1
|
Makhafola TJ, Mbele M, Yacqub-Usman K, Hendren A, Haigh DB, Blackley Z, Meyer M, Mongan NP, Bates DO, Dlamini Z. Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Is Induced by Alternative Splicing of hnRNPA2/B1 Through Splicing of Bcl-x, a Mechanism that Can Be Stimulated by an Extract of the South African Medicinal Plant, Cotyledon orbiculata. Front Oncol 2020; 10:547392. [PMID: 33163396 PMCID: PMC7580256 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.547392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is deregulated in cancer and alternatively spliced products can be linked to cancer hallmarks. Targeting alternative splicing could offer novel effective cancer treatments. We investigated the effects of the crude extract of a South African medicinal plant, Cotyledon orbiculata, on cell survival of colon (HCT116) and esophageal (OE33 and KYSE70) cancer cell lines. Using RNASeq, we discovered that the extract interfered with mRNA regulatory pathways. The extract caused hnRNPA2B1 to splice from the hnRNPB1 to the hnRNPA2 isoform, resulting in a switch in the BCL2L1 gene from Bcl-xL to Bcl-xS causing activation of caspase-3-cleavage and apoptosis. Similar splicing effects were induced by the known anti-cancer splicing modulator pladienolide B. Knockdown of hnRNPB1 using siRNA resulted in decreased cell viability and increased caspase-3-cleavage, and over-expression of hnRNPB1 prevented the effect of C. orbiculata extract on apoptosis and cell survival. The effect of the hnRNPA2/B1 splicing switch by the C. orbiculata extract increased hnRNPA2B1 binding to Bcl-xl/s, BCL2, MDM2, cMYC, CD44, CDK6, and cJUN mRNA. These findings suggest that apoptosis in HCT116, OE33, and KYSE cancer cells is controlled by switched splicing of hnRNPA2B1 and BCL2L1, providing evidence that hnRNPB1 regulates apoptosis. Inhibiting this splicing could have therapeutic potential for colon and esophageal cancers. Targeting hnRNPA2B1 splicing in colon cancer regulates splicing of BCL2L1 to induce apoptosis. This approach could be a useful therapeutic strategy to induce apoptosis and restrain cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. Here, we found that the extract of Cotyledon orbiculata, a South African medicinal plant, had an anti-proliferative effect in cancer cells, mediated by apoptosis induced by alternative splicing of hnRNPA2B1 and BCL2L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tshepiso Jan Makhafola
- SA-Medical Research Council (MRC)/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mzwandile Mbele
- SA-Medical Research Council (MRC)/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kiren Yacqub-Usman
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Hendren
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Belle Haigh
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Blackley
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology (DST)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Nigel Patrick Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Owen Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SA-Medical Research Council (MRC)/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beazley-Long N, Moss CE, Ashby WR, Bestall SM, Almahasneh F, Durrant AM, Benest AV, Blackley Z, Ballmer-Hofer K, Hirashima M, Hulse RP, Bates DO, Donaldson LF. VEGFR2 promotes central endothelial activation and the spread of pain in inflammatory arthritis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:49-67. [PMID: 29548992 PMCID: PMC6302073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain can develop in response to conditions such as inflammatory arthritis. The central mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of chronic pain in humans are not well elucidated although there is evidence for a role of microglia and astrocytes. However in pre-clinical models of pain, including models of inflammatory arthritis, there is a wealth of evidence indicating roles for pathological glial reactivity within the CNS. In the spinal dorsal horn of rats with painful inflammatory arthritis we found both a significant increase in CD11b+ microglia-like cells and GFAP+ astrocytes associated with blood vessels, and the number of activated blood vessels expressing the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, indicating potential glio-vascular activation. Using pharmacological interventions targeting VEGFR2 in arthritic rats, to inhibit endothelial cell activation, the number of dorsal horn ICAM-1+ blood vessels, CD11b+ microglia and the development of secondary mechanical allodynia, an indicator of central sensitization, were all prevented. Targeting endothelial VEGFR2 by inducible Tie2-specific VEGFR2 knock-out also prevented secondary allodynia in mice and glio-vascular activation in the dorsal horn in response to inflammatory arthritis. Inhibition of VEGFR2 in vitro significantly blocked ICAM-1-dependent monocyte adhesion to brain microvascular endothelial cells, when stimulated with inflammatory mediators TNF-α and VEGF-A165a. Taken together our findings suggest that a novel VEGFR2-mediated spinal cord glio-vascular mechanism may promote peripheral CD11b+ circulating cell transmigration into the CNS parenchyma and contribute to the development of chronic pain in inflammatory arthritis. We hypothesise that preventing this glio-vascular activation and circulating cell translocation into the spinal cord could be a new therapeutic strategy for pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beazley-Long
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Catherine Elizabeth Moss
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - William Robert Ashby
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samuel Marcus Bestall
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fatimah Almahasneh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexandra Margaret Durrant
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrew Vaughan Benest
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zoe Blackley
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Masanori Hirashima
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Richard Phillip Hulse
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David Owen Bates
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK
| | - Lucy Frances Donaldson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bestall SM, Hulse RP, Blackley Z, Swift M, Ved N, Paton K, Beazley-Long N, Bates DO, Donaldson LF. Sensory neuronal sensitisation occurs through HMGB-1-RAGE and TRPV1 in high-glucose conditions. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs215939. [PMID: 29930087 PMCID: PMC6080605 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many potential causes for painful diabetic neuropathy have been proposed including actions of cytokines and growth factors. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE (also known as AGER) agonist whose levels are increased in diabetes and that contributes to pain by modulating peripheral inflammatory responses. HMGB1 enhances nociceptive behaviour in naïve animals through an unknown mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that HMGB1 causes pain through direct neuronal activation of RAGE and alteration of nociceptive neuronal responsiveness. HMGB1 and RAGE expression were increased in skin and primary sensory (dorsal root ganglion, DRG) neurons of diabetic rats at times when pain behaviour was enhanced. Agonist-evoked TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ responses increased in cultured DRG neurons from diabetic rats and in neurons from naïve rats exposed to high glucose concentrations. HMGB1-mediated increases in TRPV1-evoked Ca2+ responses in DRG neurons were RAGE- and PKC-dependent, and this was blocked by co-administration of the growth factor splice variant VEGF-A165b. Pain behaviour and the DRG RAGE expression increases were blocked by VEGF-A165b treatment of diabetic rats in vivo Hence, we conclude that HMGB1-RAGE activation sensitises DRG neurons in vitro, and that VEGF-A165b blocks HMGB-1-RAGE DRG activation, which may contribute to its analgesic properties in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Bestall
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Richard P Hulse
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zoe Blackley
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Matthew Swift
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Cancer Biology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nikita Ved
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kenneth Paton
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicholas Beazley-Long
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The Medical School QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Batson J, Toop H, Daubney J, Liddell S, Stewart E, Bourne J, Blackley Z, Morris J, Bates D. Optimisation of novel small molecule inhibitors of SRPK1-mediated VEGF-A splicing through modelling of permeability properties required for trans-scleral eye drop delivery. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Toop
- Exonate Ltd; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Z. Blackley
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - J. Morris
- Exonate Ltd; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blackley Z, Ved N, Schlosser A, Holmskov U, Bates D, Sorensen G. Inhibition of micro-fibrillar associated protein 4 as a potential therapy targeting choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Blackley
- Cancer Biology- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - N. Ved
- Cancer Biology- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - A. Schlosser
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation- Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - U. Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation- Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - D. Bates
- Cancer Biology- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - G.L. Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation- Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| |
Collapse
|