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Mendes Correa MC, Leal FE, Villas Boas LS, Witkin SS, de Paula A, Tozetto Mendonza TR, Ferreira NE, Curty G, de Carvalho PS, Buss LF, Costa SF, da Cunha Carvalho FM, Kawakami J, Taniwaki NN, Paiao H, da Silva Bizário JC, de Jesus JG, Sabino EC, Romano CM, Grepan RMZ, Sesso A. Prolonged presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in mildly symptomatic individuals: A report of two cases. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5603-5607. [PMID: 33851749 PMCID: PMC8250959 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that individuals with COVID-19 can shed replication-competent virus up to a maximum of 20 days after initiation of symptoms. The majority of studies that addressed this situation involved hospitalized individuals and those with severe disease. Studies to address the possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 during the different phases of COVID-19 disease in mildly infected individuals, and utilization of viral culture techniques to identify replication-competent viruses, have been limited. This report describes two patients with mild forms of the disease who shed replication-competent virus for 24 and 37 days, respectively, after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Mendes Correa
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fabio E. Leal
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do SulSão Caetano do SulSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto Nacional do Cancer Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Lucy S. Villas Boas
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anderson de Paula
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Tania R. Tozetto Mendonza
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Noely E. Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gislaine Curty
- Instituto Nacional do Cancer Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Lewis F. Buss
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Silvia F. Costa
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Flavia M. da Cunha Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Joyce Kawakami
- Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Heuder Paiao
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Joao C. da Silva Bizário
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do SulSão Caetano do SulSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jaqueline G. de Jesus
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Camila M. Romano
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Regina M. Z. Grepan
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do SulSão Caetano do SulSão PauloBrazil
| | - Antonio Sesso
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Sun WW, Krystofiak ES, Leo-Macias A, Cui R, Sesso A, Weigert R, Ebrahim S, Kachar B. Nanoarchitecture and dynamics of the mouse enteric glycocalyx examined by freeze-etching electron tomography and intravital microscopy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:5. [PMID: 31925335 PMCID: PMC6946683 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a highly hydrated, glycoprotein-rich coat shrouding many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The intestinal epithelial glycocalyx, comprising glycosylated transmembrane mucins, is part of the primary host-microbe interface and is essential for nutrient absorption. Its disruption has been implicated in numerous gastrointestinal diseases. Yet, due to challenges in preserving and visualizing its native organization, glycocalyx structure-function relationships remain unclear. Here, we characterize the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx using freeze-etching and electron tomography. Micrometer-long mucin filaments emerge from microvillar-tips and, through zigzagged lateral interactions form a three-dimensional columnar network with a 30 nm mesh. Filament-termini converge into globular structures ~30 nm apart that are liquid-crystalline packed within a single plane. Finally, we assess glycocalyx deformability and porosity using intravital microscopy. We argue that the columnar network architecture and the liquid-crystalline packing of the filament termini allow the glycocalyx to function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents. Sun, Krystofiak et al. show the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx, glycoprotein-rich coat covering cells and assess its porosity and deformability in mice, providing a comprehensive structural framework. This study suggests that the glycocalyx may function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy W Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Evan S Krystofiak
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alejandra Leo-Macias
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Runjia Cui
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antonio Sesso
- Sector of Structural Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403, Brazil
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Sesso A, Yamashiro-Kanashiro EH, Arruda LB, Kawakami J, Higuchi MDL, Orii NM, Taniwaki NN, Carvalho FMDC, Brito MP, Gottardi M, Carneiro SM, Taga R. Bacteria arise at the border of mycoplasma-infected HeLa cells, containing cytoplasm with either malformed cytosol, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum or tightly adjoined smooth vacuoles. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e84. [PMID: 29267592 PMCID: PMC5738769 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A study with transmission electron microscopy of mycoplasma-contaminated HeLa cells using five cell donors referred to as donors A, B, C, D and E, observations are herein presented. Experiments performed with cells from donors B, C and D, revealed the presence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis after PCR and sequencing experiments. Bacteria probably originated from a cytoplasm with compacted tiny granular particles replacing the normal cytosol territories, or from the contact with the cytoplasm through a clear semi-solid material. The compact granularity (CG) of the cytoplasm was crossed by stripes of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Among apparently normal mitochondria, it was noted, in variable proportions, mitochondria with crista-delimited lucent central regions that expand to and occupied the interior of a crista-less organelle, which can undergo fission. Other components of the scenarios of mycoplasma-induced cell demolition are villus-like structures with associated 80-200 nm vesicles and a clear, flexible semi-solid, process-sensitive substance that we named jam-like material. This material coated the cytoplasmic surface, its recesses, irregular protrusions and detached cytoplasmic fragments. It also cushioned forming bacteria. Cyst-like structures were often present in the cytoplasm. Cells, mainly apoptotic, exhibiting ample cytoplasmic sectors with characteristic net-like profile due to adjoined vacuoles, as well as ovoid or elongated profiles, consistently appeared in all cells from the last four cell donors. These cells were named “modified host cells” because bacteria arose in the vacuoles. The possibility that, in some samples, there was infection and/or coinfection of the host cell by another organism(s) cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sesso
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Imunopatologia - LIM-06, Setor de Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edite Hatsumi Yamashiro-Kanashiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Imunologia, LIM-48, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liã Bárbara Arruda
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências - LIM- 56, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Kawakami
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração, Setor de Estudo da Inflamação, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Higuchi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração, Setor de Estudo da Inflamação, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemia Mie Orii
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências - LIM- 56, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Mendes da Cunha Carvalho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Imunopatologia - LIM-06, Setor de Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Pereira Brito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Imunopatologia - LIM-06, Setor de Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Gottardi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Imunopatologia - LIM-06, Setor de Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rumio Taga
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Disciplinas de Histologia e Embriologia, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sesso A, Yamashiro-Kanashiro EH, Orii NM, Taniwaki NN, Kawakami J, Carneiro SM. Loose and compact agglomerates of 50 nm microvesicles derived from Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum membranes in pre- and in -apoptotic Mycoplasma infected HeLa cells: host-parasite interactions under the transmission electron microscope. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 57:89-91. [PMID: 25651334 PMCID: PMC4325531 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sesso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT) de São Paulo
| | | | - Noemia Mie Orii
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiência IMT de São Paulo
| | | | - Joyce Kawakami
- Setor de Estudo da Inflamação, Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Sylvia Mendes Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Butantan de São Paulo Sponsored by FAPESP (Proc
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Sesso A, Belizário JE, Marques MM, Higuchi ML, Schumacher RI, Colquhoun A, Ito E, Kawakami J. Mitochondrial swelling and incipient outer membrane rupture in preapoptotic and apoptotic cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:1647-59. [PMID: 22907871 PMCID: PMC3549475 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) rupture was first noted in isolated mitochondria in which the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) had lost its selective permeability. This phenomenon referred to as mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) refers to a permeabilized inner membrane that originates a large swelling in the mitochondrial matrix, which distends the outer membrane until it ruptures. Here, we have expanded previous electron microscopic observations that in apoptotic cells, OMM rupture is not caused by a membrane stretching promoted by a markedly swollen matrix. It is shown that the widths of the ruptured regions of the OMM vary from 6 to 250 nm. Independent of the perforation size, herniation of the mitochondrial matrix appeared to have resulted in pushing the IMM through the perforation. A large, long focal herniation of the mitochondrial matrix, covered with the IMM, was associated with a rupture of the OMM that was as small as 6 nm. Contextually, the collapse of the selective permeability of the IMM may precede or follow the release of the mitochondrial proteins of the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. When the MPT is a late event, exit of the intermembrane space proteins to the cytoplasm is unimpeded and occurs through channels that transverse the outer membrane, because so far, the inner membrane is impermeable. No channel within the outer membrane can expose to the cytoplasm a permeable inner membrane, because it would serve as a conduit for local herniation of the mitochondrial matrix. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sesso
- Setor de Biologia Estrutural, Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Val-Sella MV, Sesso A. Morphometric Evaluation of the Number of Gonadotrophic Cells of the Teleost Rhamdia hilarii in the Maturation, Mature and Spent Stages of the Gonadal Cycle. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duarte MIS, de Andrade HF, Takamura CFH, Sesso A, Tuon FF. TGF-beta and mesenchymal hepatic involvement after visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2008; 104:1129-36. [PMID: 19057926 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver involvement in the human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been related to parasitism and activated Kupffer cells with further occasional fibrotic alterations, especially after long-term disease without treatment. However, fibrotic alterations have been reported after therapy, whose clinical finding is the persistence of hepatomegaly. Fibrotic involvement of the liver after therapy was never well understood, and the aim of this study was to evaluate this finding through ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. A case-control study was performed with 20 patients (15 cases and five controls). Cases included patients with persistent hepatomegaly (residual) after treatment of VL submitted to liver biopsy to exclude other causes of liver enlargement, including serum tests of viral hepatitis. The material was evaluated by electron microscopy allowing ultrastructural with morphometric analysis of medium portion of hepatic lobule. Narrow sinusoidal lumen and prominent Kupffer cells were found with insignificant alterations of hepatocytes, pit, and endothelial cells. On ultrastructural analysis, the enlargement of the space of Disse was due to fibrous collagen, increase of number of Ito cells, and nonfibrous extracellular matrix that were associated with Kupffer cells enlargement. Immunohistochemistry showed an intense expression of TGF-beta in patients with VL. These findings suggest a production of TGF-beta by Kupffer cells that resulted in the characteristic fibrotic involvement of the liver. Residual hepatomegaly in visceral leishmaniasis could result from sustained Kupffer cell activation with perihepatocytic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Irma Seixas Duarte
- Laboratory of the Discipline of Pathology of Transmissible Disease, University of Sao Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Dr.Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Belizário JE, Alves J, Occhiucci JM, Garay-Malpartida M, Sesso A. A mechanistic view of mitochondrial death decision pores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 40:1011-24. [PMID: 17665037 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria increase their outer and inner membrane permeability to solutes, protons and metabolites in response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic signaling events. The maintenance of cellular and intraorganelle ionic homeostasis, particularly for Ca2+, can determine cell survival or death. Mitochondrial death decision is centered on two processes: inner membrane permeabilization, such as that promoted by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, formed across inner membranes when Ca2+ reaches a critical threshold, and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, in which the pro-apoptotic proteins BID, BAX, and BAK play active roles. Membrane permeabilization leads to the release of apoptogenic proteins: cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor, Smac/Diablo, HtrA2/Omi, and endonuclease G. Cytochrome c initiates the proteolytic activation of caspases, which in turn cleave hundreds of proteins to produce the morphological and biochemical changes of apoptosis. Voltage-dependent anion channel, cyclophilin D, adenine nucleotide translocase, and the pro-apoptotic proteins BID, BAX, and BAK may be part of the molecular composition of membrane pores leading to mitochondrial permeabilization, but this remains a central question to be resolved. Other transporting pores and channels, including the ceramide channel, the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel, as well as a non-specific outer membrane rupture may also be potential release pathways for these apoptogenic factors. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic models by which reactive oxygen species and caspases, via structural and conformational changes of membrane lipids and proteins, promote conditions for inner/outer membrane permeabilization, which may be followed by either opening of pores or a rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Belizário
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sesso A, Marques MM, Monteiro MMT, Schumacher RI, Colquhoun A, Belizário J, Konno SN, Felix TB, Botelho LAA, Santos VZC, Da Silva GR, Higuchi MDL, Kawakami JT. Morphology of mitochondrial permeability transition: morphometric volumetry in apoptotic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 281:1337-51. [PMID: 15532021 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), which refers to the morphology of mitochondria whose inner membrane has lost its selective permeability. In all types of apoptotic cells so far examined, we found outer mitochondrial membranes that had been ruptured. These mitochondria present a swollen matrix covered by an inner membrane herniating into the cytoplasm through the breached outer membrane. Similarly ruptured outer mitochondrial membranes have been reported in studies on mitochondrial fractions induced to undergo MPT, carried out by others. Our observations were made on five types of rat tissue cells and six different cultured cell lines in the early stages of apoptosis. Samples from the cell lines HL-60, HeLa, WEHI-164, and a special batch of PC-12 cells were subjected to various apoptogenic agents and analyzed morphometrically. Nonapoptotic companion cells with unaltered nuclear structure (CUNS) were also analyzed. The mitochondrial volume in microm(3) and the volume fraction of the cytoplasm occupied by mitochondria in cells with typical nuclear signs of apoptosis and also in CUNS were evaluated. The volume of the mitochondria with ruptured membrane represents at least 69% (47-89%) of the total mitochondrial volume of the apoptotic cells. Thus, a considerable fraction of the cellular mitochondrial mass is or was in the state of permeability transition and probably involved in enhancement of the apoptotic program. In all samples, a fraction of the cells with normal nuclei possessed mitochondria with breached outer membranes as described above. In these cells, MPT occurred before the appearance of the typical nuclear phenotype of the apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sesso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500 Prédio II 2o andar, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The morphological maturation of the acinar cells of the guinea pig pancreas during post-natal development was characterized morphometrically by determining the intracytoplasmic accumulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and zymogen granules. The following results were obtained for the period analysed, i.e., from 2 to 70 days of post-natal life: (a) the acinar cell volume increased by 210% (P < 0.01); (b) the mostly cisternal RER occupied more than 30% of the cytoplasm at any age studied and their total volume and surface in the cell were increased by 300 and 534% (P < 0.01), respectively; (c) maturation in the morphological pattern of the RER was observed; (d) the mean number of zymogen granules per cell increased from 261 at 2 days to 422 at 70 days (P < 0.01), while their mean diameter increased from 0.52 to 0.94 micron (P < 0.01) during the same period; (e) these increases in granule number and size were responsible for a 500% (P < 0.01) increase in total volume from 2 to 70 days and for a 304% increase (P < 0.01) in total surface from 2 to 35 days; (f) the RER and the zymogen granules together occupied 44, 54, 55 and 57% of the cytoplasm at 2, 14, 35 and 70 days of age, respectively. We conclude that although the pancreatic acinar cells of the guinea pig are morphologically well differentiated at 2 days of age, with the cytoplasm already showing a large amount of RER and zymogen granules, they are still immature. Morphological maturation of the acinar cell occurs during the first months of post-natal life and is characterized by a substantial gain in cell volume and intracytoplasmic accumulation of RER and zymogen granules, which significantly increase of both their absolute volume and total surface, with a higher growth rate being observed during the period from 2 to 14 days of post-natal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F de Assis
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas-Histologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75, CEP-17.012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Carneiro SM, Assakura MT, Barrence FAC, Cardoso SRT, de Martins Camargo AC, Sesso A. Immunolocalization of venom metalloproteases in venom glands of adult and of newborn snakes of Bothrops jararaca. Tissue Cell 2002; 34:381-9. [PMID: 12441090 DOI: 10.1016/s004081660200068x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using immunoelectronmicroscopy we analyzed qualitative and quantitatively the intracellular distribution of bothropasin, hemorrhagic factor 2 (HF2) and hemorrhagic factor 3 (HF3) in the venom secretory cells from adult snakes in the active (7 days after venom extraction) and in the resting (without venom extraction for 40 days) stages of protein synthesis. Glands from the newborn Bothrops jararaca were also studied. The results lead to the conclusion that all the secretory cells and the secretory pathway in the cells are qualitatively alike in regard to their content of the three metalloproteases. Secretory cells from the resting glands, unlike the active ones and the newborn glands, did not present immunolabeling in the narrow intracisternal spaces of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The label intensity for bothropasin was greater than that for the other proteins in the adults. HF3 and HF2 labeling densities in the newborn were higher than in the adults and HF3 labeling was not different from that of bothropasin. Co-localization of the three metalloproteases was detected in the RER cisternae of the active gland secretory cells, implying that mixing of the proteases before co-packaging into secretory vesicles occurs at the beginning of protein synthesis in the RER cisternae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mendes Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, SP 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Castuma CE, Sesso A, Schreier S. Bilayer structure and stability in dihexadecyl phosphate dispersions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100166a080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Calore NMP, Calore EE, Sesso A, Correia H, Marcondes MCSL, Vilela de Almeida L. Distribution of COX-negative mitochondria in myofibers of rats intoxicated with Senna occidentalis seeds. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2002; 34:227-31. [PMID: 12117285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We have described that administration of seeds or parts of the seed of Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) for long periods, induces histochemical changes in the skeletal muscles of hens and rats that are characteristic of a mitochondrial myopathy--as decrease of SDH and COX activity, with some COX negative fibers. In this experimental model of mitochondrial myopathy, as in many human mitochondrial diseases, there is a random distribution of COX negative fibers. Some fibers are completely COX negative while others are partially negative and others are completely positive. In the present work we have studied the distribution of COX negative mitochondria at transmission electron microscopy in skeletal muscle of rats in this experimental myopathy. In myofibers of intoxicated animals the expression of COX was heterogeneous. The histochemical reaction was observed in the internal membrane (more evident in mitochondrial cristae) of all mitochondria of some myofibers, while it was almost absent in other myofibers. In these myofibers the great part of the mitochondria were negative for COX reaction while other ones had a weak expression of this enzyme (dot or focal expression of COX). Our results indicated that the COX mitochondrial activity is heterogeneously impaired in myofibers of rats intoxicated with S. occidentalis. These abnormalities remember those observed in some types of human mitochondrial myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M P Calore
- Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Fujihara CK, Arcos-Fajardo M, Brandão De Almeida Prado E, José Brandão De Almeida Prado M, Sesso A, Zatz R. Enhanced glomerular permeability to macromolecules in the Nagase analbuminemic rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 282:F45-50. [PMID: 11739111 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2002.282.1.f45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma albumin restricts capillary water filtration. Accordingly, the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient is higher in Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) than in Sprague-Dawley controls. We investigated whether the glomerular permeability to macromolecules is also enhanced in NAR. SDS-PAGE fractionation of urine proteins showed several bands with molecular masses between 60 and 90 kDa in NAR only. Acute administration of BSA to NAR led to nearly complete disappearance of these proteins from urine, an effect partially reversed when most of the exogenous albumin was cleared from circulation. The fractional clearance of 70-kDa dextran was increased in NAR, indicating a size defect. Binding of cationized ferritin to the glomerular basement membrane was decreased in NAR, suggesting associated depletion of fixed anions. The magnitude of cationic ferritin binding correlated negatively with the fractional clearance of 70-kDa dextran, suggesting that the two abnormalities may share a common pathogenic mechanism. Collectively, these results suggest enhanced glomerular permeability to macromolecules in NAR. Albumin may be necessary to maintain the normal glomerular permselectivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
The growth kinetics of different cell populations in the rat parotid was studied. The evolution of the frequency and absolute number of each cell type was determined morphometrically by a particle-counting method and the evolution of the [(3)H]thymidine labeling indices of the same cell types was determined by autoradiography. The data obtained for the evolution of cell number in each gland compartment, i.e. acini, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and stroma, were adjusted by exponential equations, permitting estimation of the effective cell accumulation rate in the compartment for each population, i.e. the mean population duplication time (T(D)). In addition, the cell production rate in each gland compartment was determined using the mean labeling index for the period studied and a mathematical estimation of the mean cell generation time (T(G)), assuming an exponential growth pattern for the acinar, intercalated duct and striated duct populations during the period from 5 to 20 days of postnatal development. Analysis of the relation between effective cell accumulation (T(D)) and presumed cell production (labeling index and T(G)) for each intralobular parenchymal compartment of the rat parotid during this period suggests that the proliferative activity of the acinar cell population was sufficient to guarantee marked growth of its compartment and provided cells that presumably dedifferentiated into intercalated duct cells, whereas cells produced in the intercalated duct compartment migrated to, and differentiated into, cells of the striated duct compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taga
- Laboratory of Histology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Carneiro SM, Fernandes W, Della Casa MS, Sesso A. Cytochemical analysis of acid phosphatase activity in the venom secretory cells of Bothrops jararaca. Tissue Cell 2001; 33:311-7. [PMID: 11521945 DOI: 10.1054/tice.2000.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A study of the histochemical reaction for acid phosphatase (AcPase) in venom gland secretory cells from Bothrops jararaca was done to investigate the distribution of lysosomes and related structures in stages of high- and low-protein synthesis. From this analysis, it was expected to gain insight into the cellular pathway by which AcPase is secreted into the venom. Two subtypes of AcPase reactivities were detected in the venom gland secretory cells: one was found in lysosomes and related structures and in some trans-Golgi network (TGN) elements and reacts with beta-glycerophosphate (betaGP) as substrate; the other was found in secretory vesicles, apical plasmalemma, lysosomes and related structures, and in some TGN elements, and reacts with cytidine monophosphate (CMP). The results are compatible with the possibility that there is a secretory via for AcPase in the venom gland of B. jararaca and that the elements composing this pathway are noted only when CMP is used as substrate. Large autophagosomes reactive to both betaGP and to CMP were commonly observed in the basal region of the secretory cells, and they were more abundant in the glands during the stage of low activity of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Carneiro
- Instituto Butantan Laboratório de Biologia Celular, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
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18
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Castilho LN, Oliveira HC, Cazita PM, de Oliveira AC, Sesso A, Quintão EC. Oxidation of LDL enhances the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer rate to HDL, bringing on a diminished net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to oxidized LDL. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 304:99-106. [PMID: 11165204 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a controversial role in atherogenesis by contributing to the net transfer of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester (CE) to the liver via apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins (apoB-LP). We evaluated in vitro the CETP-mediated bidirectional transfer of CE from HDL to the chemically modified pro-atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Acetylated or oxidized (ox) LDL, either unlabeled or [3H]-CE labeled, were incubated with [14C]-CE-HDL in the presence of the lipoprotein-deficient plasma fraction (d>1.21 g/ml) as the source of CETP. The amount of radioactive CE transferred was determined after dextran sulfate/MgCl(2) precipitation of LDL. The results showed a 1.4-2.8-fold lower HDL-CE transfer to acetylated LDL while no effect was observed on the CE transfer to oxidized LDL. However, the reverse transfer rate of [3H]CE-LDL to HDL was 1.4-3.6 times greater when LDL was oxidized than when it was intact. Overall, HDL(2) was better than HDL(3) as donor of CE to native LDL, probably reflecting the relatively greater CE content of HDL(2). Oxidation of LDL enhanced the CETP-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer rate to HDL, bringing on a reduced net transfer rate of cholesteryl ester from HDL to ox LDL. This may diminish the oxLDL particle's atherogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Castilho
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Barbas-Filho JV, Ferreira MA, Sesso A, Kairalla RA, Carvalho CR, Capelozzi VL. Evidence of type II pneumocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IFP)/usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). J Clin Pathol 2001; 54:132-8. [PMID: 11215282 PMCID: PMC1731356 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.54.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)/usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), a chronic and incurable human respiratory disease, is not well established. This study was designed to investigate whether the apoptosis of type II pneumocytes could be the precipitating factor in the pathogenesis of IPF. METHODS Nineteen specimens obtained by retrospective review of the medical and pathological records of 55 patients with IPF, four normal subjects, and 10 disease control lungs were analysed. The selected specimens had normal alveoli with intervening patchy scarring of the lung parenchyma, fulfilling the pathological criteria for UIP. To identify individual cells undergoing apoptosis in the normal alveoli, electron microscopy and in situ end labelling of fragmented DNA were performed on paraffin was embedded sections using digoxigenin-11-dUTP and the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. RESULTS Apoptosis was detected in the normal alveoli of 17 of the 19 patients with IPF/UIP and was absent in the controls. Electron microscopy demonstrated apoptotic changes in type II pneumocytes. These results indicate that apoptotic type II pneumocyte death occurs in normal alveoli of IPF/UIP and could be the principal cause of several events that account for the histological, clinical, and functional alterations seen in IPF/UIP. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, numerous type II pneumocytes from the normal alveoli of most patients with IPF/UIP actively undergo programmed cell death. This finding may shed new light on the pathogenesis of this disease, with implications mainly for the treatment of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Barbas-Filho
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, CEP 01250-020, Brazil. vcapelozzi@.lim05.fm.usp.br
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20
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Iwamura ES, Nascimento SA, Sesso A. In vitro cytochemical studies of the golgi apparatus of pancreatic acinar cells exposed to drugs that inhibit the transport of membranes and proteins. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2001; 33:83-92. [PMID: 11686413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In a preceding article, we described alterations occurring in rat pancreas acinar cells at successive post-mortem (PM) intervals. In ultra-thin sections from samples obtained from 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, we observed in the Golgi apparatus the appearance of an anomalous membrane bound structure. Such structures are formed by tubules and vesicles that we have called tubular vesicular structure (TVS), and they are frequently located in the position corresponding to the 4th cisterna of the Golgian cisternal pile. Lobules of rat pancreas, incubated in vitro with metabolic inhibitors (such as antimycin A, sodium fluoride, sodium azide and potassium cyanide), were processed in order to be compared with the PM samples of the rat acinar cells. In sliced pieces of lobules, acid phosphatase (AcPase) and tiaminopirophosphatase (TPPase) activity were evaluated. Except for the potassium cyanide treatment, we frequently observed the TVS located at the position corresponding to the 4th cisternae (similar to those observed in the PM acinar cells). These TVS's are predominantly TPPase positive. Based on this result and the fact that the TVS's are surrounded by a membrane (as confirmed by the freeze-fracture replica results) with no structural elements inside, they seem not to correspond to autophagosomes. The TVS's, observed either at PM consecutive times or incubated with metabolic inhibitors, seem to be structures formed in response to ATP deprivation. In 0,5 h PM cells and in cells incubated for 30 and 60 min with metabolic inhibitors, the subcellular structures reacted for AcPase in the rigid lamellae, CV and lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Iwamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Arcos MI, Fujihara CK, Sesso A, de Almeida Prado EB, de Almeida Prado MJ, de Nucci G, Zatz R. Mechanisms of albuminuria in the chronic nitric oxide inhibition model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2000; 279:F1060-6. [PMID: 11097624 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.6.f1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition causes hypertension and renal injury. Concomitant salt overload promotes massive albuminuria. We investigated the mechanisms whereby these treatments impair glomerular permselectivity. Adult male Munich-Wistar rats received either a standard-salt (SS; 0.5% Na) or high-salt (HS; 3.1% Na) diet and either no treatment or the NO inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). At 30 days, albuminuria was moderate, the density of fixed anionic sites at the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), estimated by cationic ferritin binding, declined by approximately 35%, and the fractional clearance of 70-kDa neutral dextran (phi) rose moderately in rats receiving L-NAME and SS. Rats given L-NAME and HS exhibited massive albuminuria, whereas phi was nearly tripled. Depletion of GBM anionic sites was also seen in these rats. The GBM was thickened in both L-NAME-treated groups. These abnormalities were largely reversed after cessation of treatments. These results indicate that chronic L-NAME treatment promotes reversible albuminuria by impairing both glomerular size and charge selectivity. These effects likely reflect functional rather than structural disruption of the glomerular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Arcos
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Calore EE, Weg R, Haraguchi M, Calore NM, Cavaliere MJ, Sesso A. Mitochondrial metabolism impairment in muscle fibres of rats chronically intoxicated with Senna occidentalis seeds. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2000; 52:357-63. [PMID: 10987191 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(00)80063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The chronic administration of S. occidentalis seeds was found to induce a mitochondrial myopathy in hens. This study was undertaken to determine if the chronic treatment with S. occidentalis seeds of rats (as a mammalian model) would induce a mitochondrial myopathy similar to those described in humans and to determine if the histological changes could be correlated with the amount of ingested seeds. Twenty-one days old rats were fed S. occidentalis seeds at different diet concentrations (1, 2, 3%). Rats fed 1% S. occidentalis seeds had only a few COX-negative muscle fibers in the pectoralis major muscle. Rats fed 3% Senna occidentalis seeds had a greater number of COX-negative fibers. Rats fed 2% had an intermediate number of COX-negative fibers. Activity of SDH and NADH-tr were decreased in rats of groups 2% and 3%. Our data indicate that a progressive mitochondrial metabolism impairment can be produced in rats fed S. occidentalis seeds and that this impairment can be correlated with the amount of ingested seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Calore
- Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Brazil.
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23
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Quintilio W, Sato RA, Sant'Anna OA, Esteves MI, Sesso A, de Araujo PS, Bueno da Costa MH. Large unilamellar vesicles as trehalose-stabilised vehicles for vaccines: storage time and in vivo studies. J Control Release 2000; 67:409-13. [PMID: 10825571 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes, as a pharmaceutical formulation must display a long shelf life. The recombinant heat-shock protein from Mycobacterium leprae (18-kDa hsp) or its N-acylated derivative, when entrapped within or externally associated with large unilamellar vesicles, acts as a T-epitope source. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy shows unequivocally that trehalose avoids aggregation and fusion of these vesicles. Formulations containing trehalose retained up to 98% of the entrapped protein. The highest antibody level is obtained with formulations containing trehalose. The adjuvant effect depends on the liposomal membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Quintilio
- Lab. de Microesferas e Lipossomos, C. de Biotecnologia, I. Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, Butantan, Brazil
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24
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de Moraes AM, Cintra ML, Sampaio S de A, Sotto MN, Sesso A. The ultrastructural and histophotometric study of elastic and collagen fibers in type II Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and subclinical forms. Ultrastruct Pathol 2000; 24:129-34. [PMID: 10914423 DOI: 10.1080/01913120050132859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin disorders in type II Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) are characterized by signs of cutaneous hyperdistensibility, skin and vascular fragility, atrophic scars, and articular hypermobility. These features may have less important clinical presentation in the intermediate forms of type II EDS. The authors studied the ultrastructural and quantitative aspects of elastic and collagen fibers in the skin of individuals with subclinical signs of type II of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. A group of 27 individuals (Group I) with large atrophic scars, articular hypermobility of the hands, and cutaneous and vascular fragility were compared with 10 healthy individuals. The subjects from both groups were volunteers from Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. The elastic fibers did not show alterations but collagen ultrastructural abnormalities were seen in diameter and curvature, such as torsion, collagen flower-like aspect and discrete mass enlargement by histophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M de Moraes
- Dermatology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Umekita LF, Carneiro SM, Sesso A, Mota I. One fate of bloodstream trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi after immune clearance: an ultrastructural study. J Parasitol 1999; 85:867-72. [PMID: 10577722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in tissues of mice was studied after immune elimination from circulation. Observations using transmission electron microscopy showed platelet thrombi occluding small vessels in the lung, liver, and spleen, and phagocytosed parasites in different stages of destruction within macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. It is suggested that no particular cell population is a potential effector, but that different cells act in concert to destroy the parasites. The mechanism of this destruction might be related to intra- and extracellular mechanisms with trypanolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Umekita
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
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26
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Umekita LF, Carneiro SM, Sesso A, Mota I. One Fate of Bloodstream Trypomastigote Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi after Immune Clearance: An Ultrastructural Study. J Parasitol 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/3285823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Iwamura ES, Sesso A. Morphological and morphometric studies in pancreatic acinar cells of the rat at successive post-mortem intervals. The early appearance of a previously undescribed Golgi complex associated tubular vesicular structure. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1999; 31:449-58. [PMID: 10626012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Structural alterations in rat pancreatic acinar cells were studied in thin section at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post-mortem (PM). Morphometric analyses were performed both by light and electron microscopy, at 0.5 and 1 h PM. The parameters evaluated were: a) nuclear, cytoplasmic and cellular volumes; b) volume density and absolute volume of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria, zymogen granules (ZG), Golgi complex and its subcompartments [cisternae, condensing vacuole (CV) and 56-nm diameter vesicles], dense bodies (lysosome-like structures, electron-dense vacuoles and unidentifiable granules) and cytoplasmic matrix; c) surface density, surface/volume ratio and total surface area of the RER, mitochondria, ZG, Golgi cisternae, 56-nm diameter vesicles lying at the rough ER-Golgi interface, CV, and apical and basolateral membranes. Between 0.5 and 48 h, the mitochondria were dilated, junctional complexes were preserved and autophagic vacuoles were rare or absent. Flocculent densities were present in the mitochondria and chromatin condensation was observed at 4 h PM. In thin sections from samples obtained between 0.5 and 12 h, we consistently observed a membrane bounded structure formed by tubules and vesicles, designated as a tubular vesicular structure (TVS). These TVS's were observed at positions corresponding to the 4th Golgi cisterna. Fibrillar aggregates and a reduction in the number of 56-nm vesicles on the cis side of the Golgi were seen. Morphometry revealed a 60-70% reduction in the numerical density of the 56-nm vesicles between zero (control) and 0.5 h PM. These analyses also showed a 70% increase in the total volume and 57% increase in the total membrane surface of the Golgi cisternae in the PM period. The current results suggest that during the early PM (0.5 h) there is transport between Golgi compartments, and the 56-nm diameter vesicles fuse with the cisternae.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Iwamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Calore EE, Sesso A, Puga FR, Cavaliere MJ, Calore NM, Weg R. Early expression of ubiquitin in myofibers of rats in organophosphate intoxication. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1999; 43:187-194. [PMID: 10375421 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The degenerative process of the myofibers of the diaphragm of rats intoxicated with the organophosphate isofenphos, a compound that inhibits esterases, was studied at different intervals of intoxication. Early disorganization of the intermyofibrillar network and of the myofilaments, as well as dilatation of organelles, were observed by use of transmission electron microscopy. These changes precede macrophage invasion of the muscle fibers. Early expression of ubiquitin was observed in segments of muscle fibers by immunohistochemistry. Bands of polyubiquitin complexes in muscle homogenates were observed by immunoblotting. These bands disappeared in later stages of intoxication. A 42.5-kDa band corresponds to actin, as observed by immunoblotting using antisarcometric actin. This indicates relatively large amounts of polyubiquitin complex associated with sarcomeric actin in muscle fibers in early stages of intoxication. Based on these results it seems that actin is an important target in organophosphate-induced myofiber degradation and that the degradation of this protein-by the polyubiquitin pathway-may play an important role in the early disorganization of the sarcomere, as observed by electron microscopy. A possible role of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway is that of trying to eliminate proteins modified in the early phases of muscle fiber degeneration, which is a necessary step for regeneration of the posterior segmental muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Calore
- Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School -, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Sesso A, Fujiwara DT, Jaeger M, Jaeger R, Li TC, Monteiro MM, Correa H, Ferreira MA, Schumacher RI, Belisário J, Kachar B, Chen EJ. Structural elements common to mitosis and apoptosis. Tissue Cell 1999; 31:357-71. [PMID: 10481307 DOI: 10.1054/tice.1999.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Both mitotic and apoptotic cells display hypercondensation of the chromatin and loss of the nuclear envelope (Lazebnik et al., 1993). Herein, we describe a third similarity between the two processes. We have observed, initially in apoptotic cells of the PC-12 lineage clusters of 40-60 (approximately 50) nm vesicles adjoined by a minor contingent of tubule vesicular elements of 100-200 nm which are indistinguishable from their vesicular counterparts in mitotic PC-12 cells. The clusters of approximately 50 nm vesicles were subsequently observed in all studied rat tissue cells in apoptosis (plasma cells and macrophages, secretory epithelial cells from pancreatic acini, ventral lobe of prostate and mammary gland). Clusters of approximately 50 nm vesicles comparable to those of the PC-12 cells were found in HeLa cells treated with human alfa TNF, in WEHI-3 cells exposed to VM 26 (a teneposide) (Sesso et al., 1997) and in HL-60 cells treated with thapsigargin. PC-12 and HeLa cells affixed to coverslips were double labelled and examined with the fluorescence microscope to reveal simultaneously the disposition of the chromatin with Hoechst stain and the distribution of the fluorescence of Golgi or of Golgi-associated proteins. A common pattern of fluorescence was observed in a minor proportion of apoptotic cells using three different antibodies used. The label frequently appeared as finely dispersed granules in the cytoplasm. In some apoptotic cells, relatively coarse granules were observed. This pattern of label distribution is compatible with the disposition of vesicular clusters we have encountered in apoptotic PC-12 cells sectioned serially or semi serially. In such sections of both mitotic and apoptotic PC-12 cells, we noticed that the conglomerates of 50 nm vesicles were frequently associated with cisternae of the rough ER. Vesicles of similar size were also noted pinching off from the extremities of Golgi cisternae reduced in size. These cisternae diminish in length and width when they are in the process of disassembling at the very beginning of mitosis and in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sesso
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of São Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Lopasso FP, Rodrigues JG, Alves VA, Iriya K, Sesso A, Laudanna AA, Pinotti HW. Acid secretory response in the late follow-up of proximal gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcer without Helicobacter pylori eradication. Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46:240-4. [PMID: 10228800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The profile of acid secretory responses was studied in 20 patients who had had proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) surgery performed 11-22 years previously in order to treat duodenal ulcers (DU). The presence of Helicobacter pylori was detected in all of the patients. METHODOLOGY The recurrence of DU was diagnosed in 10 patients and the other 10 remained without recurrence during the follow-up period. The control groups included 10 DU patients with refractory responses to H2 receptor antagonists and 10 "normal" subjects. Both control groups had untreated Helicobacter pylori infection. Measures of 1) basal acid output, 2) acid output for 30 min under continuous i.v. infusion of 0.2 ug/kg/h of pentagastrin acid, and 3) the response for 30 and 60 min after starting a sham feeding, modified by the "chew and spit" technique under simultaneous i.v. infusion of 0.2 ug/kg/h of pentagastrin were performed. Serum gastrin was measured during fasting and at sham feeding. The densities of the gastrin cells of antrum and duodenum were estimated by morphometric counting. RESULTS Both basal output and acid response to sham feeding plus pentagastrin infusion were higher in the DU controls and DU recurrence patients. The response to pentagastrin infusion did not show any discriminant value. Fasting serum gastrin values increased after PGV, either with or without DU recurrence. Gastrin cell hyperplasia was not demonstrated in any of these groups. CONCLUSIONS The secretory profile of patients with both late DU recurrence after PGV and Helicobacter pylori infection lies between DU patients refractory to the H2 receptor antagonist approach and those free of DU recurrence after PGV--both of them with current Helicobacter pylori infection. The characteristic pattern of late DU recurrence after PGV and untreated Helicobacter infection is that of increased basal acid output and higher acid secretion responsiveness to sham feeding plus pentagastrin in the presence of higher serum levels of gastrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Lopasso
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, Brazil
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31
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Calore EE, Sesso A, Puga FR, Cavaliere MJ, Calore NM, Weg R. Sarcoplasmic lipase and non-specific esterase inhibition in myofibers of rats intoxicated with the organophosphate isofenphos. Exp Toxicol Pathol 1999; 51:27-33. [PMID: 10048710 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(99)80054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of sarcoplasmic esterases, lipases as well as the lipid content in the myofibers of the diaphragm of rats intoxicated with the organophosphate isofenphos was studied. Lipid accumulation was documented at light, electron microsopic and by morphometric studies. The distribution of these lipid droplets was irregular and abundant in myofibers with numerous mitochondria (predominantly oxidative fibers). Histochemical inhibition of sarcoplasmic esterases and lipases was observed in the intoxicated animals. This sarcoplasmic inhibition of esterases occurs roughly in parallel to the inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity. The inhibition of sarcoplasmic lipases may explain, at least partially, the accumulation of lipids. This inhibition probably makes difficult the use of lipids as fuel, especially in the oxidative fibers. In contrast to the small amount of muscle necrosis, (1.30+/-0.745), metabolic muscle impairment was intense and extensive, i.e., decreased activities of esterases and lipases in the sarcoplasm, that should contribute to muscle weakness. Therefore, because segmental necrosis was most prominent in oxidative fibers (and these fibers use lipids as the principal fuel and contain the greater amount of lipases in the sarcoplasm), it is possible that inhibition of activity of lipases is responsible for the segmental necrosis. Although the exact role of these metabolic changes is not known, it is possible that they contribute not only to the induction and evolution of muscle cell necrosis but also to the muscle weakness and clinical impairment of animals and humans in the acute intoxication by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Calore
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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32
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Abstract
The postnatal development of rat sublingual glands was analyzed by morphometric and radioautographic studies. The absolute number of each cell type was evaluated by the Aherne II morphometric method for cell counting and labeling indices of these cell types were determined in radioautographs from animals injected with 3H-thymidine. The quantitative cell population kinetic studies were accompanied by morphologic analysis of the modifications in each gland structure. The data concerning evolution of number of each cell type were submitted to analysis by least squares fit-exponential curve. The exponential equations duplication times for the acinar, serous demilune, intercalated duct, striated duct and stroma cells from 2 to 30 days of age were 7.5, 9.0, 10.8 and 9.5 days, respectively. On the other hand, the mean labeling indices for the same cell types during the same period were 9.5%, 5.8%, 7.2%, 3.3% and 4.3%, respectively. Thus, the intercalated duct cells exhibited the second highest labeling index and the slowest growth rate, while the striated duct cells showed the lowest labeling index and the third highest duplication time. The fact that the striated duct cell labeling index does not explain the relatively short duplication time of these cells, suggests that cells from other neighboring morphologic compartments, probably from intercalated duct, migrate and differentiate into striated ducts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taga
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Brazil
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33
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Nicastri AL, Brandão de Almeida Prado MJ, Sesso A, Brandão de Almeida Prado EB. Defective proximal tubule lysosomal acidification by Bence Jones proteins. An immunoelectron microscopy study. Exp Nephrol 1998; 6:514-21. [PMID: 9807023 DOI: 10.1159/000020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proximal tubule handling of two human Bence Jones proteins (neutral and acidic BJP) was evaluated using protein A-gold labelling. After 30 min of acute light-chain infusion into 6 rats (alone or in combination with dinitrophenyl-aminopropyl-methylamine [DAMP]), kidney biopsies were processed for immunoelectron microscopy. Antibodies directed at monoclonal lambda light chains, mannose-6-phosphate cation-independent receptor (MPR) and DAMP were used. Labelling density (number of pA-gold particles/micrometer2), expressed as median (25-75 percentiles), differed (p < 0.05) between the two BJP, being 94.5 (32.9-212.5) vs. 19.4 (3.7-45.6) pA-gold/ micrometer2++ in endocytic vacuoles, and 297.3 (207.1-382.1) vs. 83.2 (16. 6-197.0) pA-gold/ micrometer2 in non-vacuolar electrondense endosome-lysosome structures. Labelling density for MPR was 47.7 (22. 2-84.6) vs. 4.0 (2.7-6.3) pA-gold/micrometer2. The area of MPR-labelled structures was also different, i.e.: 0.2 (0.1-0.4) vs. 0.9 (0.5-1.8) micrometer2. The endosome-lysosome pH distribution range differed significantly: 6.8 (6.4-7.0) vs. 6.3 (5.8-7.0). There was a significant accumulation of neutral BJP in endocytic structures, an acidification deficit of pre-lysosomes/lysosomes and MPR retention, suggestive of defective receptor recycling with this BJP. Interference with the physiological process of lysosomal acidification may be an important mechanism of higher nephrotoxicity in some BJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Nicastri
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Renal da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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34
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Cuccovia IM, Sesso A, Abuin EB, Okino PF, Tavares PG, Campos JF, Florenzano FH, Chaimovich H. Characterization of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride vesicles prepared by membrane extrusion and dichloromethane injection. J Mol Liq 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(97)00046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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De Menezes Y, De Faria FP, Sesso A. In human hepatocellular carcinoma cells the total membrane surface area of each major organelle is a particular allometric function of the cytoplasmic volume. A morphometric study. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1996; 28:573-582. [PMID: 8933741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphometric analysis by both light and electron microscopy was performed in cells from five cases of human, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in three control cases. In each case, three fragments were examined individually and the following morphometric parameters evaluated: a) nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell volumes; b) volume density and absolute volume of the rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, dense bodies and cytoplasmic matrix; c) surface density, surface/ volume ratio, and total surface area of rough ER, smooth ER and outer mitochondrial membranes. The parameters obtained from HCC cases showed ample scatter of data, all control values lying within the interval between the extreme values for the various parameters. Both the original and the logarithmically transformed data on volume and total membrane surface area of organelles (y) and of the cytoplasmic volume (x) were regressed using first degree regression equations. The original values for volume and total surface area of rough ER, total ER and mitochondria were linearly related to the corresponding values for cytoplasmic volume. The allometric analysis carried out with the logarithms also revealed significant regressions between cytoplasmic volume and smooth ER parameters not detectable when using the original x and y values. It showed, in addition, that in progressively larger cytoplasmic volumes, the cisternae of both rough and smooth ER tend to appear more compacted and a higher portion of the total ER membrane tends to be constituted of smooth ER. Within the wide range of variation in cytoplasmic volume of the HCC cells, the volume and total surface of the organelles do not vary randomly. These data indicate that in the small, normal-sized and large tumoral cells the mechanisms responsible for the cytoplasmic volume and for the corresponding total volume and membrane surface area of each major organelle are interdependent. Such an interdependence gives no support to ideas implying that the variation in size of cancer cells, an element of pleomorphism, would result of anarchical intracellular synthetic and/or degradative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y De Menezes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Bevevino LH, Procopio J, Sesso A, Sanioto SM. Effect of oxytocin on transepithelial transport of water and Na+ in distinct ventral regions of frog skin (Rana catesbeiana). J Comp Physiol B 1996; 166:120-30. [PMID: 8766909 DOI: 10.1007/bf00301175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic fragments of ventral skin of Rana catesbeiana were analysed regarding the effect of oxytocin on: (1) transepithelial water transport; (2) short-circuit current; (3) skin conductance and electrical potential difference; (4) Na+ conductance, the electromotive force of the Na+ transport mechanism, and shunt conductance; (5) short-circuit current responses to fast Na+ by K+ replacement in the outer compartment, and (6) epithelial microstructure. Unstimulated water and Na+ permeabilities were low along the ventral skin. Hydrosmotic and natriferic responses to oxytocin increased from thorax to pelvis. Unstimulated Na+ conductance was greater in pelvis than in abdomen, the other electrical parameters being essentially similar in both skin fragments. Contribution of shunt conductance to total skin conductance was higher in abdominal than in pelvic skin. Oxytocininduced increases of total skin conductance, Na+ conductance, and shunt conductance in pelvis were significantly larger than in abdomen. An oscillatory behaviour of the short-circuit current was observed only in oxytocin-treated pelvic skins. Decrease of epithelial thickness and increase of mitochondria-rich cell number were observed from thorax to pelvis. Oxytocin-induced increases of interspaces were more conspicuous in pelvis and abdomen than in thorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Bevevino
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociencias, UNESP, Botucatu, S.P., Brasil
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37
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de Sousa SO, Sesso A, de Araújo NS, de Araújo VC. Inverted ductal papilloma of minor salivary gland origin: morphological aspects and cytokeratin expression. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1995; 252:370-3. [PMID: 8679158 DOI: 10.1007/bf00178280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural features and cytokeratin expression of inverted ductal papillomas of minor salivary gland origin were studied. Under the electron microscope, an increased number of desmosomes and mucus-like granules in some cells were the most striking features. Immunohistochemical study revealed that tumor cells displayed strongly positive reactions with cytokeratins 13 and 14, and less strong reactions with cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 5D3. These results support the hypothesis that an inverted ductal papilloma can be derived from the proximal portion of a salivary gland excretory duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O de Sousa
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Taga R, Martini DS, Sesso A. Autoradiographic evaluation of the cell cycle parameters of the various cells categories of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of the suckling rat. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1994; 70:255-260. [PMID: 8041560 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj1936.70.6_255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the percentage of radioactive mitosis after a single thymidine-H3 injection, was determined for the various cell categories of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of rats at 5th and 15th day of postnatal age. Estimates of the lengths of the S and the G2 + M/2 phases of the cell cycle were thus obtained, and averaged 9.8 and 2.7 hours, respectively, with extreme values of 9.3-11.2 and 1.6-3.2 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taga
- Dep. of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, USP, Brazil
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39
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Sesso A, de Faria FP, Iwamura ES, Corrêa H. A three-dimensional reconstruction study of the rough ER-Golgi interface in serial thin sections of the pancreatic acinar cell of the rat. J Cell Sci 1994; 107 ( Pt 3):517-28. [PMID: 8006070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinctive views of the tubulo-vesicular elements interposed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus were obtained in thin sections. The tubules that protrude from the transitional rough ER (tRER) are of dissimilar length. The numbers of tubules and of the nearby omega- and pear-shaped profiles decrease after fasting and are partially restored by refeeding. This formation is designated herein as the budding chamber of the tRER. Close to the budding chamber, clusters of 56 nm diameter vesicles are consistently observed. In some of the cells, convoluted tubules appear enmeshed with the presumptive transport vesicles of 56 nm diameter and with irregular, vesicular formations. Apparently structureless, electron-lucent ellipsoidal areas are found adjacent to these membranous elements. Serial and semi-serial sections show that the budding chamber, the sinuous tubules, the irregular vesicles, the structureless regions and the 56 nm vesicles fill tunnel-like spaces limited by the outermost Golgi cisterna (OGC) on one side and by the tRER on the other. Curved tubules appear to link the lumen of the OGC with that of smooth membranous occupants of these tunnel-like spaces. A presumptive luminal connection between these membranous occupants and the tubules of the budding chamber can also be seen. The predominant configuration of the OGC is that of a perforated, flat saccule. However, OGC regions exhibiting progressively lower densities of fenestrae, including smooth surfaced sectors eventually accumulating an intraluminal content are seen. Two such dilated, saccular portions of the OGC were analyzed through reconstruction of serial sections. Bundles of microtubules run closely apposed to the cis side of the OGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sesso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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40
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Sesso A, de Faria F, Iwamura E, Correa H. A three-dimensional reconstruction study of the rough ER-Golgi interface in serial thin sections of the pancreatic acinar cell of the rat. J Cell Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.107.3.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinctive views of the tubulo-vesicular elements interposed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus were obtained in thin sections. The tubules that protrude from the transitional rough ER (tRER) are of dissimilar length. The numbers of tubules and of the nearby omega- and pear-shaped profiles decrease after fasting and are partially restored by refeeding. This formation is designated herein as the budding chamber of the tRER. Close to the budding chamber, clusters of 56 nm diameter vesicles are consistently observed. In some of the cells, convoluted tubules appear enmeshed with the presumptive transport vesicles of 56 nm diameter and with irregular, vesicular formations. Apparently structureless, electron-lucent ellipsoidal areas are found adjacent to these membranous elements. Serial and semi-serial sections show that the budding chamber, the sinuous tubules, the irregular vesicles, the structureless regions and the 56 nm vesicles fill tunnel-like spaces limited by the outermost Golgi cisterna (OGC) on one side and by the tRER on the other. Curved tubules appear to link the lumen of the OGC with that of smooth membranous occupants of these tunnel-like spaces. A presumptive luminal connection between these membranous occupants and the tubules of the budding chamber can also be seen. The predominant configuration of the OGC is that of a perforated, flat saccule. However, OGC regions exhibiting progressively lower densities of fenestrae, including smooth surfaced sectors eventually accumulating an intraluminal content are seen. Two such dilated, saccular portions of the OGC were analyzed through reconstruction of serial sections. Bundles of microtubules run closely apposed to the cis side of the OGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sesso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F.P. de Faria
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E.S. Iwamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - H. Correa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Sesso A, Azimovas SR, Ferreira MA. Freeze-fracture and thin section study of the rough ER-Golgi interface in the pancreatic acinar cell. Resemblance between the intramembranal architecture of the outermost Golgi cisterna and the post-rough ER vesicular and tubular elements. Biol Cell 1994; 81:165-76. [PMID: 7849607 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-4900(94)80007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Post-ER membranous structures are clearly observed in pancreases fixed with aldehydes and subsequently with reduced osmium. Close to the transitional rough ER, clusters of vesicles of approximately 56 nm diameter are consistently present. In some cells, tortuous tubules appear enmeshed by the approximately 56 nm vesicles and by irregular, vesicular formations. In freeze-fracture replicas, the membranes of the bulges and tubules that protrude from the transitional rough ER differ from those of the donor compartment. These protrusions are herein designated as the budding chamber of the transitional rough ER. Quantitative and qualitative observations performed previously and in the present study show that the P and E freeze-fracture faces of the outermost Golgi cisternal membrane possess patterns of texture that are unique among membranes. The P-face exhibits a very high density of intramembranous particles of dimensions among the smallest yet described; E-faces show rugosities and an unusually high density of intramembranous particles of normal size. The membranes of the budding chamber, the putative transport vesicles of approximately 56 nm diameter, the sinuous tubules and the vesicles of irregular size and shape exhibit P and E fracture faces with textures indistinguishable from those of the corresponding P and E faces of the outermost Golgi cisterna.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sesso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Taga R, Alvares EP, Sesso A. Morphometric studies on terminal tubule and acinar cells in developing submandibular gland of the rat. Arch Histol Cytol 1993; 56:517-23. [PMID: 8129985 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.56.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Morphometric studies were conducted on rat developing submandibular gland. Terminal tubule cells from 5 and 15-day-old, and acinar cells from 15 and 30-day-old animals, were respectively studied. Radii of approximately spherical terminal tubule cell nuclei were measured in 0.5 micron thick sections; the nuclear volumes were estimated using BACH's method. The volume of nuclei from non-spherical acinar cell was obtained indirectly. The fractions of cellular volume occupied by the nucleus and cytoplasm in both secretory cells were also evaluated and the cytoplasmic volumes thus obtained. Volume density, surface density and surface-to-volume ratio of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory granules and mitochondria, and derived stereological parameters, were determined. The secretory cells of older rats exhibited a greater cytoplasmic volume and higher total volume and surface area of organelles than cells from younger animals. The net daily accumulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane surface area in terminal tubule and acinar cells was 157.7 microns2 and 330.4 microns2, respectively. These values represent a gain of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane surface of 10.0% and 6.7%, respectively, along the intervals studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taga
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Brazil
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Prado MJ, Nicastri AL, Leo P, Uchino E, Sesso A, Marcondes M, Prado EB. Nephrotoxicity of human Bence Jones protein in rats: proteinuria and enzymuria profile. Braz J Med Biol Res 1993; 26:633-8. [PMID: 8257949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of intravenous administration of 80 mg purified human Bence Jones protein twice weekly for 5 weeks was investigated in male Wistar rats (N = 7; 2 months old). A state of immunological tolerance was demonstrated by the absence of a B-cell response (plaque-forming cells and hemagglutination titers) and by the absence of detectable antigen or antibody deposition in glomeruli, as indicated by light and electron microscopy. No rise in blood urea level was detected (33.9 +/- 4.3 vs 32.8 +/- 1.3 mg%). There was an increase in proteinuria (5.3 +/- 0.9 vs 32.8 +/- 4.0 mg/day), mainly due to Bence Jones protein excretion (0 vs 29.2 +/- 5.2 mg/day), with a slight but significant increase in albuminuria (0.2 +/- 0.1 vs 1.0 +/- 0.2 mg/day). There was a significant increase of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the urine (6.1 +/- 1.3 vs 72.7 +/- 18.8 mU/mg in creatinine). Lysosomal accumulation of Bence Jones protein in proximal tubular cells was evidenced by immunoelectronmicroscopy with protein A-gold. These results clearly showed proximal tubular dysfunction induced by chronic Bence Jones protein administration, without interference of autologous immune response as demonstrated by immunological state of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Prado
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Renal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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44
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Sesso A, de Faria FP, Baruzzi RG. The causative agent of Jorge Lobo's disease, the fungus P. loboi (= Loboa loboi) may be seen extracellularly tightly encircled by histiocytes. Observations at the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1993; 35:305-6. [PMID: 8278764 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651993000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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45
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Castro JA, Sesso A, Lacaz-Vieira F. Deposition of BaSO4 in the tight junctions of amphibian epithelia causes their opening; apical Ca2+ reverses this effect. J Membr Biol 1993; 134:15-29. [PMID: 7688048 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selective deposition of BaSO4 in the tight junctions (TJs) of frog skins led to profound and reversible functional alterations of these structures, as revealed by changes of tissue conductance (G), clamping current (I), and fluxes of extracellular markers (sulfate (JSO4) and sucrose (JSUC)). Experiments were performed with nominally Ca(2+)-free simple salt solutions on the apical side (usually KCl) and Na2SO4-Ringer on the inner side of skins. The deposition of BaSO4 in the TJs was obtained by diffusion and/or migration through the paracellular path of Ba2+ from the apical solution and SO4(2-) from the inner solution. A brief presence (2 to 6 min) of apical Ba2+ (Ba2+ pulse) is followed (i.e., when Ba2+ is removed from the apical fluid) by a large increase of G, I, JSO4 and JSUC, above pre-Ba2+ levels. These attain a steady state within 15 to 30 min (overshoot phase), characterizing a conspicuous increase of the paracellular permeability. During the overshoot phase, a second Ba2+ pulse blocks the paracellular route while apical Ba2+ is present, leading to a new and larger overshoot when the Ba2+ pulse is terminated. Addition of apical Ca2+ triggers the resealing of the TJs, resulting in a full recovery of G, I, JSO4 and JSUC. This Ca(2+)-induced recovery persists when apical Ca2+ is removed. The presence of a normal Ca2+ concentration in the inner bathing Ringer does not induce the recovery process. Tissues remain viable after being submitted to the Ba2+ treatment and the subsequent overshoot. Experiments performed in the urinary bladder of Rana catesbeiana and skins and urinary bladders of Bufo marinus indicate that Ba2+ effect can also be elicited in these tissues. The above results seem to report general properties of the TJs. Incidentally, they warn about the use of Ba2+ as an ion channel blocker in epithelial membranes in association with SO4(2-)-containing solutions on the contralateral side.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Castro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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46
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Carneiro SM, Tanaka H, Kisielius JJ, Sesso A. Occurrence of retrovirus-like particles in various cellular and intercellular compartments of the venom glands from Bothrops jararacussu. Res Vet Sci 1992; 53:399-401. [PMID: 1465518 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5288(92)90148-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retrovirus-like particles were detected in venom glands from Bothrops jararacussu during electron microscopy. Type C-like particles were found inter- and intracellularly in gland and vessel lumina and scattered in the connective tissue. They were about 100 nm in diameter, with an electron dense core and bilaminar external membrane. Shapes suggestive of a budding process from the plasma membrane were also observed. Less frequently, type A-like particles, about 80 nm diameter with an electronlucent core, appeared in association with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of the secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunoquimica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Tannuri U, Sesso A, Coelho MC, Maksoud JG. Long-term stability of lipid emulsions with parenteral nutrition solutions. Nutrition 1992; 8:98-100. [PMID: 1591460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the mixture of peripheral vein parenteral nutrition (PN) solution with 10% lipid emulsions (Intralipid or Lipofundin MCT) was tested during a prolonged period of refrigerated storage. The analysis included gross visual examination of the bottle, pH determination, and examination by electron microscope. The mixtures of fat emulsions with PN solution demonstrated no physical instability or pH alteration. Examination under electron microscope revealed no alterations after 4 wk, but the surface layer of fat globules was disrupted after 10 and 18 wk. This study demonstrates that complete nutritive mixtures can be prepared and stored in refrigeration for at least 4 wk before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Tannuri
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, Brazil
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48
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Machado de Sousa SO, de Araujo NS, Sesso A, de Araujo VC. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and histogenetic considerations in a patient with melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992; 50:186-9. [PMID: 1370691 DOI: 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90369-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S O Machado de Sousa
- Disciplina de Patologia Bucal, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Rodrigues CJ, Rodrigues Júnior AJ, Sesso A. Structural and cytochemical study of the rat exocrine pancreas treated with dl-ethionine. I. Multilayered bodies and lesioned areas. Microsc Electron Biol Celular 1991; 15:179-91. [PMID: 1844361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The fine structural changes and the reactivity for acid phosphatase (AcPase) and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) were studied in thin sections from rat pancreatic acinar cells exposed to dl-ethionine for 2-10 days. The cells from ad libitum and pair-fed controls exhibit occasionally 0.2-0.6 microns circular profiles showing reaction for AcPase and considered as presumptive lysosomes. At days 2 and 4 of dl-ethionine treatment the acinar cells exhibit presumptive lysosomes, autophagosomes and membrane-bounded cytoplasmic areas devoid of electron density and AcPase activity, containing scattered membranous elements. These regions were named lesioned areas. On 6th, 8th and 10th days a membrane bound anomalous cytoplasmic structure that represents a dense pile of layered membrane-like material (multilayered bodies, MB) was seen. The MBs consistently show AcPase activity and in rare instances TPPase activity. Freeze fracture studies reveal that the limiting membrane of the MBs has intramembranous particles whereas the multilayered membranous contents are devoid of such particles. The structure and disposition of the lamellae of the MBs seen in the replicas are similar to those of artificially prepared phospholipidic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Betti F, Worsmann TU, De Faria FP, Sesso A. Development of the cloacal bursa in the domestic fowl. II. A quantitative and fine structural analysis of the follicular cortex and medulla. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1991; 23:613-28. [PMID: 1764688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The estimated volumes of the follicular medulla (x) and cortex (y) from 14-day-old embryos till 28-day-old White Leghorn chicks were associated through the allometric formula y = bxk or log y = log b + k log x. Two successive allometric growth stages (I and II) are discernable, being hatching the transition region between them. The volumetric growth of the cortex is 2.49 times greater than that of the medulla in stage I, whereas cortex and medulla grow isometrically in stage II. The curve fitting procedure analysis of the absolute cortical and medullary growth confirmed these results. The fine structure of the cell types in the follicular medulla revealed that: a) in the allometric stage I pre-existing, bud precursor (Pr) cells appear to give rise to basal (Ba) and medullary epithelial (ME) cells, in both cases showing lucent and dark varieties. A medullary cytoreticulum is established at the onset of this stage. b) The marked lymphocyte proliferation during stage II occurs among the thin and short cytoplasmic processes of BA cells. These processes extend towards the centre of the medulla and also show many lateral interdigitating processes. During this same stage, the cytoplasmic processes of ME cells elongate and become thinner promoting a widening of the cytoreticulum interstices. The fine structural analysis of the cortical cytoarchitectural arrangement showed that: a) before the onset of stage I (14-day-old embryos) the cortex consists mainly of typical fibroblasts (F) and a few blastic (Pr?) cells. Later in this stage I, a poorly defined cortical framework is made up of typical fibroblasts, few cortical branching (CB) cells of the epithelial variety (which seem to be derived from Pr cells) and CB cells of the fibroblast-like variety. These cells are interspersed with mature and immature lymphocytes. b) Allometric stage II of the cortex is characterized by the presence of very thin and long cytoplasmic processes from CB cells of both epithelial and fibroblast-like varieties. The arrangement of CB cell profiles, visualized in electron micrographic montages, is remarkably similar to that of the ME cells profiles which are known to form a cytoreticulum. We thus propose that the mature follicular cortex is endowed with a cellular framework forming wide interstices in which packed mature lymphoid cells are lodged.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Betti
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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