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Sochacki KA, Sun WW, Michalak DJ, Kunamaneni P, Hinshaw JE, Taraska JW. Toward Plasma Membrane Visual Proteomics: Developing a Correlative Cryo-electron Tomography Pipeline for Isolated Plasma Membranes. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:898. [PMID: 37613816 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kem A Sochacki
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Willy W Sun
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dennis J Michalak
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Prasanthi Kunamaneni
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Justin W Taraska
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Michalak DJ, Sun WW, Sochacki KA, Hinshaw JE, Taraska JW. Subtomogram averaging of protein structures in isolated HEK293 cell plasma membranes. Biophys J 2023; 122:542a. [PMID: 36784809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Michalak
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Willy W Sun
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kem A Sochacki
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin W Taraska
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chen M, Li MH, Zhang N, Sun WW, Wang H, Wang YA, Zhao Y, Wei W. Pro-angiogenic effect of exosomal microRNA-103a in mice with rheumatoid arthritis via the downregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and activation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:629-640. [PMID: 33887899 DOI: 10.23812/20-537-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, accompanied by hyperplasia and neo-angiogenesis, which promote local inflammation. Macrophage-derived exosomes have been reported to enhance inflammation and the immune response. In the present study, we identified a novel exosomal microRNA (miR)-103a, which aids in the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in mice with RA, and attempted to identify the underlying mechanism. Initially, a mouse model of RA was established. Thereafter, exosomes were isolated from macrophage RAW264.7 cells and evaluated through transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. After prediction and verification of the target genes of miR-103a, RT-qPCR was used to assess miR-103a and HNF4A expression in mice with RA. High expression of miR-103a and low expression of HNF4A were observed in mice with RA, thus, miR-103a was found to target and downregulate HNF4A. Exosomal miR-103a promoted inflammation and angiogenesis in mice with RA which was accompanied by an increase in the levels of factors associated with inflammation and angiogenesis. However, an opposite trend was observed upon HNF4A elevation. Exosomal miR-103a was also found to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, exosomal miR-103a inhibited the expression of HNF4A to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby exacerbating RA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - M H Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - W W Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Y A Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - W Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Wang ZH, Qi SG, Zhang H, Mao PX, He YL, Li J, Xiao SY, Peng HM, Sun WW, Guo HY, Liu M. [Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on anxiety among the elderly in community]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3179-3185. [PMID: 33142403 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200720-02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the prevalence of anxiety among old people before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, and to provide scientific evidence for psychological intervention of the elderly during public health emergencies. Methods: In 2019, the National Psychological Care Project for the Elderly was launched, covering 818 communities across the country, and 188 407 subjects received psychological assessment. In April and May 2020, a convenient sample of 6 467 aged 65 and above subjects were followed up on the anxiety status and its influencing factors during the epidemic period by using structurized questionnaire. Data collection and management were carried out using the national elderly psychological care project data collection platform. McNemar test was used to compare the difference of the prevalence of anxiety among elderly before (October 2019 to January 23, 2020) and during the epidemic (April-May 2020). The difference of the prevalence of anxiety among elderly with different characteristics was compared by chi square test. The influencing factors of anxiety before and during the epidemic situation were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the elderly population was 4.95% (95%CI: 4.42%-5.48%) before the outbreak of COVID-19, and 10.10% (95%CI: 9.36%-10.83%) during the epidemic which was twice as high as before the outbreak. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of anxiety symptoms before the outbreak were with one underlying disease (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.05-2.37), with two or more underlying diseases (OR=3.10, 95%CI: 2.13-4.51), and the protective factors were with hobbies, good relationship between children, good relationship with spouse, positive aging attitude and good psychological resilience (all P<0.05). The risk factors of developing anxiety symptoms during the epidemic were living in rural areas (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.42-2.20), participating in social activities regularly (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.02-1.48), having a good relationship with friends (OR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.11-1.82) and were quarantined or people around were quarantined for medical observation (OR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.90-4.13). Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic leads to a double increase in anxiety among the elderly. We should pay more attention to the psychological state of the elderly in rural area and who is being quarantined or people around being quarantined for medical observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S G Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - H Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - P X Mao
- Department of Geriatrics of Beijing Anding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Y L He
- Department of Psychiatry at Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - S Y Xiao
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - H M Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - W W Sun
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H Y Guo
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Ageing and Health of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100044, China
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Sun WW, Zhang L, Gu MM, Zhang YQ, Qiu CM, Da Q. [Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type: clinicopathological analysis of six cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020; 49:343-347. [PMID: 32268671 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20190720-00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland(GA-FG). Methods: A total of 6 patients with GA-FG admitted from January 2014 to May 2019 were identified at Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital.Analyzed endoscopic findings, pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining of the lesions and reviewed relevant literatures. Results: Among the 6 patients, 3 were male, 3 were female, and the mean age was 66 years. The most common clinical presentation was epigastric discomfort. Gastroscopic examination revealed an elevated or flat lesion in the body of the stomach, with a diameter of 0.4 to 1.0 cm. Histopathologically, they mainly composed of main cells, but there were also scattered parietal cells, arranged in an irregular tubular or cord-like structure, and formed anastomosis branches. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for MUC6 and pepsinogen 1. Conclusions: GA-FG is a rare variant of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. It is important to understand its clinical features and histological morphology for more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - M M Gu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Y Q Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - C M Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Q Da
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Sun WW, Krystofiak ES, Leo-Macias A, Cui R, Sesso A, Weigert R, Ebrahim S, Kachar B. Nanoarchitecture and dynamics of the mouse enteric glycocalyx examined by freeze-etching electron tomography and intravital microscopy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:5. [PMID: 31925335 PMCID: PMC6946683 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a highly hydrated, glycoprotein-rich coat shrouding many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The intestinal epithelial glycocalyx, comprising glycosylated transmembrane mucins, is part of the primary host-microbe interface and is essential for nutrient absorption. Its disruption has been implicated in numerous gastrointestinal diseases. Yet, due to challenges in preserving and visualizing its native organization, glycocalyx structure-function relationships remain unclear. Here, we characterize the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx using freeze-etching and electron tomography. Micrometer-long mucin filaments emerge from microvillar-tips and, through zigzagged lateral interactions form a three-dimensional columnar network with a 30 nm mesh. Filament-termini converge into globular structures ~30 nm apart that are liquid-crystalline packed within a single plane. Finally, we assess glycocalyx deformability and porosity using intravital microscopy. We argue that the columnar network architecture and the liquid-crystalline packing of the filament termini allow the glycocalyx to function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents. Sun, Krystofiak et al. show the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx, glycoprotein-rich coat covering cells and assess its porosity and deformability in mice, providing a comprehensive structural framework. This study suggests that the glycocalyx may function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy W Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Evan S Krystofiak
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alejandra Leo-Macias
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Runjia Cui
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antonio Sesso
- Sector of Structural Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403, Brazil
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Cao LM, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Sun WW, Mu G, Chen WH. [Impacts of airborne particulate matter and its components on respiratory system health]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 50:1114-1118. [PMID: 28057119 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, particulate air pollution has been a global environmental problem. Numerous studies has shown that long-term exposure to high level of airborne particulate matter (PM) can damage human health. Respiratory system, as a direct portal to contact with particulate matter, can be more susceptible to airborne particulates. Summarizing latest five-year epidemiological research, the present review is focused on the effects of PM on respiratory system health in different age groups. In detail, we investigated the harmful effect of PM, or its components on three common respiratory diseases, including lung function decline, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The result showed that, to a certain degree, PM could induce the decline of lung function, the development and the exacerbation of COPD and asthma by oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. And it may prompt that exposure to PM can be an improtant risk factor for the respiratory system health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Wang ZH, Sun WW, Han YL, Ma Z. Effects of sodium lactate Ringer's injection on transfection of human protein kinase C-α antisense oligonucleotide in A549 lung cancer cells. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7650. [PMID: 27706607 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15037650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of four solutions [Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), sodium lactate Ringer's injection (SLRI), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and NaCl] on the transfection of the human protein kinase C-a antisense oligonucleotide (PKC-a ASO) aprinocarsen in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Specifically, SLRI, DMEM, PBS, or NaCl were used as the growth solutions for A549 cells, and OPTI-MEM was used as the PKC-a ASO diluent for transfection. Additionally, SLRI, DMEM, PBS, or NaCl were used as both the growth solutions and diluents for transfection. The cell viability and transfection efficiency were determined. The results demonstrated that when SLRI was used as either the growth solution or both the growth solution and diluent for aprinocarsen transfection in A549 cells, the effects were close to the best effects observed with DMEM as the growth solution and OPTI-MEM as the diluent, which supported the transfection of aprinocarsen into the cells. Moreover, SLRI resulted in higher transfection efficiency than those of PBS and NaCl. In in vitro experiments, aprinocarsen effectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells. In conclusion, SLRI may replace PBS or NaCl in clinical trials as a transfection solution readily accepted by the human body. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the use of SLRI as a transfection solution in lung-cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - W W Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Y L Han
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of People's Liberation Army, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Z Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Mulvaney JF, Thompkins C, Noda T, Nishimura K, Sun WW, Lin SY, Coffin A, Dabdoub A. Kremen1 regulates mechanosensory hair cell development in the mammalian cochlea and the zebrafish lateral line. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31668. [PMID: 27550540 PMCID: PMC4994024 DOI: 10.1038/srep31668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present spatio-temporal localization of Kremen1, a transmembrane receptor, in the mammalian cochlea, and investigate its role in the formation of sensory organs in mammal and fish model organisms. We show that Kremen1 is expressed in prosensory cells during cochlear development and in supporting cells of the adult mouse cochlea. Based on this expression pattern, we investigated whether Kremen1 functions to modulate cell fate decisions in the prosensory domain of the developing cochlea. We used gain and loss-of-function experiments to show that Kremen1 is sufficient to bias cells towards supporting cell fate, and is implicated in suppression of hair cell formation. In addition to our findings in the mouse cochlea, we examined the effects of over expression and loss of Kremen1 in the zebrafish lateral line. In agreement with our mouse data, we show that over expression of Kremen1 has a negative effect on the number of mechanosensory cells that form in the zebrafish neuromasts, and that fish lacking Kremen1 protein develop more hair cells per neuromast compared to wild type fish. Collectively, these data support an inhibitory role for Kremen1 in hair cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Mulvaney
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Cathrine Thompkins
- College of Arts and Sciences and Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Teppei Noda
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Koji Nishimura
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Willy W Sun
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shuh-Yow Lin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allison Coffin
- College of Arts and Sciences and Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Ma Z, Sun WW, Wang X. Hydrogen peroxide enhances the uptake of polyethylenimine/oligonucleotide complexes in A549 cells by activating CaMKII independent of [Ca(2+)]c elevation. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:2914-21. [PMID: 24634301 DOI: 10.4238/2014.february.21.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol oligonucleotide therapy has vast potential in pulmonary system diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in complex physiological processes such as cell signaling, apoptosis, etc. Therefore, to determine the mechanism of ROS involvement in polyethylenimine/oligonucleotide (PEI/ON) endocytosis in cells, we measured the fluorescence intensities of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled ON complexes with PEI and the changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) in A549 cells after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation. Results showed that improved uptake of PEI/ON complexes was independent of the rise of [Ca(2+)]c in A549 cells, including the Ca(2+) inflow and the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores induced by 500 μM H2O2. However, the enhanced uptake efficiency was almost completely abolished by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor and the microtube depolymerized drug. CaMKII-dependent microtube polymerization may be responsible for the enhanced uptake of PEI/ON complexes in A549 cells under oxidative stress conditions. This study is useful for research aimed at improving aerosol oligonucleotide therapy in pulmonary system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - W W Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Mulvaney JF, Yatteau A, Sun WW, Jacques B, Takubo K, Suda T, Yamada W, Dabdoub A. Secreted factor R-Spondin 2 is involved in refinement of patterning of the mammalian cochlea. Dev Dyn 2013. [PMID: 23192966 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the cochlea, patterning of the organ of Corti is tightly regulated to produce a single row of sound-detecting inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells, which amplify and refine the signal. The recently identified R-Spondin family of signaling molecules usually act as co-activators of Wnt signaling; it is thought that they regulate turnover of Wnt receptors at the membrane. We sought to test whether R-Spondins function in the developing cochlea. RESULTS Expression analysis of all four members of the R-Spondin family showed that only R-Spondin2 (Rspo2) is expressed in the cochlea during development of the sensory epithelium. Examination of an Rspo2(-/-) mouse showed that loss of Rspo2 results in an additional single row of outer hair cells and disruption of peripheral innervation pattern. Addition of Rspo2 recombinant protein to organotypic cochlear cultures resulted in a small but significant decrease in the number of outer hair cells. CONCLUSIONS Rspo2 is required to limit the number of outer hair cells to three rows and for optimal arrangement of peripheral nerve fibers. The Rspo2 gain- and loss-of-function studies show that in the ear, Rspo2 function is not consistent with its assigned role as a Wnt potentiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Mulvaney
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Macheda ML, Sun WW, Kugathasan K, Hogan BM, Bower NI, Halford MM, Zhang YF, Jacques BE, Lieschke GJ, Dabdoub A, Stacker SA. The Wnt receptor Ryk plays a role in mammalian planar cell polarity signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29312-23. [PMID: 22773843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.362681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are essential for a wide range of developmental processes, including cell growth, division, and differentiation. Some of these processes signal via the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which is a β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that Ryk, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, can bind to Wnts. Ryk is required for normal axon guidance and neuronal differentiation during development. Here, we demonstrate that mammalian Ryk interacts with the Wnt/PCP pathway. In vitro analysis showed that the Wnt inhibitory factor domain of Ryk was necessary for Wnt binding. Detailed analysis of two vertebrate model organisms showed Ryk phenotypes consistent with PCP signaling. In zebrafish, gene knockdown using morpholinos revealed a genetic interaction between Ryk and Wnt11 during the PCP pathway-regulated process of embryo convergent extension. Ryk-deficient mouse embryos displayed disrupted polarity of stereociliary hair cells in the cochlea, a characteristic of disturbed PCP signaling. This PCP defect was also observed in mouse embryos that were double heterozygotes for Ryk and Looptail (containing a mutation in the core Wnt/PCP pathway gene Vangl2) but not in either of the single heterozygotes, suggesting a genetic interaction between Ryk and Vangl2. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that RYK and VANGL2 proteins form a complex, whereas RYK also activated RhoA, a downstream effector of PCP signaling. Overall, our data suggest an important role for Ryk in Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling during vertebrate development via the Vangl2 signaling pathway, as demonstrated in the mouse cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Macheda
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Fan JB, Tang JX, Gu NF, Feng GY, Zou FG, Xing YL, Shi JG, Zhao SM, Zhu SM, Ji LP, Sun WW, Zheng YL, Liu WQ, Breen G, St Clair D, He L. A family-based and case-control association study of the NOTCH4 gene and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7:100-3. [PMID: 11803454 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2001] [Revised: 04/13/2001] [Accepted: 04/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently a strong positive association between schizophrenia and Notch4 has been reported. Both individual markers and haplotypes showed association with the disease, with five markers (three microsatellites and two SNPs) being tested. In order to test this finding we genotyped these markers in the Han Chinese population using a sample of 544 cases and 621 controls as well as >300 trios. Analysis of allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies in both samples showed no association between the markers and the disease. Our results would indicate that a significant role for the Notch4 gene in schizophrenia can be ruled out in the Han Chinese. However, similar studies are necessary in the Caucasian population as linkage disequilibrium arrangements and founder effects may differ between these two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Fan
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Abstract
Binding of highly purified 125I labeled M and L antibodies, both belonging to the immunoglobulin G class, was studied in high potassium (HK) and low potassium (LK) sheep red cells. Anti-M and anti-L bound specifically to M and L antigen positive HK and LK red cells, respectively. Nonspecific binding was higher for anti-L to HK cells than for anti-M to LK cells. Once bound, the M and L antibodies were capable of inducing complement dependent immune hemolysis. Only 75-100 and 500-750 molecules of anti-M and anti-L immunoglobulins were required to hemolyze 50% of HK (MM) and LK (LL) red cells, respectively, suggesting that the M and L antigens may be clustered on the surfaces of these cells. Equilibrium binding studies revealed that the maximum number of M sites is 3-6 x 10(3) in HK (MM) and 1.5-4 x 10(3) in LK (LM) cells, respectively. In comparison, the number of L antigens is slightly lower in LK cells, about 1.2-1.8 x 10(3) in LL and less in LM(LK) red cells. The number of M and L antigens, therefore, is more than an order of magnitude larger than that of the Na+K+ pumps measured previously in these cells by 3H-ouabain binding, thus precluding a quantitative correlation between M and L antigens and the Na+K+ pumps different in the three genetic types of sheep red cells. The binding affinities of both anti-M and anti-L could not be described by a single equilibrium dissociation constant indicating heterogeneous antibody populations and /or variability in the antigenic sets of individual HK or LK cells. The pronounced heterogeneity of antigens and/or antibodies in both the M and L systems was reflected in the antibody association kinetics, which also exhibited a remarkable temperature dependence. The data suggest that the correlation between the M and L antigens and the Na+K+ pump molecules is more complex than that in goat red cells previously reported by others.
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