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McElfish PA, Bogulski C, Langston K, Carleton A, Semingson J, Gurel L, Willis DE. Bilingual care navigation and enhanced case management during COVID-19. Fam Syst Health 2022; 40:403-407. [PMID: 35549491 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 disparities exposed health inequity across socioeconomic status, with community members of color experiencing higher rates of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and death. Racial/ethnic differences were especially disparate in Benton and Washington counties in northwest Arkansas, a region in the United States that experienced high COVID-19 infection rates. To address these disparities and support families with COVID-19, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Community Clinic (a federally qualified health center) worked with the Arkansas Department of Health and community partners to develop systematic Care Navigation and Enhanced Case Management. During an initial screening process, contact tracers offered Care Navigation and Enhanced Case Management services to individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 within Washington and Benton counties. Bilingual community health navigators, social workers, and nurses began providing enhanced case management to households that accepted services. Between September 9, 2020 and June 19, 2021, 3,502 households representing ∼13,000 individuals were offered services, and 1,511 (43.1%) households requested/accepted services. Based on our experience, we provide four recommendations for practice: (a) provide contact tracing in community members' preferred language, (b) incorporate assessments into the contact tracing process to ensure community members have necessary resources for quarantine, (c) implement comprehensive care navigation and case management services for those who need additional support, and (d) integrate bilingual health navigators who are part of the target community into the process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest
| | - Cari Bogulski
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest
| | - Krista Langston
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest
| | - Ayoola Carleton
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest
| | | | | | - Don E Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest
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George AD, Kaya D, Layton BA, Bailey K, Mansell S, Kelly C, Williamson KJ, Radniecki TS. Impact of Sampling Type, Frequency, and Scale of the Collection System on SARS-CoV-2 Quantification Fidelity. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2022; 9:160-165. [PMID: 37566370 PMCID: PMC8791033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology sampling methodologies for SARS-CoV-2 were often implemented quickly and may not have considered the unique drainage catchment characteristics. This study assessed the impact of grab versus composite sampling on the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in four different catchment scales with flow rates ranging from high flow (wastewater treatment plant influent) to medium flow (neighborhood scale) to low-flow (city block scale) to ultralow flow (building scale). At the high-flow site, grab samples were comparable to 24 h composite samples with SARS-CoV-2 detected in all samples and differed in concentration from the composite by <1 log 10 unit. However, as the size of the catchment decreased, the percentage of negative grab samples increased despite all respective composites being positive, and the SARS-CoV-2 concentrations of grab samples varied from those of the composites by up to almost 2 log 10 units. At the ultra-low-flow site, increased sampling frequencies generated composite samples with higher fidelity to the 5 min composite, which is the closest estimate of the true SARS-CoV-2 composite concentration that could be measured. Thus, composite sampling is more likely to compensate for temporal signal variability while grab samples do not, especially as the catchment basin size decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. George
- Department of Research & Innovation,
Clean Water Services, Hillsboro, Oregon 97123,
United States
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental
Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,
United States
| | - Devrim Kaya
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental
Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,
United States
| | - Blythe A. Layton
- Department of Research & Innovation,
Clean Water Services, Hillsboro, Oregon 97123,
United States
| | - Kestrel Bailey
- Department of Research & Innovation,
Clean Water Services, Hillsboro, Oregon 97123,
United States
| | - Scott Mansell
- Department of Research & Innovation,
Clean Water Services, Hillsboro, Oregon 97123,
United States
| | - Christine Kelly
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental
Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,
United States
| | - Kenneth J. Williamson
- Department of Research & Innovation,
Clean Water Services, Hillsboro, Oregon 97123,
United States
| | - Tyler S. Radniecki
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental
Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,
United States
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3
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Gharoon N, Dewan A, Li L, Haak L, Mazurowski L, Guarin T, Pagilla K. Removal of SARS-CoV-2 viral markers through a water reclamation facility. Water Environ Res 2021; 93:2819-2827. [PMID: 34528319 PMCID: PMC8661921 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There have been multiple reports of COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in influent wastewater of water reclamation facilities (WRFs) across the world. In this study, the removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was investigated in a WRF by collecting samples from various stages relayed to hydraulic retention time (HRT) and analyzed for viral RNA (N1 and N2) gene markers and wastewater characteristics. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 28 out of 28 influent wastewater and primary effluent samples. Secondary effluent showed 4 out of 9 positive samples, and all tertiary and final effluent samples were below the detection limit for the viral markers. The reduction was significant (p value < 0.005, one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] test) in secondary treatment, ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 log10 removal. Adjusted N1 viral marker had a positive correlation with total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and ammonia concentrations (Spearman's ρ = 0.61, 0.67, and 0.53, respectively, p value < 0.05), while demonstrating a strongly negative correlation with HRT (Spearman's ρ = -0.58, p value < 0.01). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Viral RNA was present in all samples taken from influent and primary effluent of a WRF. SARS-CoV-2 gene marker was detected in secondary effluent in 4 out of 9 samples. Tertiary and final effluent samples tested nondetect for SARS-CoV-2 gene markers. Up to 0.5 and 2.0 log10 virus removal values were achieved by primary and secondary treatment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Gharoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Aimee Dewan
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Laura Haak
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Lauren Mazurowski
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Tatiana Guarin
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Krishna Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada RenoRenoNVUSA
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