As a proportion of total cellular RNA, messenger RNA encoding subunit beta of F1-ATPase increased 2.2-fold over control levels after 10 days and 2.3-fold after 21 days; mRNA encoding subunit VIC of cytochrome oxidase increased 1.3-fold and 1.9-fold over control levels after stimulation for 10 and 21 days, respectively. These changes were not attributable to nonspecific effects of stimulation on all mRNA transcripts, since aldolase A mRNA decreased to 26% of control levels after 21 days of stimulation. Furthermore, mRNA transcripts from these nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins did not increase to the same extent as mRNA transcripts of mitochondrial genes such as cytochrome b, which increased 5.9-fold after 21 days of stimulation. We conclude that the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis induced by electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle is supported by pretranslational regulation of expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. There are, however, indications that translational or post-translational regulatory events may also be involved.
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Williams R, Garcia-Moll M, Mellor J, Salmons S, Harlan W. Adaptation of skeletal muscle to increased contractile activity. Expression nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pennington FC, Wiggin SB, Wright S, Hiss R, Harlan W. A system for approving, monitoring, and recording CME activities in a university hospital setting. J Med Educ 1980; 55:486-488. [PMID: 7381899 DOI: 10.1097/00001888-198006000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The increased demand that mandatory continuing education requirements place on an academic physician's time and the conviction that continued learning is best when that learning is related to patient care were the impetus for developing a continuing education system in the University of Michigan Hospital for medical faculty and medical staff. Using the capability to co-sponsor continuing medical education, the University of Michigan Medical School established a quality assessment mechanism that enabled approval of a variety of ongoing instructional activities in the hospital setting for continuing education credit.
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