1
|
MacGowan AP, Attwood MLG, Noel AR, Barber R, Aron Z, Opperman TJ, Grimsey E, Stone J, Ricci V, Piddock LJV. Exposure of Escherichia coli to antibiotic-efflux pump inhibitor combinations in a pharmacokinetic model: impact on bacterial clearance and drug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2869-2877. [PMID: 37837411 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) offer an attractive therapeutic option when combined with existing classes. However, their optimal dosing strategies are unknown. METHODS MICs of ciprofloxacin (CIP)+/-chlorpromazine, phenylalanine-arginine β naphthylamide (PAβN) and a developmental molecule MBX-4191 were determined and the pharmacodynamics (PD) was studied in an in vitro model employing Escherichia coli MG1655 and its isogenic MarR mutant (I1147). Exposure ranging experiments were performed initially then fractionation. Changes in bacterial load and population profiles were assessed. Strains recovered after EPI simulations were studied by WGS. RESULTS The CIPMICs for E. coli MG1655 and I1147 were 0.08 and 0.03 mg/L. Chlorpromazine at a concentration of 60 mg/L, PAβN concentrations of 30 mg/L and MBX-4191 concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mg/L reduced CIP MICs for I1147 and enhanced bacterial killing. Using CIP at an AUC of 1.2 mg·h/L, chlorpromazine AUC was best related to reduction in bacterial load at 24 h, however, when the time drug concentration was greater than 25 mg/L (T > 25 mg/L) chlorpromazine was also strongly related to the effect. For PaβN with CIP AUC, 0.6 mg·h/L PaβN AUC was best related to a reduction in bacterial load. MBX-4191T > 0.5-0.75 mg·h/L was best related to reduction in bacterial load. Changes in population profiles were not seen in experiments of ciprofloxacin + EPIs. WGS of recovered strains from simulations with all three EPIs showed mutations in gyrA, gyrB or marR. CONCLUSIONS AUC was the pharmacodynamic driver for chlorpromazine and PAβN while T > threshold was the driver for MBX-4191 and important in the activity of chlorpromazine and PAβN. Changes in population profiles did not occur with combinations of ciprofloxacin + EPIs, however, mutations in gyrA, gyrB and marR were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair P MacGowan
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - M L G Attwood
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Alan R Noel
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - R Barber
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zachary Aron
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Grimsey
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jack Stone
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - L J V Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Edwards MR, Liu G, De S, Sourimant J, Pietzsch C, Johnson B, Amarasinghe GK, Leung DW, Bukreyev A, Plemper RK, Aron Z, Bowlin TL, Moir DT, Basler CF. Small Molecule Compounds That Inhibit Antioxidant Response Gene Expression in an Inducer-Dependent Manner. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:489-502. [PMID: 31899866 PMCID: PMC7793009 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe disease in humans and is known to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the major transcription factor of the antioxidant response. Canonical activation of Nrf2 involves oxidative or electrophilic stress that prevents Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) targeted degradation of Nrf2, leading to Nrf2 stabilization and activation of the antioxidant response. MARV activation of Nrf2 is noncanonical with the MARV VP24 protein (mVP24) interacting with Keap1, freeing Nrf2 from degradation. A high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed to identify inhibitors of mVP24-induced Nrf2 activity and used to screen more than 55,000 compounds. Hit compounds were further screened against secondary HTS assays for the inhibition of antioxidant activity induced by additional canonical and noncanonical mechanisms. This pipeline identified 14 compounds that suppress the response, dependent on the inducer, with 50% inhibitory concentrations below 5 μM and selectivity index values greater than 10. Notably, several of the identified compounds specifically inhibit mVP24-induced Nrf2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gai Liu
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Sampriti De
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Julien Sourimant
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Colette Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Britney Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zachary Aron
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Terry L. Bowlin
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Donald T. Moir
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aron Z, Opperman TJ. The hydrophobic trap-the Achilles heel of RND efflux pumps. Res Microbiol 2017; 169:393-400. [PMID: 29146106 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily efflux pumps play a major role in multidrug resistance (MDR) of Gram-negative pathogens by extruding diverse classes of antibiotics from the cell. There has been considerable interest in developing efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) of RND pumps as adjunctive therapies. The primary challenge in EPI discovery has been the highly hydrophobic, poly-specific substrate binding site of the target. Recent findings have identified the hydrophobic trap, a narrow phenylalanine-lined groove in the substrate-binding site, as the "Achilles heel" of the RND efflux pumps. In this review, we will examine the hydrophobic trap as an EPI target and two chemically distinct series of EPIs that bind there.
Collapse
|
4
|
Aron Z, Opperman TJ. Optimization of a novel series of pyranopyridine RND efflux pump inhibitors. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 33:1-6. [PMID: 27232955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens complicates our ability to treat bacterial infections with antibiotics. MDR efflux pumps play a major role in the acquisition and expression of the MDR phenotype. The major MDR efflux pumps in Gram-negative pathogens are the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily pumps. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) that target RND superfamily pumps could play an important role in the clinic as an adjunctive therapy to increase antibiotic efficacy, decrease resistance, and attenuate virulence in Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in the discovery and structurally enabled optimization of a novel series of RND-targeting pyranopyridine EPIs currently in the early stages of lead optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Aron
- Microbiotix, Inc., One Innovation Dr., Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Timothy J Opperman
- Microbiotix, Inc., One Innovation Dr., Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
| |
Collapse
|