1
|
Chen BJ, Li J, Wang JD, Cheng YS, Xu YN, Xue M. [Parotid nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma: a case report]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:510-513. [PMID: 34011009 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20201103-00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - J D Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Y S Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200085, China
| | - Y N Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - M Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200085, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao XB, Cheng YS, Liu ZH, Shen LL, Zhao L, Chen C, Li F, Zhang XJ. Performance of BAC for DBPs precursors' removal for one year with micro-polluted lake water in East-China. Environ Technol 2020; 41:3554-3561. [PMID: 31072242 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1615132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of biological activated carbon (BAC) filter in removing disinfection byproducts (DBPs) precursors of micro-polluted lake water for one year was conducted. The formation potential (FP) of DBPs (trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and Nitrosamines (NAs)), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), molecular weight (MW) distribution and excitation emission matrix fluorescence (EEM) of dissolved organic material (DOM) in the influent and effluent of BAC were determined. The results indicated that the removal efficiency (RE) of DOC ranged from 42.9-28.3%. Neither virgin GAC nor long-term operated BAC could efficiently dispose of THMs and HAAs precursors (RE from 35.2-18.8%, from 42 to 8.4%, respectively), however, BAC still showed good ability in removal of NAs precursors after a year operation, of which RE just dropped from 81.7-69.6%. There was strong correlation between RE of NAs precursors and DOC with small MW (<0.5 kDa). The removal of HAAs precursors showed relatively close relation to aromatic protein-like components and soluble microbial pollutants (SMPs). Weak direct relationship was found between the water quality parameters and THMs precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X B Liao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Cheng
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Liu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Shen
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - C Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - F Li
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - X J Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang C, Qian J, Jia BL, Yu G, Cheng YS, Wang Y. [Application of hand-sewn anastomosis in the reconstruction of total laparoscopic left colon cancer radical resection]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:499-502. [PMID: 32842431 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20190711-00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
4
|
Cheng YS, Chao J, Zhu DD, Liu BC. 14 The mechanism of pkcΒ-p66shc-nadph oxidase pathway in high glucose induced-oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells. J Investig Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-mebabstracts.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Chang MH, You SL, Chen CJ, Liu CJ, Lai MW, Wu TC, Wu SF, Lee CM, Yang SS, Chu HC, Wang TE, Chen BW, Chuang WL, Soon MS, Lin CY, Chiou ST, Kuo HS, Chen DS, Lo GH, Kong MS, Wang PM, Yang CC, Chu CH, Lin LH, Chien RN, Lee TH, Yang KC, Liao LY, Mo LR, Liu JD, Yang TH, Lo CC, Tsai MH, Chou CH, Cheng YS. Long-term Effects of Hepatitis B Immunization of Infants in Preventing Liver Cancer. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:472-480.e1. [PMID: 27269245 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases with age, but protective antibody responses decrease with time after infants are immunized against hepatitis B virus (HBV). We investigated whether immunization of infants against HBV prevents their developing HCC as adults. We also searched for strategies to maximize the cancer-preventive effects. METHODS We collected data from 2 Taiwan HCC registry systems on 1509 patients (6-26 years old) diagnosed with HCC from 1983 through 2011. Data on history of HBV immunization and prenatal maternal levels of HBV antigens of all HCC patients born after July 1984 were retrieved from the HBV immunization data bank of the Taiwan Center for Disease Control. We collected data on birth cohort-specific populations (6-26 years old) of Taiwan using the National Household Registry System. Rates of HCC incidence per 10(5) person-years were derived by dividing the number of patients with HCC by the person-years of the general population. Relative risks (RR) for HCC were estimated by Poisson regression analysis in vaccinated vs unvaccinated birth cohorts. We stratified patients by age group to evaluate the association of birth cohorts and HCC risks. RESULTS Of the 1509 patients with HCC, 1343 were born before, and 166 were born after, the HBV vaccination program began. HCC incidence per 10(5) person-years was 0.92 in the unvaccinated cohort and 0.23 in the vaccinated birth cohorts. The RRs for HCC in patients 6-9 years old, 10-14 years old, 15-19 years old, and 20-26 years old who were vaccinated vs unvaccinated were 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.40), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.25-0.48), 0.37 (95% CI, 0.25-0.51), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.32-0.56), respectively. The RR for HCC in 6- to 26-year-olds was lower in the later vs the earlier cohorts (born in 1992-2005 vs 1986-1992; P < .001 and 1986-1992 vs 1984-1986; P < .002). Transmission of HBV from highly infectious mothers and incomplete immunization were associated with development of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Based on an analysis of 1509 patients with HCC in Taiwan, immunization of infants against HBV reduces their risk of developing HCC as children and young adults. Improving HBV vaccination strategies and overcoming risk factors could reduce the incidence of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwei Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - San-Lin You
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Bigdata Research Center, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung University and Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tzee-Chung Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mo Lee
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Shun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Cheng Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Eng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Soan Soon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chang-Hua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yih Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, and Ministry of Health and Welfare, Health Promotion Administration, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Sung Kuo
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao HY, Jiang JY, Cheng YS, Chen ZY, Her TH, Chang TH. Modal analysis and efficient coupling of TE₀₁ mode in small-core THz Bragg fibers. Opt Express 2015; 23:27266-27281. [PMID: 26480387 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a design of low-loss THz Bragg fibers with a core size on the order of wavelength that operates near the cutoff frequency of its TE01 mode. We also propose a broadband Y-type mode converter based on branched rectangular metallic waveguides to facilitate coupling between the TE01 mode of the Bragg fiber and the TEM mode in free space with 60% efficiency. Our fiber holds strong promise to facilitate beam-wave interaction in gyrotron for high-efficiency THz generation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin MJ, Chang SC, Lin TY, Cheng YS, Lee YP, Fan YK. Factors Affecting the Incidence of Angel Wing in White Roman Geese: Stocking Density and Genetic Selection. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:901-7. [PMID: 26954185 PMCID: PMC4852259 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated stocking density and genetic lines, factors that may alter the severity and incidence of angel wing (AW), in White Roman geese. Geese (n = 384) from two genetically selected lines (normal- winged line, NL, and angel-winged line, AL, respectively) and one commercial line (CL) were raised in four pens. Following common commercial practice, low-stocking-density (LD), medium-stocking-density, and high-stocking-density treatments were respectively administered to 24, 32, and 40 geese per pen at 0 to 3 weeks (1.92 m2/pen) and 4 to 6 weeks (13.2 m2/pen) of age and to 24, 30, and 36 geese at 7 to 14 weeks (20.0 m2/pen) of age. The results revealed that stocking density mainly affected body weight gain in geese younger than 4 weeks, and that geese subjected to LD had a high body weight at 2 weeks of age. However, the effect of stocking density on the severity score of AW (SSAW) and incidence of AW (IAW) did not differ significantly among the treatments. Differences were observed among the genetic stocks; that is, SSAW and IAW were significantly higher in AL than in NL and CL. Genetic selection generally aggravates AW, complicating its elimination. To effectively reduce IAW, stocking density, a suspected causal factor, should be lower than that presently applied commercially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua 52149, Taiwan
| | - S C Chang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua 52149, Taiwan
| | - T Y Lin
- Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua 52149, Taiwan
| | - Y S Cheng
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - Y P Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Y K Fan
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu HC, Huang JF, Lee SR, Liu HL, Hsieh CH, Huang CW, Huang MC, Tai C, Poivey JP, Rouvier R, Cheng YS. Selection for Duration of Fertility and Mule Duck White Plumage Colour in a Synthetic Strain of Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:605-11. [PMID: 25715691 PMCID: PMC4412989 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie (h (2) = 0.07±0.03) and M (h (2) = 0.07±0.01), moderately low for Dm (h (2) = 0.13±0.02), of medium values for H (h (2) = 0.20±0.03) and F (h (2) = 0.23±0.03). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm (rg = 0.93), between F and H (rg = 0.97) and between Dm and H (rg = 0.90). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Liu
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Ilan 26845, Taiwan
| | - J F Huang
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Ilan 26845, Taiwan
| | - S R Lee
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Ilan 26845, Taiwan
| | - H L Liu
- Livestock Rescarch Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - C H Hsieh
- Livestock Rescarch Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - C W Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20024, Taiwan
| | - M C Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - C Tai
- Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - J P Poivey
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - R Rouvier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Y S Cheng
- Livestock Rescarch Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yurchenco PD, Cheng YS. Laminin self-assembly: a three-arm interaction hypothesis for the formation of a network in basement membranes. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 107:47-56. [PMID: 8004974 DOI: 10.1159/000422960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, N.J
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in human saliva have recently demonstrated to be potential biomarkers for diagnosis purposes. However, lack of well-characterized/matched clinical groups and lack of suitable endogenous control (EC) for salivary extracellular miRNA detection and normalization are among the restrictions of applying salivary-based miRNA biomarker discovery. In the present study, we examined the differential expression pattern of miRNAs among 4 groups of subjects-including patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), patients with OSCC in remission (OSCC-R), patients with oral lichen planus, and healthy controls (HCs)-using a genomewide high-throughput miRNA microarray. First, we systematically screened 10 pooling samples and 34 individual samples of different groups to find a proper EC miRNA. We then investigated the genomewide expression patterns of differentially expressed miRNAs in saliva of different groups using NanoString nCounter miRNA expression assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, followed by construction of receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. We identified miRNA-191 as a suitable EC miRNA with minimal intergroup and intragroup variability, and we used it for normalization. Of more than 700 miRNAs tested, 13 were identified as being significantly deregulated in saliva of OSCC patients compared to HCs: 11 miRNAs were underexpressed (miRNA-136, miRNA-147, miRNA-1250, miRNA-148a, miRNA-632, miRNA-646, miRNA668, miRNA-877, miRNA-503, miRNA-220a, miRNA-323-5p), and 2 miRNAs were overexpressed (miRNA-24, miRNA-27b). MiRNA-136 was underexpressed in both OSCC vs. HCs and OSCC vs. OSCC-R. MiRNA-27b levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to those found in HCs, patients with OSCC-R, and patients with oral lichen planus and served as a characteristic biomarker of OSCC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that miRNA-27b could be a valuable biomarker for distinguishing OSCC patients from the other groups. Our novel findings established a reliable EC miRNA for salivary-based diagnostic and indicate that the salivary miRNA profiles are discriminatory in OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Momen-Heravi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Trachtenberg
- Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - W P Kuo
- Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y S Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University-Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reed MD, Tellez CS, Grimes MJ, Picchi MA, Tessema M, Cheng YS, March TH, Kuehl PJ, Belinsky SA. Aerosolised 5-azacytidine suppresses tumour growth and reprogrammes the epigenome in an orthotopic lung cancer model. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1775-81. [PMID: 24045660 PMCID: PMC3790193 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic silencing by promoter methylation and chromatin remodelling affects hundreds of genes and is a causal event for lung cancer. Treatment of patients with low doses of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat has yielded clinical responses. The subcutaneous dosing route for consecutive days and reduced bioavailability of 5-azacytidine because of inactivation by cytidine deaminase may limit the expansion of epigenetic therapy into Phase III trials. To mitigate these barriers, an aerosol of 5-azacytidine was generated and characterised. METHODS The effect of aerosol vs systemic delivery of 5-azacytidine on tumour burden and molecular response of engrafted lung tumours in the nude rat was compared. RESULTS Pharmacokinetics revealed major improvement in the half-life of 5-azacytidine in lung tissue with aerosol delivery. Aerosolised 5-azacytidine significantly reduced lung tumour burden and induced global demethylation of the epigenome at one-third of the comparable effective systemic dose. High commonality for demethylation of genes was seen in tumours sampled throughout lung lobes and across treated animals receiving the aerosolised drug. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings show that aerosolised 5-azacytidine targets the lung, effectively reprogrammes the epigenome of tumours, and is a promising approach to combine with other drugs for treating lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Reed
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu YQ, Cui WG, Cheng YS, Chang J, Chen NW, Yan L, Li MH. Biodegradable rapamycin-eluting nano-fiber membrane-covered metal stent placement to reduce fibroblast proliferation in experimental stricture in a canine model. Endoscopy 2013; 45:458-68. [PMID: 23580413 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The aim of the current study was to assess whether placement of the biodegradable rapamycin-eluting nano-fiber membrane-covered metal stent is followed by less fibroblast proliferation and tissue hyperplasia compared with bare stents in experimental stricture in a dog model. METHODS A total of 80 dog models of stricture were randomly divided into a control group (n = 20, no stent insertion), a bare stent group (BSG, n = 20, 1-week retention), and two drug-eluting stent sub-groups (DESG-1w, n = 20, 1-week retention; DESG-4w, n = 20, 4-week retention). Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, 5-minute barium height (5-mBH), and cardia diameter were assessed before, immediately after the procedure, and regularly thereafter for 6 months. Five dogs in each group were euthanized for histological examination at each follow-up assessment. RESULTS Stent insertion was well tolerated, with similar migration rates (0 % in BSG vs. 7.5 % in DESGs; P = 0.5441). At 6 months, LES pressure and 5-mBH improved in DESG-1w (26.70 ± 5.02 mmHg and 6.50 ± 2.98 cm) and DESG-4w (20.16 ± 5.50 mmHg and 1.54 ± 0.98 cm) compared with BSG (39.94 ± 5.22 mmHg and 11.1 ± 5.46 cm) (P < 0.05), with DESG-4w being more stable than DESG-1w (P < 0.05). The cardia maintained greater patency in the DESGs (7.10 ± 3.09 mm in DESG-1w; 9.16 ± 3.77 mm in DESG-4w) than in the BSG (1.86 ± 2.45 mm; P < 0.05). Reduced peak inflammatory reactions and scarring occurred in DESGs compared with the BSG (P < 0.05), with a better outcome in DESG-4w than in DESG-1w (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this experimental stricture model, rapamycin-eluting stents were more effective than bare stents for the reduction of fibroblast proliferation and tissue hyperplasia after stent placement. Furthermore, 4-week retention of the drug-eluting stent led to a better outcome than 1-week retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated People's Hospital, Medical school of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi FH, Cheng YS, Dai DZ, Peng HJ, Cong XD, Dai Y. Depressed calcium-handling proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the diabetic heart are attenuated by argirein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:521-31. [PMID: 23525487 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a unique disease frequently complicated to diabetes mellitus, manifesting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and depressed calcium-handling proteins. We hypothesized that the abnormal FKBP12.6, SERCA2a, and CASQ2 are consequent to ER stress and apoptosis that are likely due to an entity of inflammation. These abnormalities may be attributed to reactive oxygen species genesis from activated NADPH oxidase which could respond to argirein (AR) through its anti-inflammatory activity. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Except the normal group, rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.) once. During weeks 5 to 8 following STZ injection, rats were treated (in milligrams per kilogram per day, i.g.) with aminoguanidine (AMG, 100; an inducible nitric oxide synthase and AGEs inhibitor) or three doses of AR (50, 100, and 200). FKBP12.6, SERCA2a, and CASQ2 and ER stress chaperones Bip and PERK and apoptotic molecules were monitored in vivo and in vitro. Impaired cardiac performance and downregulated FKBP12.6, SERCA2a, and CASQ2 were significant in DC in vivo, and abnormal calcium-handling proteins were also found in high-glucose-incubated myocytes in vitro. ER stress manifested by upregulated Bip and PERK was predominant in association with DNA ladder and upregulated Bax and downregulated BCL-2 in vivo and in vitro. AR is effective to attenuate these abnormalities compared to AMG. Diabetic myocardium has inflammatory entity expressed as ER stress contributing to downregulated calcium-handling proteins. AR has potential in managing DC through attenuating depressed calcium-handling proteins, activated ER stress, and apoptosis in the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F H Shi
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang GY, Lv ZW, Tang RB, Liu Y, Peng YF, Li W, Cheng YS. Evaluation of MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI in detecting bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Clin Radiol 2010; 65:377-81. [PMID: 20380936 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prospectively investigate the role of MR spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in assessing vertebral marrow changes in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight postmenopausal women (mean age 63.7+/-3.5 years; range 55-81 years), who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the spine, were divided into three bone density groups (24 with normal, 25 with osteopaenic, and 29 with osteoporotic) based on T score. Both MRS and DWI of the L3 vertebral body were performed to calculate the marrow fat content and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The results were compared between three groups and correlated with BMD. RESULTS Vertebral marrow fat content was significantly increased in the osteoporotic group (59.97+/-5.78%), when compared with that of the osteopaenic group (53.04+/-7.66%, p=0.001) and the normal bone density group (48.79+/-7.1%, p<0.001). ADC values in the osteoporotic, osteopaenic, and normal bone density groups were 0.39+/-0.02x10(-3)mm(2)/s, 0.41+/-0.02x10(-3)mm(2)/s, and 0.47+/-0.03x10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation between T scores and ADC existed (r=0.835, p<0.001). The vertebral marrow fat content was negatively correlated to the bone density (r=-0.639, p<0.001) and to marrow ADC (r=-0.554, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The postmenopausal women with osteoporosis exhibited a corresponding increase in vertebral marrow fat content as the bone density decreased. Marrow fat content and ADC were related to the bone density. MRS and DWI are helpful in evaluating the bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Y Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu M, Dai DZ, Zhang Q, Cheng YS, Dai Y. Upregulated NADPH oxidase contributes to diabetic testicular complication and is relieved by strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 118:459-65. [PMID: 20200810 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is frequently associated with declining sexual function resulting from oxidative damage. NADPH oxidase is a major resource of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the testes and is likely related to an activated endothelin-1 (ET-1) system. An activation of NADPH oxidase-ET-1 pathway was hypothesized in diabetic testopathy. We verified the hypothesis and tested if strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP-Sr) could relieve these changes in diabetic testis as compared to testosterone propionate (TP) and sildenafil. Diabetes was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats 8 weeks after a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and interventions with testosterone propionate (TP), sildenafil and FDP-Sr were conducted in the last 4 weeks. Blood glucose, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) , luteinizing hormone (LH) and expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits and the ET system were measured. Decreased insulin, FSH, LH and testosterone in serum were found associating with testicular oxidative stress in STZ-injected rats. Additionally, over-expressions of NADPH oxidase p22, p47, p67 subunits and the ET pathway were significant in the diabetic testis relative to normal and were completely abolished by FDP-Sr. Both TP and sildenafil were not beneficial to diabetic testopathy except serum androgen raised by TP. Activated NADPH oxidase and ET system are significant contributing to testis injury and are responded to FDP-Sr only, against both TP and sildenafil, by restoring the testis function and the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. It is due to its extra-energy supply and an antioxidant activity of FDP-Sr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Knox AMI, Li XF, Kinsey-Jones JS, Wilkinson ES, Wu XQ, Cheng YS, Milligan SR, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure delays puberty and alters hypothalamic Kiss1 and Kiss1r mRNA expression in the female rat. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:683-9. [PMID: 19500221 PMCID: PMC2817439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunological challenge experienced in early life can have long-term programming effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that permanently influence the stress response. Similarly, neonatal exposure to immunological stress enhances stress-induced suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in adulthood, but may also affect earlier development, including the timing of puberty. To investigate the timing of the critical window for this programming of the HPG axis, neonatal female rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 microg/kg i.p.) or saline on postnatal days 3 + 5, 7 + 9, or 14 + 16 and monitored for vaginal opening and first vaginal oestrus as markers of puberty. We also investigated the effects of neonatal programming on the development of the expression patterns of kisspeptin (Kiss1) and its receptor (Kiss1r) in hypothalamic sites known to contain kisspeptin-expressing neuronal populations critical to reproductive function: the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and the arcuate nucleus in neonatally-stressed animals. We determined that the critical period for a significant delay in puberty as a result of neonatal LPS exposure is before 7 days of age in the female rat, and demonstrated that Kiss1, but not Kiss1r mRNA, expression in the mPOA is down-regulated in pre-pubertal females. These data suggest that the mPOA population of kisspeptin neurones play a pivotal role in controlling the onset of puberty, and that their function can be affected by neonatal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M I Knox
- Division of Reproduction & Endocrinology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng YS, Rouvier R, Poivey JP, Huang HC, Liu HL, Tai C. Selection responses in duration of fertility and its consequences on hatchability in the intergeneric crossbreeding of ducks. Br Poult Sci 2006; 46:565-71. [PMID: 16359109 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500273193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. From 1992 to 2003, selected (S) and control lines (C) of the laying Brown Tsaiya duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were simultaneously maintained under the same standardised conditions of feeding and management. 2. The selection objective was to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. From generations G1 to G11, 2452 and 2022 female ducks, in S and C lines, respectively, were measured and recorded. In the S line, the percentage selected varied between 20.2 and 34.3% in females and between 7.2 and 20.8% in males. 3. Selection for number of fertile eggs had a correlated effect of increasing the parameter tau of the logistic curves which fitted the daily variations (d 2 to 15) in fertility or hatchability on the basis of eggs set. The differences S-C for the estimates of the times of half maximal fertility and hatchability increased by 0.41 and 0.37 d per generation between G1 and G11, respectively. 4. The highest increases of fertility per day rates after a single AI were observed between d 5 and 11. Moreover, in the selected line, fertility rate was higher than, or equal to, 90% in d 2 from G8. The same tendencies were observed for the changes in the evolution of hatchability on the basis of eggs set. 5. Selection increased fertility and hatchability according to the egg set rates, especially for d 2 to 8 after AI. Hatchability of fertile eggs was not impaired, confirming that selection for one AI per week was possible in this strain of laying ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Hsin-Hua, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Jet nebulizers are a drug delivery tool commonly used for treating respiratory diseases. When a nebulizer generates aerosols, the rate at which droplets evaporate depends on humidity conditions around the nebulizer outlet. Because the relative humidity (RH) of the air affects the evaporation rate, the aerosol distribution and drug delivery dose is also affected by RH. Four nebulizers were chosen for comparison in this study: PARI LC Plus (PARI Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Midlothian, VA), SideStream (Medic-Aid Ltd., UK), VixOne (Westmed, Inc., Tucson, AZ), and Micromist (Hudson Respiratory Care Inc., Temecula, CA). Two different formulations were used: albuterol (liquid solution) and budesonide (suspension). Particle distribution (mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] and geometric standard deviation [GSD]), nebulizer efficiency (total efficiency and respirable fraction [RF] efficiency for particles less than 4.7 microm), and dead volume (the amount of solution remaining after nebulization) were compared at the RH of 5%, 50%, and 80%. Our results showed that the MMAD increased (p value varied from <0.001 to 0.016) with the increase in RH, except for with the VixOne unit with albuterol (p = 0.24). The MMAD from the budesonide always appeared higher than from the albuterol. The RF (and thus, the inhalation dose) was lower with a higher RH. Except for the PARI LC Plus with budesonide, the RF decreased approximately 15-27% when the RH rose from 5% to 50%. For the PARI LC Plus nebulizer, the lower dead volume (0.22 mL) with higher residual drugs (62.3% of total drug) was obtained at an RH of 5% comparing the RH of 50% and 80% because of the unit's unique design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chang CC, Pan S, Lien GS, Liao CH, Chen SH, Cheng YS. Deformity of duodenal bulb, gastric metaplasia of duodenal regenerating mucosa and recurrence of duodenal ulcer: a correlated study. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:1802-5. [PMID: 15793868 PMCID: PMC4305878 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i12.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the correlation among the presence and degree of gastric metaplasia of duodenal regenerating mucosa, the deformity of bulb and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer. METHODS A total of 99 patients with duodenal ulcer were treated with H(2)-antagonist with or without antimicrobial therapy. All patients received follow-up endoscopic examinations 6 wk after treatment. When the ulcer(s) were noted to be healed, two biopsies were taken from the ulcer scar for histological study of gastric metaplasia, and 4 biopsies were taken from antrum for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) study. Out of these cases, 44 received further follow-up endoscopic examinations after 3, 6 and 12 mo respectively for studying the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcers. The correlation among ulcer recurrence, degree of gastric metaplasia of regenerating mucosa, bulbar deformity, and colonization of H pylori in the stomach was then studied. RESULTS The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the deformity of duodenal bulb and the degree of gastric metaplasia of regenerating duodenal mucosa. The recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer had a significant difference between patients with and without H pylori colonization in the stomach (P<0.001). The greater the degree of gastric metaplasia of duodenal regenerating mucosa, the higher the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer (P = 0.021). The more deformed the duodenal bulb, the higher the incidence of recurrence of duodenal ulcer (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION There is a correlation among deformity of duodenal bulb, gastric metaplasia of duodenal regenerating mucosa and recurrence of duodenal ulcer. A more severely deformed duodenal bulb is closely related to a greater extent of gastric metaplasia. Both factors contribute to the recurrence of duodenal ulcer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chao Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No 252, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to report one case of intraosseous oral leiomyoma and to systematically review the English literature. METHODS The clinical and radiographic findings of a patient who presented with intraosseous oral leiomyoma were recorded. In addition, 11 references from the English literature that reported 12 patients were reviewed. RESULTS Thirteen patients (age range 8 months to 71 years; mean 36 years, median 25 years) were reported to present with intraosseous oral leiomyoma. After excluding one patient whose sex was not reported, there were five female patients (42%) and seven males (58%). The majority of patients presented with either no symptoms or with an asymptomatic swelling. Eleven of 13 lesions occurred in the mandible; the most common site was the posterior of the jaw. Radiographically, intraosseous oral leiomyoma was found to present as either a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with either well defined or ill defined borders and frequent cortical involvement. CONCLUSIONS Intraosseous oral leiomyoma was found to occur in the mandibular posterior region of relatively young patients, with cortical involvement and a slight male gender preference. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice and no recurrence has been encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas 7526-0677, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Internal radiation from inhalation of metal tritide aerosols may present a significant radiation protection problem for nuclear facility workers. Dose was evaluated for three metal tritides: hafnium, titanium, and zirconium. The study included in vitro and in vivo exposures. The inhalation doses for the three materials were calculated by using the ICRP 66 lung model. The doses also were evaluated by a biokinetic model, which was developed according to the results of animal studies. Results showed that the hafnium tritide particles were the most dense but they had a lower dissolution rate and a higher retention rate. Among these three tritides, hafnium was classified as a Type S material according to the ICRP 66 publication, whereas titanium and zirconium ranked between Type M and F materials. The dissolution rate of hafnium tritide appeared to agree well with the in vitro and in vivo studies. The dissolution rates of the other two materials in the in vitro studies were a little higher than those of the in vivo studies. The doses calculated by the ICRP 66 model for all materials were approximately two orders smaller than the doses obtained by the animal studies. This bias was caused by the different intake methods of the ICRP 66 model (inhalation) and in the animal study (instillation). The doses were on the same order while correcting for deposition fractions. The effective doses for hafnium, titanium, and zirconium tritides were 5.43 x 10(-10), 9.05 x 10(-11), and 6.5 x 10(-10) Sv Bq(-1), respectively, according to the animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chang CC, Pan S, Chen SH, Liu JD, Lien GS, Cheng YS. Development of multifocal duodenal erosions after anti-Helicobacter pylori triple therapy. J Formos Med Assoc 2003; 102:840-4. [PMID: 14976562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-Helicobacter pylori triple therapy is effective for healing duodenal ulcer (DU) diseases and reducing disease recurrence. However, multifocal duodenal erosions or shallow ulcers may develop after triple therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and outcome of duodenal erosions that developed after triple therapy. METHODS A total of 106 Taiwanese with active DU and with H. pylori infection were enrolled in this study. All patients received anti-H. pylori triple therapy (i.e., 2 weeks of antimicrobial agents combined with treatment for 4 to 6 weeks with acid suppression agents). Follow-up endoscopy was performed immediately after stopping treatment. The incidence of multifocal erosions or shallow ulcers over the bulb and/or second portion of the duodenum was studied. Additional acid suppression agent was given for 4 weeks whenever duodenal erosions or shallow ulcers were found. RESULTS Out of 106 patients, 11 (10.4%) were found to have multifocal duodenal erosions and/or shallow ulcers on the duodenal bulb and/or second portion of the duodenum at the end of treatment. Ten of the 11 patients with newly developed erosions had healed DU in the S1 or S2 stage, and all 11 had successful H. pylori eradication. The duodenal erosions and/or shallow ulcers of these 11 patients were healed after an additional 4 weeks of histamine-2-receptor antagonist therapy. CONCLUSIONS Multifocal duodenal erosions and/or shallow ulcers were noted in around 10% of Taiwanese DU patients who received anti-H. pylori triple therapy. An additional 4 weeks therapy with acid suppression agents healed these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chao Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Muggenburg BA, Barr EB, Cheng YS, Seagrave JC, Tilley LP, Mauderley JL. Effect of inhaled residual oil fly ash on the electrocardiogram of dogs. Inhal Toxicol 2003; 12 Suppl 4:189-208. [PMID: 12881892 DOI: 10.1080/08958370050165049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies have found associations between increases in air pollutants and increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The 1995 finding by Godleski et al. at Harvard that inhalation exposures of dogs to high concentrations of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) caused changes in the ST segment and T waves in the electrocardiogram (ECG) suggested a potential mechanism, and also suggested that inhaled metals might contribute to the effect. We conducted the present study to establish a baseline correspondence to the Godleski et al. findings in preparation for studies of the cardiac effects of specific particle-borne metals. The ROFA used in this study consisted of 45% carbon and 15.5% transition metals by mass. In vitro assays using cultured A549 cells and rat alveolar macrophages demonstrated that the ROFA was biologically active but was not highly cytotoxic. Four 10.5-yr-old beagles were exposed by oral inhalation to 3 mg/m3 of aerosolized ROFA for 3 h/day on 3 consecutive days. During the exposures, ECGs were continuously recorded from leads I, II, III, and V4. ECG data were also collected during three control exposures to clean air, during one of which changes were induced using drugs as a positive control. The ROFA exposures caused no consistent changes in the amplitude of the ST segment, the form or amplitude of the T wave, or arrhythmias. The data suggested a slight slowing of heart rate during exposure. Whether the difference between the present and previous findings resulted from differences in the composition of the two batches of ROFA or differences in methodology could not be determined by the study. This study did not address the cardiac effects of ROFA in subjects having preexisting cardiac susceptibility factors, nor was it a rigorous evaluation of effects on the frequency distribution of heart rate. Our results indicate that healthy dogs can inhale high concentrations of ROFA without changes in cardiac electrophysiology, which are detectable by clinical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Muggenburg
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, PO Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng YS, Yazzie D, Gao J, Muggli D, Etter J, Rosenthal GJ. Particle characteristics and lung deposition patterns in a human airway replica of a dry powder formulation of polylactic acid produced using supercritical fluid technology. J Aerosol Med 2003; 16:65-73. [PMID: 12737686 DOI: 10.1089/089426803764928374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) powders have been used as vector particles to carry pharmaceutical material. Drugs incorporated in the PLA powder can be retained in the lung for a longer period and may be more effective than free-form drugs. A new formulation of L-PLA dry powder, which was easy to disperse in the air, was produced by using a supercritical technology. The L-PLA powder was characterized in terms of physical particle size and aerodynamic size as generated with a Turbuhaler dry powder inhaler (DPI). Electron microscopy analysis of the particles indicated that they were individual particles in bulk form and became aggregate particles after generation by the Turbuhaler. Aerodynamic particle size analysis using both an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) aerosol spectrometer and Andersen impactor showed that the aerodynamic size decreased as the flow rate in the Turbuhaler increased from 28.3 to 90 L min(-1). Deposition patterns in the human respiratory tract were estimated using a realistic physical replica of human airways. Deposition of the L-PLA was high (80.8%) in the oral airway at 28.3 L min(-1) and an average of 73.4% at flow rates of 60 and 90 L min(-1). In the lung region, the deposition totaled 7.2% at 28.3 L min(-1), 18.3% at 60 L min(-1), and 17.6% at 90 L min(-1). These deposition patterns were consistent with aerodynamic size measurement, which showed 76 to 86% deposition in the USP/EP (US Pharmacopoeia/European Pharmacopoeia) induction port. As the flow rate increased, fewer aggregates were formed resulting in the smaller aerodynamic particles. As a result, more particles penetrated the oral airways and were available for deposition in the lung. Our results showed that L-PLA particles as manufactured by the supercritical technology could be used in a DPI that does not require the use of carrier particles to facilitate aerosol delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Internal radiation from inhalation of hafnium tritide aerosols may be a significant radiation protection problem encountered by nuclear facility workers. Based on experimental results of the rat intratracheally instilled with hafnium tritide particles and on a self-absorption factor of beta particles determined by a numerical method, a biokinetic model was developed for inhaled particles of hafnium tritide. Results show that lung burdens of the tritide are well represented by a two-component exponential equation; biological half-lives derived for the retention of 3H in lung were 4.9 d and 1,257 d for the short- and long-term clearance, respectively. The tritium clearance rate via urine or feces was described by bi-phase exponential components. At the end of the experiment (180 d after instillation), only approximately 30% of the initial lung burden of 3H had been eliminated, of which approximately 98% was excreted via feces and 2% in urine, but none through exhaled air. Results also showed that a large percentage (70%) of the hafnium tritide initially present in lung still remained in the organ 6 mo after the exposure. The calculation of the radiation dose indicates that the cumulative dose to the lung directly from the tritide particles was approximately 10(6) times the lung dose from the dissolved tritium in the lung region. The committed effective dose to the lung was estimated to be 5.41 x 10(-10) Sv Bq(-1), which is over 99% of that to the whole body. The dose to the liver was 6.00 x 10(-15) Sv Bq(-1). This information will be useful in developing new guidelines for radiation protection purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pierce RH, Henry MS, Blum PC, Lyons J, Cheng YS, Yazzie D, Zhou Y. Brevetoxin concentrations in marine aerosol: human exposure levels during a Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:161-5. [PMID: 12478439 PMCID: PMC2851154 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-002-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Pierce
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Suk FM, Chen SH, Ho YS, Pan S, Lou HY, Chang CC, Hsieh CR, Cheng YS, Lien GS. It is difficult to eradicate Helicobacter pylori from dental plaque by triple therapy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2002; 65:468-73. [PMID: 12523811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental plaque has been suggested as a permanent reservoir of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and a potential source of reinfection. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of H. pylori in both dental plaque and the stomach and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of triple therapy on H. pylori in dental plaque. METHODS Dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples were obtained from 65 patients with dyspeptic symptoms for endoscopic examination. The prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque and stomach was determined with rapid urease test, histologic examinations and polymerase chain reaction assay based on the primer pair derived from the cagA gene of H. pylori. Triple therapy was administered to patients infected with H. pylori. H. pylori status was re-evaluated after eradication therapy. RESULTS Prior to treatment, H. pylori was found in the stomach in 38 of 65 (58%) patients and in dental plaque in 28 of 65 (43%) patients. The coexisting infection rate of H. pylori in both stomach and dental plaque was 74%. After triple therapy, H. pylori was eradicated from the stomach in 32 of 38 (84%) patients, but only 2 of 28 (7%) patients with coexisting H. pylori infections of stomach and dental plaque showed the elimination of H. pylori from dental plaque. CONCLUSIONS The high coexisting infection rate of H. pylori in both stomach and dental plaque implies that dental plaque can serve as another reservoir of H. pylori. H. pylori in dental plaque was hardly eradicated by triple therapy. Dental plaque may be a potential source for recrudescence of gastric infection after successful systemic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cheng YS, Cheng WC, Yao CH, Hsieh CL, Lin JG, Lai TY, Lin CC, Tsai CC. Effects of buyang huanwu decoction on peripheral nerve regeneration using silicone rubber chambers. Am J Chin Med 2002; 29:423-32. [PMID: 11789585 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x01000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of buyang huanwu decoction on the regeneration of a 10-mm gap of rat sciatic nerve created between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, which were sutured into silicone rubber tubes. Empty silicone rubber tubes with no further treatment were used as controls. Six weeks after implantation, 89% of the animals orally administered the buyang huanwu decoction exhibited regeneration across the nerve gaps, whereas only 70% had regenerated in the control group. Both qualitative and quantitative histology of the regenerated nerves revealed a more mature ultrastructural organization with significantly higher numbers of myelinated axons, larger endoneurial areas, higher axon densities and a larger percentage of axon area per total nerve area in the buyang huanwu group than in the controls. These results showed that the buyang huanwu decoction had a growth-promoting effect on the regenerated nerves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cheng YS, Fu CS, Yazzie D, Zhou Y. Respiratory deposition patterns of salbutamol pMDI with CFC and HFA-134a formulations in a human airway replica. J Aerosol Med 2002; 14:255-66. [PMID: 11681657 DOI: 10.1089/08942680152484180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a technique that uses a well-defined human airway replica and gamma counting as a standard method for evaluating and comparing the performance of medical inhalers and spacers. High-fidelity replicas reproduced as needed from master casts made from human cadavers include the oropharyngeal cavity, larynx, trachea, and five to nine generations of bronchi. Deposition in the small airways and alveoli region of the cast is simulated by material that passes through the upstream airways and is collected on foam filters. Deposition patterns in the respiratory tract replica were obtained by using radiolabel in the medical inhaler and by gamma scintigraphy. This technique was used to determine respiratory deposition patterns of salbutamol in a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC, in-house formulation) and HFA-134 formulations (Proventil hydrofluoroalkane [HFA]). At an inspiration flow of 30 L/min, patterns in the salbutamol/CFC formula showed a high deposition in the oropharyngeal airway (78%) and a 16% deposition in the lung, similar to in vivo measurements reported in the literature. However, the salbutamol/HFA formula showed lower oral deposition (56%) but higher lung deposition (24%). The difference in the oral deposition patterns may be attributed to lower initial spray velocity, initial droplet evaporation rate, and possibly initial droplet sizes of Proventil HFA. The small orifice diameter (0.25 mm) of the Proventil HFA actuator produced a softer plume with a smaller impact force, resulting in lower oropharyngeal deposition. Cascade impactor measurements showed similar aerodynamic particle size distribution of the CFC and HFA formulations. We also showed that using spacers in the Proventil HFA resulted in a lower oropharyngeal deposition and higher lung deposition, indicating beneficial effects. Comparison of oropharyngeal deposition and those predicted by artificial throats used in the impactor measurements showed that, in general, the artificial throat predicted a lower deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cheng YS, Holmes TD, Gao J, Guilmette RA, Li S, Surakitbanharn Y, Rowlings C. Characterization of nasal spray pumps and deposition pattern in a replica of the human nasal airway. J Aerosol Med 2002; 14:267-80. [PMID: 11681658 DOI: 10.1089/08942680152484199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Deposition patterns are described of a nasal spray formulation for a novel rhinovirus protease inhibitor. These patterns, which were generated from different nasal spray pumps, were characterized using a multisectional nasal airway model. A human nasal replica was made from an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of an adult male human. The nasal replica consisted of 77 acrylic plastic sections, 1.5-mm thick. Our data showed that the aerosols were deposited mainly in the anterior and turbinate regions with little passing beyond the nasopharyngeal region. Detailed deposition information from the turbinate region indicated that deposition was high toward the anterior portion where most deposition was concentrated on the inferior meatus. Spray droplets were also deposited in spots of the middle and posterior portions of the turbinate region, and this nonuniform deposition pattern may be correlated with the flow pattern. The spray angle and droplet size of the nasal spray were found to be important in influencing the deposition pattern in the nasal airway. The droplet size was determined by a laser-diffraction technique and the spray angle by high-speed photography. Larger droplets and a wider spray angle increased deposition in the anterior region of the nasal airway, which prevented more material from depositing in the turbinate region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kwitek AE, Tonellato PJ, Chen D, Gullings-Handley J, Cheng YS, Twigger S, Scheetz TE, Casavant TL, Stoll M, Nobrega MA, Shiozawa M, Soares MB, Sheffield VC, Jacob HJ. Automated construction of high-density comparative maps between rat, human, and mouse. Genome Res 2001; 11:1935-43. [PMID: 11691858 PMCID: PMC311144 DOI: 10.1101/gr.173701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have been used primarily as surrogates for humans, having similar disease-based phenotypes. Genomic organization also tends to be conserved between species, leading to the generation of comparative genome maps. The emergence of radiation hybrid (RH) maps, coupled with the large numbers of available Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), has revolutionized the way comparative maps can be built. We used publicly available rat, mouse, and human data to identify genes and ESTs with interspecies sequence identity (homology), identified their UniGene relationships, and incorporated their RH map positions to build integrated comparative maps with >2100 homologous UniGenes mapped in more than one species (approximately 6% of all mammalian genes). The generation of these maps is iterative and labor intensive; therefore, we developed a series of computer tools (not described here) based on our algorithm that identifies anchors between species and produces printable and on-line clickable comparative maps that link to a wide variety of useful tools and databases. The maps were constructed using sequence-based comparisons, thus creating "hooks" for further sequence-based annotation of human, mouse, and rat sequences. Currently, this map enables investigators to link the physiology of the rat with the genetics of the mouse and the clinical significance of the human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Kwitek
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheng YS, Chen HC. Projection-invariant pattern recognition with logarithmic harmonic function and wavelet transform. Appl Opt 2001; 40:4661-4666. [PMID: 18360506 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A logarithmic harmonic filter can detect objects at different projection angles. The Mexican-hat wavelet function can extract edges of equal width for objects, regardless of their sizes. Hence incorporating wavelet filtering in the logarithmic harmonic filter can improve its performance. The theory is presented together with computer simulation. Finally, an experiment using a joint transform correlator is presented to verify the capability of the proposed filter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Institute of Optical Sciences, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 32054.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lien GS, Chen CN, Cheng YS, Chen SH, Pan S, Hsieh MC, Fang CL, Itzkowitz S. Early colonic carcinoma with extensive lymph node metastases: case report and review of literature. Int J Colorectal Dis 2001; 16:262-6. [PMID: 11515687 DOI: 10.1007/s003840000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An 81-year-old woman had an early carcinoma invading focally into the upper submucosa of the middle-transverse colon, which was accompanied by extensive lymph node metastases and resulted in a poor prognosis. Although her tumor was small and flat, a rim of pale yellow-speckled mucosa adjacent to the tumor enabled its earlier detection. To further study the exceptional lymph node metastases we studied the expression of intestinal trefoil factor and sialyl Tn antigen immunohistochemically on the resected specimen. Their simultaneous expression in lymph node metastasis further supports the aggressive nature of this tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Lien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang CC, Pan S, Lien GS, Chen SH, Cheng CJ, Liu JD, Cheng YS, Suk FM. Investigation of the extent of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb by using methylene blue staining. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:729-33. [PMID: 11446879 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The existence of gastric metaplasia (GM) of the duodenal mucosa has been considered to be highly related to the recurrence of duodenal ulcers (DU). The aims of this study are to evaluate the usefulness of methylene blue staining in the detection of GM, and to clarify the relationship between GM and the deformity of the duodenal bulb. METHODS Fifteen patients with healed DU and four patients with symptoms of dyspepsia without evidence of ulcers were enrolled into this endoscopic study. During each endoscopy, methylene blue was sprayed evenly on the duodenal bulb, and biopsies were taken from blue-stained and unstained areas. The existence and extent of GM were assessed histologically and grossly. The correlation between duodenal bulb deformity and the extent of GM was also studied. RESULTS The mean score of methylene blue non-staining (MBNS) was 0, 1.30 +/- 0.15, and 3.00 +/- 0.00 in group A (non-ulcer patients), group B (patients with healed DU and with normal-shaped bulb) and C (patients with healed DU and with deformed duodenal bulb), respectively; showing significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05 in each). Both the existence and the grading of GM were higher in unstained specimens than in blue-stained specimens (100 vs 16.6%, P < 0.0001 and 3.62 +/- 0.09 vs 0.19 +/- 0.06, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Methylene blue non-staining can be applied to investigate the existence and extent of GM in the duodenal bulb accurately. The incidence of GM in the duodenal bulb was higher in patients with healed ulcers than in non-ulcer patients. Patients with deformed duodenal bulbs have a higher extent of GM than those without deformed duodenal bulbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Oral pemphigoid, defined as cicatricial pemphigoid limited to the oral cavity, is a clinical subset of cicatricial pemphigoid. Like cicatricial pemphigoid, it occurs mostly in middle-aged women and it is uncommon in children under 20 years of age. There are 11 cases of childhood cicatricial pemphigoid published previously in the English language literature, and four of them are oral pemphigoid patients. We present a case of the youngest oral pemphigoid patient reported yet. Because of the rareness of cicatricial pemphigoid in children, delayed diagnosis and treatment have been shown in many cases reported earlier. Clinical awareness and early recognition are, therefore, emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75266-0677, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Poivey JP, Cheng YS, Rouvier R, Tai C, Wang CT, Liu HL. Genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Brown Tsaiya ducks artificially inseminated with semen from Muscovy drakes. Poult Sci 2001; 80:703-9. [PMID: 11441835 DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.6.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A selection experiment on maximum duration of fertility of Brown Tsaiya ducks after artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen has been conducted since 1992. The Brown Tsaiya ducks were divided into two lines: a control line (T) with no selection and a selected line (S). The traits measured were the number of eggs set that were laid from Days 2 to 15 after one AI (NES), the number of fertile eggs at candling (NEF), the total number of dead embryos (NED), the maximum duration of fertility (MD), and the number of hatched mule ducklings (NEH). The selected trait was NEF. Six generations with a total of 2,127 females were measured. The variance components were estimated for each line in a multiple-trait animal model, using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology, which yields estimates free of bias caused by selection and inbreeding. Estimates of the heritability and genetic correlation from the two lines were very similar. Heritabilities in the S and T lines, respectively, were 0.14 and 0.10 for NES, 0.30 and 0.26 for NEF, 0.06 and 0.09 for NED, 0.28 and 0.21 for MD, and 0.18 and 0.19 for NEH. High and favorable genetic correlations existed between NEF and MD (0.96 and 0.92), between NEF and NEH (0.86 and 0.91), and between MD and NEH (0.90 and 0.82). The results suggested that selection for NEF could improve the maximum duration of fertility, but it could be useful to check the estimates of genetic parameters in a meat-type female duck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Poivey
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cheng YS, Pan S, Lien GS, Suk FM, Wu MS, Chen JN, Chen SH. Adjuvant sclerotherapy after ligation for the treatment of esophageal varices: a prospective, randomized long-term study. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 53:566-71. [PMID: 11323580 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2001.114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the efficacy of adjuvant sclerotherapy after banding for the treatment of esophageal varices, a randomized trial was carried out of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) alone with sequential sclerotherapy versus sequential ligation-sclerotherapy (SLS) after banding with respect to variceal eradication, associated complications, and recurrence of varices. METHODS One hundred patients qualified for this study. Fourteen patients were not included for the following reasons: 6 chose not to participate, 4 had fundal varices, and 4 had some form of cancer. Of the remaining 86 patients in the study, 42 underwent EVL alone and the other 44 SLS. Variceal ligation was begun in the region of the gastroesophageal junction, with subsequent ligatures applied cephalad 3 to 5 cm; ligation was repeated every 2 weeks until variceal obliteration. For SLS, ligation was also begun in the region of the gastroesophageal junction and repeated until varices were reduced to F1 size. Subsequently, these patients underwent sclerotherapy with between 6 and 8 mL of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (free hand technique). RESULTS No significant differences were found between EVL alone and SLS with regard to variceal eradication, development of associated complications, and recurrent bleeding during a follow-up of 2 years. The probability of variceal recurrence requiring further treatment after 1 year was 14% for the SLS group and 26% for EVL group patients. Another year later, the probability of variceal recurrence was 24% and 45%, respectively, for the SLS and EVL groups. CONCLUSIONS Because a significantly lower rate of variceal recurrence was found for SLS patients, sequential sclerotherapy followed by ligation to eradicate those varices too small to easily band may be a better procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang CC, Pan S, Lien GS, Chen SH, Fang CL, Liu JD, Cheng YS, Suk FM. Relationship of duodenal ulcer recurrence to gastric metaplasia of the duodenal mucosa and duodenal bulb deformity. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100:304-8. [PMID: 11432308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study investigated changes in the severity of gastric metaplasia (GM) of the duodenal mucosa before and after ulcer healing and Helicobacter pylori eradication. It also investigated whether deformity of the duodenal bulb affects the severity of GM and the likelihood of ulcer recurrence. METHODS Eleven patients were consecutively enrolled in this study. They all had duodenal ulcer(s) and H. pylori infection, for which they had received anti-H. pylori triple therapy during the active ulcer stage, and had all undergone serial endoscopic examinations during both the active ulcer and scarring ulcer stages, and at 1 year after ulcer healing. Duodenal biopsies were obtained at each endoscopy to identify the severity of GM. Duodenal ulcers were divided into three types by bulbar shape and GM was classified into four grades of severity. RESULTS All 11 patients had increased GM severity just after ulcer healing. The 1-year follow-up study revealed that the GM was unchanged in six of eight patients with grade 3 GM severity at the scarring stage, while in the other two it regressed to grade 1 or 2; these two patients suffered ulcer recurrence. A markedly deformed bulb (type III) was found in three patients, of whom two had ulcer recurrence. CONCLUSION Two characteristic conditions were found in patients with duodenal ulcer recurrence after H. pylori eradication: a markedly deformed bulb with grade 3 GM at the scarring stage, and a change in GM from high to low grade at or around the previous ulcer site after ulcer healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Two diterpenoids based on novel carbon skeletons, namely, 8,19-dioxo-8,14-seco-chinan-14,11-olide (1) and 8-oxo-8,14-seco-abiet-12-en-14,19-dial (2), have been isolated, together with two new abietane diterpenoids, 13 beta,14 beta-epoxyabiet-7-en-19,6 beta-olide (3) and 7 beta-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-19-al (4), from the leaves of Juniperus chinensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR, and, in the case of 1, X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Lee
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung-Hwai College of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cheng YS, Lee MS, Lai SY, Doong SR, Wang MY. Separation of pure and immunoreactive virus-like particles using gel filtration chromatography following immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2001; 17:318-25. [PMID: 11312710 DOI: 10.1021/bp000155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A purification process was developed to obtain highly pure rVP2H particles, formed by a structural protein (VP2) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with six additional histidine residues at its C-terminus. The ultimate goal was the development of an efficient subunit vaccine against IBDV infection. The particles within the infected High-Five (Hi-5) cell lysates were partially purified by employing immobilized metal ion (Ni(2+)) affinity chromatography (IMAC). The initial step could recover approximately 85% of immunoreactive rVP2H proteins but failed to separate the rVP2H particles from the free rVP2H proteins or its degraded products. To separate the particulate form from the free form of rVP2H, an additional step was added, which used either gel filtration chromatography or CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation. Both were able to produce extremely pure rVP2H particles with a buoyant density close to 1.27 g/cm(3). However, the former method can process a larger sample volume than does the latter. By integrating IMAC and gel filtration chromatography, 1 mg of extremely pure rVP2H particles was routinely obtained from a 500 mL Hi-5 cell culture broth. The separation of the particulate form from the free form of rVP2H proteins exposes their respective immunogenicity to induce the virus-neutralizing antibodies and the ability to protect chickens from IBDV infection. Additionally, the abundant quantities of pure rVP2H particles coupled with their uniform dimensions facilitates an understanding of higher order structure of the immunogenic particles and can therefore result in improved vaccines against the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and The Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Inkret WC, Schillaci ME, Boyce MK, Cheng YS, Efurd DW, Little TT, Miller G, Musgrave JA, Wermer JR. Internal dosimetry for inhalation of hafnium tritide aerosols. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2001; 93:55-60. [PMID: 11548328 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal tritides with low dissolution rates may have residence times in the lungs which are considerably longer than the biological half-time normally associated with tritium in body water, resulting in long-term irradiation of the lungs by low energy beta particles and bremsstrahlung X rays. Samples of hafnium tritide were placed in a lung simulant fluid to determine approximate lung dissolution rates. Hafnium hydride samples were analysed for particle size distribution with a scanning electron microscope. Lung simulant data indicated a biological dissolution half-time for hafnium tritide on the order of 10(5) d. Hafnium hydride particle sizes ranged between 2 and 10 microns, corresponding to activity median aerodynamic diameters of 5 to 25 microns. Review of in vitro dissolution data, development of a biokinetic model, and determination of secondary limits for 1 micron AMAD particles are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Inkret
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hsu YS, Lien GS, Lai HH, Cheng YS, Hu CH, Hsieh MC, Fang CL, Pan S. Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex syndrome) with adenocarcinoma of the colon: report of a case and review of the literature. J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:460-4. [PMID: 10864355 DOI: 10.1007/s005350070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica is a rare disease and is uncommon even in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. We report a 63-year-old man with a 1-month history of numerous pruritic lesions and vesicles on both feet. Although he had received local therapy, progressive dense scale formation involving both palms and both soles was found. Colonoscopy was performed because of hematochezia, and it revealed an early colon cancer. After the resection of the cancer, the skin lesions began to fall off dramatically. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica associated with colon cancer in the literature. This is the first case report of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica associated with early colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cheng YS, Yang WZ, Johnson RC, Yuan HS. Structural analysis of the transcriptional activation region on Fis: crystal structures of six Fis mutants with different activation properties. J Mol Biol 2000; 302:1139-51. [PMID: 11183780 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Fis protein regulates gene expression in Escherichia coli by activating or repressing transcription of a variety of genes. Fis can activate transcription when bound to DNA upstream of the RNA-polymerase-binding site, such as in the rrnB P1 promoter, or when bound to a site overlapping the -35 RNA polymerase binding site, such as in the proP P2 promoter. It has been suggested that transcriptional activation in both promoters results from interactions between specific amino acids within a turn connecting the B and C helices (the BC turn) in Fis and the C-terminal domain of the alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase (alphaCTD of RNAP). Here, crystal structures of six Fis BC turn mutants with different transcriptional activation properties, Q68A, R71Y, R71L, G72A, G72D and Q74A, were determined at 1.9 to 2.8 A resolution. Two of these mutants, R71Y and R71L, crystallized in unit cells which are different from that of wild-type Fis, and the structure of R71L offers the most complete Fis model to date in that the extended structure of the N-terminal region is revealed. The BC turn in all of these mutant structures remains in a nearly identical gamma gamma beta-turn conformation as present in wild-type Fis. Analyses of the molecular surfaces of the transactivation region of the mutants suggest that several residues in or near the BC turn, including Gln68, Arg71, Gly72 and Gln74, form a ridge that could contact the alphaCTD of RNAP on one side. The structures and biochemical properties of the mutants suggest that Arg71 is the most critical residue for contacting RNAP within this ridge and that the glycine at position 72 helps to stabilize the structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A two-step holographic process is introduced to fabricate a cylindrical multiplex hologram as an image-plane hologram. By adoption of the achromatic angle in the process the hologram is capable of generating an achromatic image. The most important factors, the location as well as the width of the viewing slits, that affect the quality of the observed image are analyzed and discussed. The change of aspect ratio for the observed image as a function of the viewing distance is theoretically and numerically analyzed. This method can not only eliminate the annoying picket-fence effect but can also increase the vertical viewing range for the observer. Computer simulations as well as experimental results are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Institute of Optical Sciences, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu MS, Chan P, Lien GS, Cheng YS, Pan S. Ticlopidine-induced severe cholestatic hepatitis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2000; 63:663-6. [PMID: 10969455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a case study of an 86-year-old female patient with severe cholestatic hepatitis who was undergoing treatment with oral ticlopidine 250 mg daily for coronary artery disease. The patient had nausea and vomiting and was jaundiced after taking ticlopidine for 6 weeks. She was admitted to the hospital for further evaluation. Ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography eliminated the presence of biliary obstruction. Results from a liver biopsy showed a histopathologic picture consistent with cholestatic hepatitis. Ticlopidine-induced cholestatic hepatitis has been reported 32 times in the foreign literature. This is the first reported severe cholestatic hepatitis (total bilirubin up to 43 mg/dl) case in Taiwan. Ticlopidine-related blood dyscrasia is a renowned adverse drug effect; liver function should be monitored in patients receiving ticlopidine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Wu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bian XW, Du LL, Shi JQ, Cheng YS, Liu FX. Correlation of bFGF, FGFR-1 and VEGF expression with vascularity and malignancy of human astrocytomas. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2000; 22:267-74. [PMID: 10872046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of angiogenic factor expression levels with the degrees of malignancy and vascularity and their clinicopathologic significance in astrocytomas. STUDY DESIGN Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg) was used as the marker of endothelia and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); FGF receptor (FGFR)-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were qualitatively and quantitatively detected with immunohistochemistry and image analysis in 61 brain astrocytomas. The correlation with tumor grades, angiogenesis and prognosis was studied. RESULTS Measurement of FVIIIRAg expression could describe endothelial proliferation and vascularity, which were related to grade of tumor and prognosis. bFGF and VEGF expression levels in neoplastic astrocytes and endothelia were significantly different in various grades of astrocytoma. These angiogenic factors affected the positive reaction areas and integral optical densities of FVIII-RAg as well as survival time. In contrast, the expression of FGFR-1 was related to neither bFGF nor FVIIIRAg and had no significant effect on tumor malignancy. CONCLUSION Positive regulation by bFGF and autocrine/paracrine VEGF contributes to the growth and angiogenesis of astrocytomas. Measurement of endothelial cell proliferation with FVIIIRAg in tumor stroma and quantitative detection of angiogenic factor levels in neoplastic cells had prognostic value in brain astrocytomas. The results also indicate that inhibiting bFGF and VEGF expression and/or blocking their effects could be a very useful therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X W Bian
- Department of Pathology, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cheng YS, Brantner CA, Tsapin A, Collins ML. Role of the H protein in assembly of the photochemical reaction center and intracytoplasmic membrane in Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:1200-7. [PMID: 10671438 PMCID: PMC94403 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.5.1200-1207.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1999] [Accepted: 12/06/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum is a model for the study of membrane formation. Under conditions of oxygen limitation, this facultatively phototrophic bacterium forms an intracytoplasmic membrane that houses the photochemical apparatus. This apparatus consists of two pigment-protein complexes, the light-harvesting antenna (LH) and photochemical reaction center (RC). The proteins of the photochemical components are encoded by the puf operon (LHalpha, LHbeta, RC-L, and RC-M) and by puhA (RC-H). R. rubrum puf interposon mutants do not form intracytoplasmic membranes and are phototrophically incompetent. The puh region was cloned, and DNA sequence determination identified open reading frames bchL and bchM and part of bchH; bchHLM encode enzymes of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis. A puhA/G115 interposon mutant was constructed and found to be incapable of phototrophic growth and impaired in intracytoplasmic membrane formation. Comparison of properties of the wild-type and the mutated and complemented strains suggests a model for membrane protein assembly. This model proposes that RC-H is required as a foundation protein for assembly of the RC and highly developed intracytoplasmic membrane. In complemented strains, expression of puh occurred under semiaerobic conditions, thus providing the basis for the development of an expression vector. The puhA gene alone was sufficient to restore phototrophic growth provided that recombination occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
This study addresses the anticipated problem of discriminating among high-performing dentin adhesives. The simplicity of the nominal shear bond test, despite being heavily criticized, has made it a routine procedure for the determination of bonding efficacy. A fracture mechanics approach has been suggested as a better assessment of bonding efficacy (Versluis et al., 1997). However, experimental complexity is a major limitation. It is hypothesized that a new, simplified interfacial fracture toughness test (Lin, 1994) will evaluate bonding agents differently if compared with the traditional shear bond test. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the performances of six dentin bonding agents subjected to the interfacial fracture toughness test (critical plane strain energy release rate) or to the nominal shear bond test (shear bond strength). Their performances were also characterized by scanning electron micrography of the fracture surfaces for evidence of dentin cohesive failure. Statistical analyses showed only marginal differences between these determinants of the two tests. However, when the analysis was applied only to the materials that had 100% frequency of dentin cohesive failure in shear testing, which also had high bonding efficacy, the difference in adhesive strengths between the two tests became significant. The reliability of the nominal shear test is questioned when dentin cohesive failure occurs, which usually is associated with high bonding efficacy. Since it is expected that bonding efficacy will increase further, the interfacial fracture toughness test is the preferred methodology to distinguish among high-performing dentin adhesives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Tantbirojn
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Oral Science, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
A theory for making a disk-type multiplex hologram is derived. This theory relates the final image point, as seen by the observer, to a point on the original three-dimensional object through a set of equations. From these equations the distortion of the image and the wavelength as seen by each individual eye can be evaluated. Computer simulation shows the characteristics of this hologram. Some experimental results also confirm these characteristics. By reversing the process and specifying a desired image, we generated a set of distorted two-dimensional originals. The hologram fabricated with these distorted images can generate nearly distortion-free images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Institute of Optical Sciences, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 32054, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
More than a hundred naturally occurring mutations of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) have been identified at the amino acid level. The abundance of distinct mutation sites and their clinical manifestations make this enzyme ideal for structure-function analysis studies. We present here a sequence and structure combined analysis by which the severity of clinical symptoms resulting from point mutations of this enzyme is correlated with quantified degrees of amino acid conservation within 23 G6PD sequences from different organisms. Our analysis verifies, on a quantitative basis, a widely held notion that clinically severer mutations of G6PD usually occur at conserved amino acids. However, marked exceptions to this general trend exist which are most notably revealed by a number of mutations associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (class I variants). When mapped onto a homology-derived structural model of human G6PD, these class I mutational sites of low amino acid conservation appear to localize in two spatially distinct clusters, both of which are populated with mutations consisting mainly of clinically severer variants (i.e. class I and class II). These results of computer-assisted analyses contribute to a further understanding of the structure-function relationships of human G6PD deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|