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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Singh
- Member, Journal Advisory Board, Indian Journal of Public Health; Former Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune and Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Stalin P, Manikandan M, Antony V, Murugan N, Singh Z, Kisku KH, Purty AJ, Vasudevan K, Cherian J, Babu V, Pajanivel R, Kalaiselvan G. Identifying and Addressing Factors Contributing to Pretreatment Loss to Follow-Up of Tuberculosis Patients Referred for Treatment from Medical Colleges in Pondicherry: An Implementation Research. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:27-31. [PMID: 32029980 PMCID: PMC6985961 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_118_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In India, there is no feedback regarding 34% of tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed and referred from medical colleges for treatment to peripheral health institutions (PHIs). Objectives: The aim of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the new intervention package, developed based on qualitative study in reducing pretreatment loss to follow-up (PTLFU) of all TB patients diagnosed and referred for treatment from medical colleges to PHIs. Materials and Methods: An intervention was developed based on the findings of in depth-interviews conducted among different stakeholders such as TB patients who did/did not report, service providers working in four medical colleges in Pondicherry. Intervention consisting of phone calls, home visits, etc., was implemented for a period of 6 months. The baseline and endline proportion of TB patients for whom feedback received was determined from the available records (Revised National TB Control Program State Task Force Quarterly reports). Results: Patient's ignorance, lack of faith in healthcare system, side effects and social stigma, unpleasant experience in hospitals, poor accessibility to directly observed treatment, short-course centers, drugs shortage, poor coordination between program and hospital staff were the risk factors for PTLFU. At baseline, the proportions of feedback received about TB patients referred for treatment from medical colleges to PHIs was 46%. After the initiation of interventions, it increased to 61% and 66% in the first and second quarters of 2017, respectively. Conclusion: Risk factors for PTLFU were multi-factorial related to both patient and health system. Simple, feasible interventions such as phone calls and home visits to TB patients were effective in reducing PTLFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stalin
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - M Manikandan
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Vincent Antony
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - N Murugan
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - King Herald Kisku
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Anil Jacob Purty
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Kavita Vasudevan
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Johnson Cherian
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Venkateswara Babu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - R Pajanivel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - G Kalaiselvan
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
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Venkatachalam J, Natesan M, Eswaran M, Johnson AKS, Bharath V, Singh Z. Prevalence of osteoarthritis of knee joint among adult population in a rural area of Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Public Health 2019; 62:117-122. [PMID: 29923535 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_344_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative disorders among the elderly population; although aging is the most important cause, research has shown that it is a complex disease with many etiologies. It is not an inevitable part of aging but rather the result of a combination of factors, many of which can be modified or prevented. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the burden and determinants of OA knee among the adult population. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study among 1986 adult persons living in a rural area in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, South India, was interviewed and examined from January 2014 to December 2014. Data collection was done by the postgraduates, trained health workers under the supervision of principal investigator. Written and informed consent was obtained before data collection. OA was diagnosed using the criteria laid down by the American College of Rheumatology, and it was validated and tested in the study area. Results: A total of 1986 adult respondents were interviewed out of which 27.1% had OA of knee. Age more than 50 years, female gender, tobacco usage, illiteracy, lower socioeconomic class, positive family history of OA, diabetes, and hypertension were found to be associated with OA knee (P < 0.05). Conclusion The burden of osteoarthritis knee was high in this region. Hence, effective preventive strategy has to be taken to minimize this burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Venkatachalam
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Natesan
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, PIMS, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthurajesh Eswaran
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abel K Samuel Johnson
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - V Bharath
- Lecturer, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, PIMS, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zile Singh
- (Rtd) Professor and Head of Community Medicine, PIMS, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
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Singh Z. Community Medicine – Prep Manual for Undergraduates. Indian J Community Med 2019. [PMCID: PMC6437799 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India. E-mail:
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Vishnuprasad R, Bazroy J, Madhanraj K, Prashanth HR, Singh Z, Samuel AK, Muthukumar T. Visual impairment among 10-14-year school children in Puducherry: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2017; 6:58-62. [PMID: 29026750 PMCID: PMC5629901 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.214983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: According to the 2010 estimates by the World Health Organization, nearly 285 million (4.24% of total population) people of all ages worldwide are visually impaired. Almost 18.9 million children under 15 years of age are visually impaired globally. In developing countries, 7%–31% of childhood blindness and visual impairment is avoidable. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study among 1884 school students in Puducherry, in the age group of 10–14 years. A child with presenting maximum vision ≤6/12 Snellen equivalent in the better eye is considered visually impaired. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square test was applied for testing difference in proportion and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of visual impairment (vision ≤6/12) among the study participants was 6.37% (95% confidence interval = 5.27–7.47). The prevalence of visual impairment increased with age and it was found to be high among male students (6.6%) when compared to female students (6%). Presenting vision of 6/6 was observed in 79.8% of the children while with pinhole correction, the proportion increased to 94.6%. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in our study population was found to be 6.37% and the prevalence was even higher among children who belonged to schools of urban region or private schools. Children with a positive family history of spectacle use were more likely to have visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joy Bazroy
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - K Madhanraj
- Department of Community Medicine, ACS Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hannah Ranjee Prashanth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Abel K Samuel
- Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - T Muthukumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research institution, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnamohan S, Stalin P, Singh Z, Sridhar M. Efficacy of Health Education using Facebook to Promote Healthy Lifestyle among Medical Students in Puducherry, India: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:LC07-LC10. [PMID: 28892935 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27385.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing burden of overweight and obesity among young adults is mainly due to unhealthy lifestyle especially with respect to diet and physical activity. At the same time, younger generations are spending more time with social network sites. Therefore, this study was intended to explore the role of social networking sites in promoting healthy lifestyle. AIM To measure the efficacy of health education using social networking sites in promoting healthy lifestyle among medical students in Puducherry, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in a private medical college located in Puducherry. The study participants were overweight/obese individuals with (intervention arm) and without Facebook account (control arm). Following a baseline survey, both the groups received health education from dietician and physical trainer using Audiovisual (AV) aids. Intervention group received health education through Facebook in the forms of messages, pictures and videos for six weeks. Then, follow up survey was done to assess the change in dietary pattern, physical activity and body weight. Data of those who attended baseline, intervention and follow up surveys (23- control and 22- intervention) were analysed. Means and proportions were calculated. Paired t-test and Chi-square test were used to calculate the p-value. The p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Mean number of days of junk food intake per week was reduced in both control and intervention groups from 2.91 days/week and 3.27 days/week at baseline to 2.65 days/week to two days/week at follow up respectively. A significant decrease in the Body Mass Index (BMI) (p<0.05) was found among the control group (baseline: 25.57, follow up: 25.15). No significant changes were found with respect to physical activity and intake of fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSION Except for the decrease in junk food intake, use of Facebook as an effective tool to promote healthy lifestyle could not be proved with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Krishnamohan
- Medical Student, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - P Stalin
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Maghida Sridhar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Newtonraj A, Murugan N, Singh Z, Chauhan RC, Velavan A, Mani M. Factors Associated with Physical Inactivity among Adult Urban Population of Puducherry, India: A Population Based Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:LC15-LC17. [PMID: 28658812 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24028.9853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Increase in physical activity decreases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, and improves psychological wellbeing. AIM To study the level of physical inactivity among the adult population in an urban area of Puducherry in India and its associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 569 adult participants from an urban area of Pondicherry. The level of physical inactivity was measured by using WHO standard Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). RESULTS Overall prevalence of physical inactivity in our study was 49.7% (CI: 45.6-53.8). Among the physically active people, contribution of physical activity by work was 77.4%, leisure time activities were 11.6% and transport time was 11%. Both men and women were equally inactive {Physically inactive among women was 50% (CI:44.1-55.9)} and {Physically inactive among men was 49.5% (CI:43.8-55.2)}. Prevalence of physical inactivity was increasing with increasing age. Non tobacco users were two times more active than tobacco users {Adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.183 (1.175- 4.057)}. Employed were more active as compared to retired {Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.412 (0.171-0.991)}, students {Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.456 (0.196-1.060)}, house wives {Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.757 (0.509-1.127)} and unemployed {Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.538 (0.271-1.068)}. Non alcoholics were only 0.34 times as active as alcoholics. CONCLUSION Level of physical activity was found to be insufficient among adult urban population of Puducherry. Working adult population found to be active, that too due to their work pattern. There is a need to promote leisure time and travelling time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariarathinam Newtonraj
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Puducherry, India
| | - Natesan Murugan
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Chauhan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anandan Velavan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Puducherry, India
| | - Manikandan Mani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Puducherry, India
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Selvaraj K, Kumar AMV, Chawla S, Shringarpure KS, Thekkur P, Palanivel C, Verma PB, Shah AN, Pandya KN, Roy G, Singh Z, Rewari BB, Dongre AR. Are partners of HIV-infected people being tested for HIV? A mixed-methods research from Gujarat, India. Public Health Action 2017; 7:46-54. [PMID: 28775943 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Four selected antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres of Gujarat State, India, which accounts for 8% of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden in India. Objectives: 1) To assess the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) whose partners were not tested for HIV; 2) to assess sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of index cases associated with partner testing; and 3) to understand perceived facilitators and barriers to partner testing and make suggestions on how to improve testing from the perspective of the health-care provider. Design: A mixed-method design with a quantitative phase that involved reviewing the programme records of married PLHIV enrolled during 2011-2015, followed by a qualitative phase of key informant interviews. Results: Of 3884 married PLHIV, 1279 (33%) did not have their partners tested for HIV. Factors including index cases being male, illiterate, aged >25 years, belonging to key populations, substance use and being in advanced clinical stages were more likely to be associated with partner non-testing. Non-disclosure of HIV status (due to fear of marital discord) and lack of awareness and risk perception were the key barriers to testing. Conclusion: One third of PLHIV did not have their partners tested for HIV. Several factors were identified as being associated with the non-testing of partners, and solutions were explored that need to be implemented urgently if we are to achieve the 90-90-90 targets and end HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Selvaraj
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India.,The Union, Paris, France
| | - S Chawla
- Gujarat State AIDS Control Society, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - K S Shringarpure
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Government Medical College, Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - P Thekkur
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - C Palanivel
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - P B Verma
- Department of Community Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - A N Shah
- Department of Medicine, BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - K N Pandya
- Department of Medicine, MP Shah Government Medical College and GG Government Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - G Roy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Z Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - B B Rewari
- World Health Organization Country Office India, New Delhi, India
| | - A R Dongre
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
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Kalyanasundaram M, Abraham SB, Ramachandran D, Jayaseelan V, Bazroy J, Singh Z, Purty AJ. Effectiveness of Mind Mapping Technique in Information Retrieval Among Medical College Students in Puducherry-A Pilot Study. Indian J Community Med 2017; 42:19-23. [PMID: 28331249 PMCID: PMC5348998 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.199793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional teaching learning methods involve a one way process of transmission of knowledge leaving the students lacking behind in creative abilities. Medical schools need to change their teaching strategies to keep the interest of students and empower them for future self- learning and critical thinking. Objective: To assess the impact of mind mapping technique in information retrieval among medical college students in Puducherry. Methods: A pilot study was conducted using experimental study design among sixth semester MBBS students (n = 64) at a medical college in Puducherry, India. One group (n = 32) followed the text reading method and another group (n = 32) followed the mind mapping technique to learn the same passage given to them. The knowledge about the topic was assessed using a pre designed questionnaire at baseline, day 0 and day 7. The knowledge gain is the primary outcome variable and is compared between two groups. The feedback regarding the teaching methods was obtained from the participants. Results: Mean knowledge score in the text group was lesser than the mind map group at baseline (2.6 Vs 3.5; p = 0.08). On Day 0, the mean score in text group was slightly lesser than the mind map group (8.7 Vs 9.0; p = 0.26). On Day 7, the mean score in mind map group is significantly more than the text group (8.9 Vs 8.5; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The mind mapping technique is an innovative and effective method in remembering things better than the routine way of reading texts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhanraj Kalyanasundaram
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sherin Billy Abraham
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Divija Ramachandran
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Joy Bazroy
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Anil Jacob Purty
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Newtonraj A, Manikandan M, Kumar R, Singh Z, Tovia S, Bazroy J. Three Years Experience of Third Year Undergraduate Medical Students in Different Teaching Learning Methods: A Qualitative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28261.10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manikandan M, Senthamarai Kannan K, Venkatachalam, Singh Z, Kumar D. Allocation of security system for terrorist events using binomial distribution. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02522667.2015.1112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Manikandan
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Venkatachalam
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Denesh Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Vellammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, India
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Purty A, Singh Z, Natesan M, Chauhan R, Ramachandran D. Role of medical colleges in TB control under RNTCP - Five years experience in Puducherry, S. India (2010 -2014). Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Vishnu Prasad R, Venkatachalam J, Singh Z. Unmet Needs of Family Planning Among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Area of Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, South India. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:488-93. [PMID: 27651651 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-016-0854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global contraceptive usage was 63.3 % in 2010 which was 9 % more than that in 1990. NFHS-III 2005-2006 revealed that the contraceptive prevalence rate was 56 % while in the past decade it was 48 %. In India, female sterilization is the most commonly preferred method of contraception accounting for 76 %, while in Tamil Nadu it was 90 %. Thus, this study aims at measuring the prevalence of unmet needs of family planning and its determinants in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out as a community-based cross-sectional study in Chunambed panchayat, a rural area in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India, among 505 women of age group 15-49 years. Cluster random sampling was done to select the households to include in the study. In every household, all the available and eligible women were explained about the study and recruited after obtaining informed consent. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Chi-square test was applied for finding the difference in proportion, and p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of unmet need for family planning in our study population was nearly 31 %; it was even more for younger age groups and for the women whose family size was less. 51.7 % of the participants were currently using a contraceptive measure and very few of their partners used contraception. Government health facilities were the major source of contraceptive service and majority of our participants were well aware about the various contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION Unmet needs of family planning were high in our study population, and the knowledge about the contraceptive use and family planning was found to be fairly adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vishnu Prasad
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014 India
| | - J Venkatachalam
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014 India
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Purty AJ, Chauhan RC, Natesan M, Cherian J, Singh Z, Sharma Y. Patient and health system delays among adult smear-positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed at medical colleges of Puducherry in south India. Indian J Public Health 2016; 60:77-80. [PMID: 26911222 DOI: 10.4103/0019-557x.177349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment are essential for an effective tuberculosis (TB) control program. This study was done to assess the extent of various delays among TB patients diagnosed at medical colleges of Puducherry. A cross-sectional study involving retrospective medical record review and prospective patient interviews was conducted in and around the union territory of Puducherry during the period 2009-10. Various delays and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Level of significance was determined at 95% confidence interval (CI) (P value <0.05) and all tests were two-sided. Among 216 new sputum smear-positive TB patients, 11.1% and 10.6% were smokers and alcohol users, respectively. The median patient delay, health system delay, and total delay was 37 days, 28 days, and 65 days respectively. Being a resident of Puducherry (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.87) and family size of ≤5 (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.21-0.97) were found as the determinants of patient delays and total delays, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Chand Chauhan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Konduru R, Newtonraj A, Arun S, Velavan A, Singh Z. Oral cancer awareness of the general public in coastal village areas of Tamilnadu, India: a population based cross sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20162068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Muthukumar T, Rajkamal R, Purty AJ, Singh Z, Bazroy J, Moorthy S, Ashwin R. Use of the geographic information system in health assessment: An Experience in Medical Undergraduate Teaching in India. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2016; 29:61-62. [PMID: 26996804 DOI: 10.4103/1357-6283.178922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Muthukumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Vishnu Prasad R, Kanimozhy K, Konduru RK, Singh Z. Occupational diseases and safety measures: Perceptions of saw mill workers – A qualitative study in Pondicherry, South India. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injms.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stalin P, Abraham SB, Kanimozhy K, Prasad RV, Singh Z, Purty AJ. Mobile Phone Usage and its Health Effects Among Adults in a Semi-Urban Area of Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:LC14-6. [PMID: 26894095 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16576.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, mobile phone usage has been increased dramatically which could affect the health of the people. India has the second largest number of mobile phone users. However there are only few studies conducted in India to assess its effects on health. AIM To determine the prevalence and pattern of mobile phone usage and to assess the relationship between certain selected health problems and mobile phone usage among adults. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kottakuppam, a town panchayat in Villupuram district of Coastal Tamil Nadu, Southern India. It is a semi-urban area with a population of about 16,000. Majority of the residents are Muslim by religion and belong to different socio economic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 2121 study participants were interviewed by the pre-final medical students through house-to-house survey using a pretested structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included the variables such as socio demographic profile, mobile phone usage and pattern, selected health problems, perceived benefits and threats and blood pressure. Selected health problems included headache, earache, neck pain, tinnitus, painful fingers, restlessness, morning tiredness, tingling fingers, fatigue, eye symptoms, sleep disturbance and hypertension. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Only 2054 were included for data analysis using SPSS 17 version. Proportions were calculated. Chi-square test was used to measure the p-value. The p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of mobile phone usage was 70%. Calling facility (94.2%) was used more than the SMS (67.6%). Health problems like headache, earache, tinnitus, painful fingers and restlessness etc., were found to be positively associated with mobile phone usage. There was negative association between hypertension and mobile phone usage. CONCLUSION The prevalence of mobile phone usage was high. There was significant association between selected health problems and mobile phone usage. In future, higher studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stalin
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - Sherin Billy Abraham
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - K Kanimozhy
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - R Vishnu Prasad
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Puducherry, India
| | - Anil J Purty
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Puducherry, India
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T. M, Chauhan RC, Purty AJ, Singh Z. Acute febrile illness and treatment seeking behavior among residents of a coastal area in South India. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injms.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Joshi M, Phansalkar D, Singh Z. Chronic juvenile recurrent parotitis: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in South India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20161020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cherian J, Singh Z, Bazroy J, Purty AJ, Natesan M, Chavada VK. Study of morbidity pattern among salt workers in marakkanam, Tamil Nadu, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:LC01-3. [PMID: 26023571 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13651.5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt workers are exposed to occupational hazards like contact with salt crystals and brine, physical stress, sunlight and glare due to sunlight reflected by salt crystals. Very few studies have documented the morbidity among the salt workers. AIM To assess the morbidity pattern among salt workers in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was undertaken in 4 randomly selected salt worker villages. Three hundred thirty one salt workers were reached by a house-to-house survey during April 2010 to March 2011. Demographic data was collected; clinical examination was conducted using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of morbidity before initiating the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 11.5. Chi-square test and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the association of morbidity levels with various factors. RESULTS Of the 331 salt workers in the study, 58% were females, mean age was 41.9 ± 10.8 y. Eighty seven percent salt workers had some or other morbidity. The observed morbidities include clinical pallor (44.4%), ocular morbidities including cataract, pterygium, conjunctivitis, pingecula and corneal ulcer (42%), caries teeth (41.7%), hypertension (23.3%), underweight (19.3%), goiter (19%), obesity (14.8%) and dermal conditions including dermatitis, thickening of palm and sole, tinea unguum, follicultitis (9.1%). The presence of morbidity did not show any significant association with increase in age, gender, duration of employment or the type of salt work involved with. However, the lower the education level, the higher is the morbidity level among salt workers (OR = 5.23, 95% CI= 2.07 to 13.21). CONCLUSION Morbidity among salt workers is high. Intervention programs are needed to alleviate the health problems in the salt workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Cherian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Pondicherry, India
| | - Joy Bazroy
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Pondicherry, India
| | - Anil Jacob Purty
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Pondicherry, India
| | - Murugan Natesan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences , Pondicherry, India
| | - Vijay Kantilal Chavada
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
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Venkatachalam J, Abrahm SB, Singh Z, Stalin P, Sathya GR. Determinants of Patient's Adherence to Hypertension Medications in a Rural Population of Kancheepuram District in Tamil Nadu, South India. Indian J Community Med 2015; 40:33-7. [PMID: 25657510 PMCID: PMC4317978 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.149267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Non-communicable diseases, no longer a disease of the rich, impose a great threat in the developing nations due to demographic and epidemiological transition. This increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors is worrisome. Adherence to hypertension (HT) medication is very important for improving the quality of life and preventing complications of HT. Aim: To study the factors determining adherence to HT medication. Settings and Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, with a total population of around 16,005. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out over a period of 6 months (February-July) using a pre-structured and validated questionnaire. All eligible participants were selected by house-to-house survey and individuals not available on three consecutive visits were excluded from the study. The questionnaire included information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, adherence to HT medication, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Caste was classified based on Tamil Nadu Public Service commission. Statistical Analysis: Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 16. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical Consideration: Informed verbal consent was obtained prior to data collection. The patient's adherence to HT medication was assessed using the Morisky 4-Item Self-Report Measure of Medication-taking Behavior [MMAS-4]. Results: We studied 473 hypertensive patients of which 226 were males and 247 were females. The prevalence of adherence was 24.1% (n = 114) in the study population. Respondents with regular physical activity, non-smokers and non-alcoholics were more adherent to HT medication as compared with respondents with sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol intake (P < 0.005). Based on health belief model, the respondents who perceived high susceptibility, severity, benefit had better adherence compared with moderate and low susceptibility, severity, benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venkatachalam
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sherin Billy Abrahm
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - P Stalin
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
| | - G R Sathya
- Department of Physiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
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Easwaran M, Bazroy J, Jayaseelan V, Singh Z. Prevalence and determinants of alcohol consumption among adult men in a coastal area of south India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2015.1010201479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Postharvest technologies have allowed horticultural industries to meet the global demands of local and large-scale production and intercontinental distribution of fresh produce that have high nutritional and sensory quality. Harvested products are metabolically active, undergoing ripening and senescence processes that must be controlled to prolong postharvest quality. Inadequate management of these processes can result in major losses in nutritional and quality attributes, outbreaks of foodborne pathogens and financial loss for all players along the supply chain, from growers to consumers. Optimal postharvest treatments for fresh produce seek to slow down physiological processes of senescence and maturation, reduce/inhibit development of physiological disorders and minimize the risk of microbial growth and contamination. In addition to basic postharvest technologies of temperature management, an array of others have been developed including various physical (heat, irradiation and edible coatings), chemical (antimicrobials, antioxidants and anti-browning) and gaseous treatments. This article examines the current status on postharvest treatments of fresh produce and emerging technologies, such as plasma and ozone, that can be used to maintain quality, reduce losses and waste of fresh produce. It also highlights further research needed to increase our understanding of the dynamic response of fresh produce to various postharvest treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Mahajan
- Department of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Agro-polymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Montpellier, France
| | - O. J. Caleb
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Z. Singh
- Curtin Horticulture Research Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science and International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - C. B. Watkins
- Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M. Geyer
- Department of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
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Stalin P, Senthilvel V, Kanimozhy K, Singh Z, Rajkamal R, Purty AJ. Burden, distribution and impact of domestic accidents in a semi-urban area of coastal Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2013; 22:11-5. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2013.835324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bhumika N, Prabhu GV, Ferreira AM, Kulkarni MK, Vaz FS, Singh Z. Respiratory morbidity among welders in the shipbuilding industry, Goa. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2013; 16:63-5. [PMID: 23580835 PMCID: PMC3617509 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Welding is pivotal in shipbuilding. The fumes and gases involved in welding may cause respiratory morbidity. Aim: To study the prevalence of respiratory morbidity (RM) among welders vis à vis among nonwelders and its association with certain relevant factors. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study of 276 welders and 276 nonwelders was conducted in the shipbuilding industry. Materials and Methods: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was followed by spirometric examination. Statistical Analysis: Odds ratio and its 95% CI and two-way ANOVA. Results: Prevalence of RM was found to be significantly higher among welders compared to nonwelders (who were comparable in age, duration of employment (DOE) and smoking habits,) with odds ratio (OR) of 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.20-2.63). Obstructive type of RM was predominant in both welders (26% (n = 73)) and nonwelders (17% (n = 49)) with welders being at a significantly higher risk (OR = 1.66 (95%: 1.10-2.49)). RM was commoner after the 40 years of age or after 20 years of employment in both groups. Smoking was associated with RM among welders (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24-1.75) as well as nonwelders (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.26-3.54). Work-related respiratory symptoms (WRRS) was not found to be related to RM (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.00-2.84). Consistent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was protective against RM in welders (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.28-0.37). Conclusion: Welders had a greater burden of RM and this was related to increasing age, DOE, smoking and inconsistent use of PPE. WRRS were not indicative of RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nateshan Bhumika
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathychettikulam, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Abstract
It is the obligation of the state to provide free and universal access to quality health-care services to its citizens. India continues to be among the countries of the world that have a high burden of diseases. The various health program and policies in the past have not been able to achieve the desired goals and objectives. 65(th) World Health Assembly in Geneva identified universal health coverage (UHC) as the key imperative for all countries to consolidate the public health advances. Accordingly, Planning Commission of India constituted a high level expert group (HLEG) on UHC in October 2010. HLEG submitted its report in Nov 2011 to Planning Commission on UHC for India by 2022. The recommendations for the provision of UHC pertain to the critical areas such as health financing, health infrastructure, health services norms, skilled human resources, access to medicines and vaccines, management and institutional reforms, and community participation. India faces enormous challenges to achieve UHC by 2022 such as high disease prevalence, issues of gender equality, unregulated and fragmented health-care delivery system, non-availability of adequate skilled human resource, vast social determinants of health, inadequate finances, lack of inter-sectoral co-ordination and various political pull and push of different forces, and interests. These challenges can be met by a paradigm shift in health policies and programs in favor of vulnerable population groups, restructuring of public health cadres, reorientation of undergraduate medical education, more emphasis on public health research, and extensive education campaigns. There are still areas of concern in fulfilling the objectives of achieving UHC by 2022 regarding financing model for health-care delivery, entitlement package, cost of health-care interventions and declining state budgets. However, the Government's commitment to provide adequate finances, recent bold social policy initiatives and enactments such as food security bill, enhanced participation by civil society in all health matters, major initiative by some states such as Tamil Nadu to improve health, water, and sanitation services are good enough reasons for hope that UHC can be achieved by 2022. However, in the absence of sustained financial support, strong political will and leadership, dedicated involvement of all stakeholders and community participation, attainment of UHC by 2022 will remain a Utopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India
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Abstract
Advances in medicine have increased the life expectancy resulting in an increase in the geriatric population all over the world, and their proportion will only continue to rise in the coming years. It is known that the elderly bear a significant burden of morbidity, which is why health systems globally spearheaded by the WHO are waking up to the need for better geriatric health services. This includes India, whose health system continues to grapple with the health challenges of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This article enumerates the various government policies and programs, constitutional and legal provisions available for the care of the elderly, and concludes that they are grossly inadequate to deal with the various physical, psychological, and emotional needs of the aging population. Mainstreaming of geriatric health to address the health needs of the elderly at all levels of health care, both in the public and the private sectors, giving due importance to multidimensional rehabilitative services and terminal care, involving NGOs and voluntary organizations, and stepping up social security in old age are the recommended measures for improving geriatric health in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India.
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Vettath RE, Reddy YNV, Reddy YNV, Dutta S, Singh Z, Mathew M, Abraham G. A multicenter cross-sectional study of mental and physical health depression in MHD patients. Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:251-6. [PMID: 23162267 PMCID: PMC3495345 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is ranked fourth among the disabling diseases affecting people worldwide and is the most common psychological problem in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The aim of this study is to assess the physical and emotional health status of renal dialysis patients, based on the SF-36 scale in relation to their economic status. Sixty maintenance hemodialysis patients, with a mean age of 40±13 years were included in this cross-sectional study using the SF-36 scale. It comprises 36 questions regarding physical and mental functions, body pain, vitality, etc. An SF-36 score of 50 or less was considered as moderate to severe depression and 51–100 as mild depression to good health. 56.81% of the patients who are below poverty line under dialysis had moderate to severe depression with regard to their health status. A physical health score of up to 50 was seen in 63.63% of patients below poverty line 63.63% (P= 0.16). A mental health score of 0–50 was observed in 61.63% of the cohort studied (P = 0.22). Among the patient with diabetes (28.33%) 55.56% had depression. Dialysis duration was directly associated with deteriorating physical health status and inversely proportional to their mental health status (P<0.05). There are problems in other regular activities due to depressed physical and mental health. The factors that were identified in this study that influence depression such as poverty status, increasing age, vintage and frequency of dialysis and treatment with erythropoietin dosage should be addressed and treated accordingly to improve the quality of life. Improving self-esteem with fruitful employment opportunities, concerted rehabilitation by professionals and easing of economic burden by private–public partnership is an achievable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Vettath
- Department of Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India
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Bhumika N, Raj P, Singh Z, V J, Purty AJ, V S. Healthy ageing: are we ready to meet the challenge? Indian J Med Spec 2012. [DOI: 10.7713/ijms.2012.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rajasekar VD, Krishnagopal L, Mittal A, Singh Z, Purty AJ, VS B, V L. Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in a rural area of Tamil Nadu, South India. Indian J Med Spec 2012. [DOI: 10.7713/ijms.2012.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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J V, Purty AJ, Singh Z, Narayanan S. Morbidity pattern and health seeking behaviour among antenatal women residing in peri-urban areas of coastal district in Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Med Spec 2011. [DOI: 10.7713/ijms.2012.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Raj CKP, Datta SS, V J, Singh Z, V S. Study of knowledge and behavioural patterns with regard to road safety among high school children in a rural community in Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Med Spec 2011. [DOI: 10.7713/ijms.2011.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Purty AJ, Singh Z, Kisku KH, Bazroy J, Murugan N, Cherian J, Senthilvel A, Govindarajan S. P1-296 Case-finding and treatment of TB patients in medical colleges in pondicherry, S. India: patient and health system delays under the revised national TB control programme (RNTCP). Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976e.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Purty AJ, Mahajan P, Singh Z, Meenakshi A, Murugan N, Cherian J, Senthilvel A, Gurumurthy D. P2-537 Tracking progress towards elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Puducherry (India), a school based study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976m.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Agrawal VK, Singh Z. Miltefosine: First Oral Drug for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 62:66-7. [PMID: 27407849 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(06)80162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V K Agrawal
- Reader, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune- 411040
| | - Zile Singh
- Commandant Military Hospital Jalandhar (Punjab)
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Ray S, Singh Z, Banerjee A. Psychosocial Variables of Voluntary Blood Donors at Blood Bank of a Medical College. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 61:130-2. [PMID: 27407733 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(05)80007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to study the motivational factors leading to voluntary blood donation and understanding the psychosocial variables of blood donors. METHODS 300 blood donors were selected by systematic random sampling method. RESULT It was observed that most of the voluntary donors were males (89.3%) and belonged to age group 16-25 years (48%). Most of the donors (93.46%) had studied upto high school and above and 84.33% of the donors belonged to the middle class. 27% of the donors had donated blood previously. The common motivational factors to donate blood were for 'a good cause', 'for the society' and 'to save a life'. 4.67% of them donated blood for self satisfaction. CONCLUSION Motivation, recruitment and retention of voluntary blood donors are important criteria to achieve safe blood donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Ray
- Officer In-charge, Station Health Organization, Visakpatnam
| | - Zile Singh
- Senior Advisor(PSM), Military Hospital Jalandhar Cantt
| | - A Banerjee
- Deputy Assistant Director Health, HQ 101 Area (Med), C/o 99 APO
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis has been eradicated from large parts of the world. In South East Asian Region, India and Pakistan remain the only countries where active transmission of the disease persists. A decade-long initiative to eradicate the disease is in progress in India. Initial results were encouraging, with the number of fresh polio decreasing till 2001. The year 2002, however, witnessed a setback, with significant rise in cases of poliomyelitis. METHODS AND RESULTS The eradication measures have been reviewed. The corrective measures appear to be succeeding. Various facets of eradication and their impact are evaluated. CONCLUSION Poliomyelitis is controlled but the ultimate target of eradication may still be elusive, keeping in mind operational lacunae and vaccine virus characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukherji
- Associate Professor, Military Hospital, Jalandhar
| | - A K Jindal
- Associate Professor, Military Hospital, Jalandhar
| | - Zile Singh
- Commandant, Military Hospital, Jalandhar
| | - Swati Bajaj
- Resident, Department of PSM, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-40
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Banerjee A, Sahni AK, Gupta RM, Grewal VS, Singh Z. Outbreak of Rubella Among Cadets in an Academy. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 63:141-3. [PMID: 27407970 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(07)80058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubella is traditionally considered a childhood disease, but has the potential to cause outbreaks in closed community of young adults. The present paper describes one such outbreak in a military training establishment. METHOD The cases of rubella outbreak were identified by clinical features (fever, rash and lymphadenopathy) and confirmed by detection of high titre of anti-rubella IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Initial serum samples were also tested for antibodies against measles, scrub typhus and dengue. Salient epidemiological features of the outbreak were studied. RESULT 163 cadets were admitted in the local military hospital within two months. The cases presented with fever, coryza, lymphadenopathy and maculopapular rash. 117 (71.78%) of the samples showed presence of anti-rubella IgM antibodies. CONCLUSION Rubella outbreaks in military communities have the potential to adversely affect military training/operations. The need for administration of vaccination against rubella in such population may be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banerjee
- Associate Professor (PSM), DY Patil Medical College, Pune
| | - A K Sahni
- Classified Specialist (Pathology & Microbiology), DRDE, Gwalior
| | - R M Gupta
- Associate Professor (Microbiology), AFMC, Pune
| | - V S Grewal
- Medical Officer, HQ 54 Inf Div (Med), C/o 56 APO
| | - Z Singh
- Ex-Commandant, MH Jallandhar
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Parveen S, Khateeb ZA, Mufti SM, Shah MA, Tandon VR, Hakak S, Singh Z, Yasmeen S, Mir SA, Tabasum R, Jan N. Comparison of sublingual, vaginal, and oral misoprostol in cervical ripening for first trimester abortion. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:172-5. [PMID: 21572652 PMCID: PMC3081456 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.77356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and tolerability of misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent in first trimester abortion through three different routes of administration before surgical evacuation (SE). Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based prospective randomized open labeled parallel study. A total of 150 randomly selected married women were divided in three groups for sublingual (S/L), vaginal and oral 400 μg of misoprostol single dose administration. The drug was administered 3-4 h before SE in the S/L and vaginal groups and 12 h before the procedure in the oral group. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of time taken for ripening, dilatation achieved, duration of the procedure, intra-operative blood loss, and pain score. The tolerability was noted on the basis of side effects. Results: The mean time taken for cervical ripening was less in sublingual administration (3.7±1.2 hr) as compared to the vaginal and oral routes. The S/L group had significant cervical dilatation (P<0.001) and the duration of SE was less as compared to the vaginal and oral routes. However, the mean intraoperative blood loss was more in sublingual as compared to the vaginal and oral groups. The intra-operative pain score of the S/L group was significantly lower (1.9±1.1, P<0.05) as compared to the vaginal (2.6±1.7) or oral route (3.3±1.7). Loose motions and nausea/vomiting were more with the S/L and oral routes while blood loss was more in the vaginal route. Conclusion: Administration of misoprostol by the sublingual route is better than the oral and vaginal routes for cervical ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Srinagar (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Gupta SK, Singh Z, Purty AJ, Vishwanathan M. Diabetes prevalence and its risk factors in urban Pondicherry. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2011; 29:166-9. [PMID: 20336199 PMCID: PMC2839131 DOI: 10.4103/0973-3930.57348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted in the Urban Health centre, Muthialpet, Pondicherry covering a population of 40000 from July to October 2007 by using a predesigned and pretested proforma to find out the risk of diabetes in general population by using Indian Diabetes Risk Score. A total of 616 respondents were studied comprising 325(53%) females and 290(47%) males. Majority 518(85%) were Hindus. Of them, 380 (62 %) had studied up to higher secondary and above, 539 (87%) belonged to upper middle and upper socioeconomic class. A large number of the subjects 422(68%) were above 35 years of age. Most of the respondents 558(90.50%) indulged in mild to moderate physical activity. Again, 422 (68.50%) had no family history of diabetes mellitus, 315 (51%) individuals were in the overweight category (>25 BMI), and 261 (83%) of high Diabetic Risk Score individuals were overweight. It is observed that chances of high diabetic score increase with the increase in BMI. Prevalence of diabetes in the studied population were 51 (8.27%), out of that 39 (76%) had high (>60) IDRS score. The relationship between BMI and IDRS shows that if BMI increases from under weight (<18.50) to obesity (>30) chances of risk for diabetes also increases significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry-605 014, India
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Gupta SK, Singh Z, Purty AJ, Kar M, Vedapriya D, Mahajan P, Cherian J. Diabetes prevalence and its risk factors in rural area of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Community Med 2011; 35:396-9. [PMID: 21031104 PMCID: PMC2963877 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.69262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the usefulness of the Indian diabetes risk score for detecting undiagnosed diabetes in the rural area of Tamil Nadu. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted in the field practice area of rural health centers (Chunampett and Annechikuppam, Tamil Nadu), covering a population of 35000 from February to March 2008 by using a predesigned and pretested protocol to find out the prevalence and the risk of diabetes mellitus in general population by using Indian diabetes risk score. RESULTS 1936 respondents comprising 1167 (60.27%) females and 769 (39.73%) males were studied. Majority 1203 (62.50%) were Hindus. 1220 (63.%) had studied up to higher secondary. 1200 (62%) belonged to lower and lower-middle socio-economic class. A large number of the subjects 948 (50%) were below 35 years of age. Most of the respondents 1411 (73%) indulged in mild to moderate physical activity. 1715 (87.91%) had no family history of diabetes mellitus. 750 (39.64%) individuals were in the overweight category (>25 BMI). Out of these overweight persons, 64% had high diabetic risk score. It is observed that chances of high diabetic score increase with the increase in BMI. Prevalence of diabetes in studied population was 5.99%; out of these, 56% known cases of diabetes mellitus had high (>60) IDRS. Co-relation between BMI and IDRS shows that, if BMI increases from less than 18.50 to more than 30, chances of high risk for developing diabetes mellitus also significantly increase. CONCLUSIONS This study estimates the usefulness of simplified Indian diabetes risk score for identifying undiagnosed high risk diabetic subjects in India. This simplified diabetes risk score has categorized the risk factors based on their severity. Use of the IDRS can make mass screening for undiagnosed diabetes in India more cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Pondicherry - 605 014, India
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Datta SS, Boratne AV, Singh Z, Senthilvel V, Natesan M, Gajera V. Influence of Mothers’ Handwashing Practices and Availability of Water and Sanitary Latrine on Under-Five Morbidity. Indian J Med Spec 2011. [DOI: 10.7713/ijms.2011.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Datta SS, Kuppuraman D, Boratne AV, Abraham SB, Singh Z. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding swine flu among para-medical workers in a tertiary care hospital in Pondicherry. J Commun Dis 2011; 43:1-9. [PMID: 23785876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Para-medical workers (PMWs) are first contacts for suspected Swine flu patients and also the media to spread key messages regarding its prevention and control strategies. Present study was conducted to ascertain knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Swine flu among para-medical workers in a tertiary care hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among PMWs during May-July, 2010. KAP regarding Swine flu was collected through pre-designed questionnaire and information on attitude towards Swine flu was also collected through FGD-free list analysis. Data was analysed using Epi_Info and Anthropac software. A total of 237 PMWs responded. Majority of the PMWs knew about signs and symptoms (89.03%), mode of transmission (91.56%) and route of transmission (91.98%) of Swine flu. Television (67.51%) was the major source of information. 75.53% and 58.65% PMWs respectively knew about organ of the body chiefly affected and type of specimen to be collected during Swine flu. 196 (82.7%) and 191 (80.59%) PMWs respectively knew about availability of vaccine and treatment against Swine flu. 94.09% PMWs stated that extra precautions such as use of face mask, frequent handwashing, use of gloves etc. should be taken while handling any suspected Swine flu case and 73.84% PMWs do take such precautions. 80.17% PMWs opined that epidemic of Swine flu can be halted at current stage. In the present study, PMWs possessed good knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Swine flu and this fact should be utilized while designing and guiding containment strategies against existing Swine flu epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Datta
- Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India-605014.
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Mahajan PB, Purty AJ, Singh Z, Cherian J, Natesan M, Arepally S, Senthilvel V. Study of childhood obesity among school children aged 6 to 12 years in union territory of puducherry. Indian J Community Med 2011; 36:45-50. [PMID: 21687381 PMCID: PMC3104708 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.80793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of obesity and overweight among school children in Puducherry. To identify any variation as per age, gender, place of residence and type of school. SETTING AND DESIGN Secondary data analysis of a school-based cross sectional study in all the four regions of Puducherry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children between 6 and 12 yrs were sampled using multistage random sampling with population proportionate to size from 30 clusters. Anthropometric data (BMI) was analyzed using CDC growth charts. Data was analyzed using SPSS, BMI (CDC) calculator, CI calculator and OR calculator. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight (≥85(th) percentile) among children was 4.41% and prevalence of obesity (>95(th) percentile) was 2.12%. Mahe region had the highest prevalence of overweight (8.66%) and obesity (4.69%). Female children from private schools and urban areas were at greater risk of being overweight and obese. CONCLUSIONS Childhood obesity is a problem in Puducherry and requires timely intervention for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetam B Mahajan
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India
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