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Makalatia K, Kakabadze E, Wagemans J, Grdzelishvili N, Bakuradze N, Natroshvili G, Macharashvili N, Sedrakyan A, Arakelova K, Ktsoyan Z, Zakharyan M, Gevorgyan Z, Mnatsakanyan A, Tishkova F, Lood C, Vandenheuvel D, Lavigne R, Pirnay JP, De Vos D, Chanishvili N, Merabishvili M. Characterization of Salmonella Isolates from Various Geographical Regions of the Caucasus and Their Susceptibility to Bacteriophages. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121418. [PMID: 33321823 PMCID: PMC7764154 DOI: 10.3390/v12121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella present a major threat to animal and human health as food-borne infectious agents. We characterized 91 bacterial isolates from Armenia and Georgia in detail, using a suite of assays including conventional microbiological methods, determining antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, serotyping (using the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme) and genotyping (repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR)). No less than 61.5% of the isolates were shown to be multidrug-resistant. A new antimicrobial treatment strategy is urgently needed. Phage therapy, the therapeutic use of (bacterio-) phages, the bacterial viruses, to treat bacterial infections, is increasingly put forward as an additional tool for combatting antibiotic resistant infections. Therefore, we used this representative set of well-characterized Salmonella isolates to analyze the therapeutic potential of eleven single phages and selected phage cocktails from the bacteriophage collection of the Eliava Institute (Georgia). All isolates were shown to be susceptible to at least one of the tested phage clones or their combinations. In addition, genome sequencing of these phages revealed them as members of existing phage genera (Felixounavirus, Seunavirus, Viunavirus and Tequintavirus) and did not show genome-based counter indications towards their applicability against non-typhoidal Salmonella in a phage therapy or in an agro-food setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Makalatia
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elene Kakabadze
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (J.W.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Nino Grdzelishvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Department of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Nata Bakuradze
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Gulnara Natroshvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Nino Macharashvili
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases and AIDS Center, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia;
| | - Anahit Sedrakyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Karine Arakelova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zhanna Ktsoyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Magdalina Zakharyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (A.S.); (K.A.); (Z.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zaruhi Gevorgyan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Armine Mnatsakanyan
- Microbiological Laboratory, Nork Infectious Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0047, Armenia;
| | - Farida Tishkova
- Virology Laboratory, Tajik Research Institute of Preventive Medicine, 734025 Dushanbe, Tajikistan;
| | - Cédric Lood
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (J.W.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (J.W.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium; (J.-P.P.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium; (J.-P.P.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maia Merabishvili
- Research & Development Department, George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (E.K.); (N.G.); (N.B.); (G.N.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium; (J.-P.P.); (D.D.V.)
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Hovhannisyan A, Mkhoyan A, Gyulazyan N, Asoyan V, Navoyan T, Gevorgyan Z, Simonyan M. Epidemiology and economic losses of rotavirus infection associated with hospitalization of Armenian children. J Infect Dev Ctries 2019; 13:348-351. [PMID: 32045380 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.10883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Limited data exist on the epidemiology and burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Armenia. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic losses and describe the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infections in hospitalized children in Armenia. METHODOLOGY A retrospective chart review was performed of all children (aged < 5 years) with Rotavirus infection admitted to the "Nork" Republican Infection Clinical Hospital in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, between January and July 2014. Criteria of inclusion were age under 5 years old and presence of RV antigen in stool by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The total number of patients was 126; average age was 28.7 ± 13.3 months; 54.8% were male. The highest number of cases (31.8%) was observed in April. Most of the patients (71.4%) were hospitalized in the first three days, demonstrating an acute onset of the disease. In total 19% of the patients had received RV vaccine and, despite this, were infected with RV. Based on bacteriological examination of stool, 18.3% of patients had RV infection combined with pathogenic or conditional pathogenic microflora. All patients spent 817 days in total in the hospital. Economic losses associated with hospitalization were 16340000 AMD (≈ 33346 USD). CONCLUSION Rotavirus carries significant morbidity and economic losses. Comprehensive estimates of the disease characteristics and introduction of a national immunization program against RV initiated in 2012 may decrease this burden. Further studies to evaluate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of such a program are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvard Hovhannisyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Anna Mkhoyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Naira Gyulazyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Vigen Asoyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Tsoghik Navoyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Zaruhi Gevorgyan
- Department of Microbiology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Marta Simonyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Zardaryan E, Paronyan L, Bakunts V, Gevorgyan Z, Asoyan V, Apresyan H, Hovhannisyan A, Palayan K, Kuchuloria T, Rivard RG, Bautista CT. Intestinal Infections Among Febrile Hospitalized Patients in the Republic of Armenia: A Retrospective Chart Review. J Community Health 2018; 41:939-45. [PMID: 26992893 PMCID: PMC5010829 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past, several enteric outbreaks in 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2003 caused by Salmonella typhi, a Gram-negative bacterium, have occurred in Armenia. This study describes the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of febrile hospitalized patients with intestinal infections in Armenia. Using a chart review study design, medical data from adult patients who were hospitalized at the Nork hospital
during 2010–2012 were reviewed. A total of 600 medical charts were reviewed. Of these, 51 % were diagnosed with intestinal infections. Among these patients, 59 % had an intestinal infection of known etiology, with three main pathogens identified: Salmonella sp. (32 %), Shigella sp. (32 %), and Staphylococcus aureus (18 %). After controlling for the calendar year, age in years, and gender, patients detected with Salmonella sp. were more likely to reported the presence of a family member with similar signs or symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 9.0; 95 % CI 2.4–33.7] and the lack of a water tap at home (OR 3.9; 95 % CI 1.7–9.5). Evidence indicates that Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and S. aureus as the most common etiologies reported among febrile hospitalized patients. A high percentage of patients had intestinal infections of unknown etiology; thus, improvement in laboratory capacity (enabling more advanced tests, such as polymerase chain reaction) would increase the identification of the enteropathogens causing disease in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lusine Paronyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vahe Bakunts
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Vigen Asoyan
- The Nork Infectious Clinical Hospital, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Karo Palayan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tinatin Kuchuloria
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Robert G Rivard
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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Paronyan L, Zardaryan E, Bakunts V, Gevorgyan Z, Asoyan V, Apresyan H, Hovhannisyan A, Palayan K, Bautista CT, Kuchuloria T, Rivard RG. A retrospective chart review study to describe selected zoonotic and arboviral etiologies in hospitalized febrile patients in the Republic of Armenia. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:445. [PMID: 27553785 PMCID: PMC4995752 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scant information is available on the infectious causes of febrile illnesses in Armenia. The goal of this study was to describe the most common causes, with a focus on zoonotic and arboviral infections and related epidemiological and clinical patterns for hospitalized patients with febrile illnesses of infectious origin admitted to Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, the referral center for infectious diseases in the capital city, Yerevan. METHOD A chart review study was conducted in 2014. Data were abstracted from medical charts of adults (≥18 years) with a fever (≥38 °C), who were hospitalized (for ≥24 h) in 2010-2012. RESULTS Of the 600 patients whose charts were analyzed, 76 % were from Yerevan and 51 % were male; the mean age (± standard deviation) was 35.5 (±16) years. Livestock exposure was recorded in 5 % of charts. Consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized dairy products were reported in 11 and 8 % of charts, respectively. Intestinal infections (51 %) were the most frequently reported final medical diagnoses, followed by diseases of the respiratory system (11 %), infectious mononucleosis (9.5 %), chickenpox (8.3 %), brucellosis (8.3 %), viral hepatitis (3.2 %), and erysipelas (1.5 %). Reviewed medical charts included two cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO), two cutaneous anthrax cases, two leptospirosis cases, three imported malaria cases, one case of rickettsiosis, and one case of rabies. Engagement in agricultural activities, exposure to animals, consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk, and male gender were significantly associated with brucellosis. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicated that brucellosis was the most frequently reported zoonotic disease among hospitalized febrile patients. Overall, these study results suggest that zoonotic and arboviral infections were not common etiologies among febrile adult patients admitted to the Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Paronyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Eduard Zardaryan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vahe Bakunts
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaruhi Gevorgyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vigen Asoyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hripsime Apresyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alvard Hovhannisyan
- Nork Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karo Palayan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Tinatin Kuchuloria
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Robert G Rivard
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
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Sahakyan G, Grigoryan S, Wasley A, Mosina L, Sargsyan S, Asoyan A, Gevorgyan Z, Kocharyan K, Avagyan T, Lopman B, Vanyan A, Khactatryan S, Parashar UD, Cortese MM. Impact and Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine in Armenian Children. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 2:S147-54. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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