1
|
Cade BE, Lee J, Sofer T, Wang H, Zhang M, Chen H, Gharib SA, Gottlieb DJ, Guo X, Lane JM, Liang J, Lin X, Mei H, Patel SR, Purcell SM, Saxena R, Shah NA, Evans DS, Hanis CL, Hillman DR, Mukherjee S, Palmer LJ, Stone KL, Tranah GJ, Abecasis GR, Boerwinkle EA, Correa A, Cupples LA, Kaplan RC, Nickerson DA, North KE, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Rich SS, Tracy RP, Vasan RS, Wilson JG, Zhu X, Redline S. Whole-genome association analyses of sleep-disordered breathing phenotypes in the NHLBI TOPMed program. Genome Med 2021; 13:136. [PMID: 34446064 PMCID: PMC8394596 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-disordered breathing is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity. The genetic architecture of sleep-disordered breathing remains poorly understood. Through the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, we performed the first whole-genome sequence analysis of sleep-disordered breathing. METHODS The study sample was comprised of 7988 individuals of diverse ancestry. Common-variant and pathway analyses included an additional 13,257 individuals. We examined five complementary traits describing different aspects of sleep-disordered breathing: the apnea-hypopnea index, average oxyhemoglobin desaturation per event, average and minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation across the sleep episode, and the percentage of sleep with oxyhemoglobin saturation < 90%. We adjusted for age, sex, BMI, study, and family structure using MMSKAT and EMMAX mixed linear model approaches. Additional bioinformatics analyses were performed with MetaXcan, GIGSEA, and ReMap. RESULTS We identified a multi-ethnic set-based rare-variant association (p = 3.48 × 10-8) on chromosome X with ARMCX3. Additional rare-variant associations include ARMCX3-AS1, MRPS33, and C16orf90. Novel common-variant loci were identified in the NRG1 and SLC45A2 regions, and previously associated loci in the IL18RAP and ATP2B4 regions were associated with novel phenotypes. Transcription factor binding site enrichment identified associations with genes implicated with respiratory and craniofacial traits. Additional analyses identified significantly associated pathways. CONCLUSIONS We have identified the first gene-based rare-variant associations with objectively measured sleep-disordered breathing traits. Our results increase the understanding of the genetic architecture of sleep-disordered breathing and highlight associations in genes that modulate lung development, inflammation, respiratory rhythmogenesis, and HIF1A-mediated hypoxic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Cade
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Heming Wang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Man Zhang
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Han Chen
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Center for Precision Health, School of Public Health and School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, UW Medicine Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Daniel J. Gottlieb
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132 USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Pain, and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Hao Mei
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 29216 USA
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Shaun M. Purcell
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Pain, and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Neomi A. Shah
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- grid.17866.3e0000000098234542California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - David R. Hillman
- grid.3521.50000 0004 0437 5942Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Katie L. Stone
- grid.17866.3e0000000098234542California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- grid.17866.3e0000000098234542California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | | | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Eric A. Boerwinkle
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XHuman Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA ,Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461 USA
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
| | - Kari E. North
- grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Cardiovascular Health Study, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,grid.488833.c0000 0004 0615 7519Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XCenter for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05405 USA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- grid.510954.c0000 0004 0444 3861Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - James G. Wilson
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Susan Redline
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Souza S, Godecke E, Ciccone N, Hersh D, Janssen H, Armstrong E. Hospital staff, volunteers' and patients' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to communication following stroke in an acute and a rehabilitation private hospital ward: a qualitative description study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043897. [PMID: 33952543 PMCID: PMC8103362 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore barriers and facilitators to patient communication in an acute and rehabilitation ward setting from the perspectives of hospital staff, volunteers and patients following stroke. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study as part of a larger study which aimed to develop and test a Communication Enhanced Environment model in an acute and a rehabilitation ward. SETTING A metropolitan Australian private hospital. PARTICIPANTS Focus groups with acute and rehabilitation doctors, nurses, allied health staff and volunteers (n=51), and interviews with patients following stroke (n=7), including three with aphasia, were conducted. RESULTS The key themes related to barriers and facilitators to communication, contained subcategories related to hospital, staff and patient factors. Hospital-related barriers to communication were private rooms, mixed wards, the physical hospital environment, hospital policies, the power imbalance between staff and patients, and task-specific communication. Staff-related barriers to communication were staff perception of time pressures, underutilisation of available resources, staff individual factors such as personality, role perception and lack of knowledge and skills regarding communication strategies. The patient-related barrier to communication involved patients' functional and medical status. Hospital-related facilitators to communication were shared rooms/co-location of patients, visitors and volunteers. Staff-related facilitators to communication were utilisation of resources, speech pathology support, staff knowledge and utilisation of communication strategies, and individual staff factors such as personality. No patient-related facilitators to communication were reported by staff, volunteers or patients. CONCLUSIONS Barriers and facilitators to communication appeared to interconnect with potential to influence one another. This suggests communication access may vary between patients within the same setting. Practical changes may promote communication opportunities for patients in hospital early after stroke such as access to areas for patient co-location as well as areas for privacy, encouraging visitors, enhancing patient autonomy, and providing communication-trained health staff and volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D'Souza
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin Godecke
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Ciccone
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah Hersh
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | - Heidi Janssen
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Armstrong
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cade BE, Chen H, Stilp AM, Louie T, Ancoli-Israel S, Arens R, Barfield R, Below JE, Cai J, Conomos MP, Evans DS, Frazier-Wood AC, Gharib SA, Gleason KJ, Gottlieb DJ, Hillman DR, Johnson WC, Lederer DJ, Lee J, Loredo JS, Mei H, Mukherjee S, Patel SR, Post WS, Purcell SM, Ramos AR, Reid KJ, Rice K, Shah NA, Sofer T, Taylor KD, Thornton TA, Wang H, Yaffe K, Zee PC, Hanis CL, Palmer LJ, Rotter JI, Stone KL, Tranah GJ, Wilson JG, Sunyaev SR, Laurie CC, Zhu X, Saxena R, Lin X, Redline S. Associations of variants In the hexokinase 1 and interleukin 18 receptor regions with oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007739. [PMID: 30990817 PMCID: PMC6467367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB)-related overnight hypoxemia is associated with cardiometabolic disease and other comorbidities. Understanding the genetic bases for variations in nocturnal hypoxemia may help understand mechanisms influencing oxygenation and SDB-related mortality. We conducted genome-wide association tests across 10 cohorts and 4 populations to identify genetic variants associated with three correlated measures of overnight oxyhemoglobin saturation: average and minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep and the percent of sleep with oxyhemoglobin saturation under 90%. The discovery sample consisted of 8,326 individuals. Variants with p < 1 × 10(-6) were analyzed in a replication group of 14,410 individuals. We identified 3 significantly associated regions, including 2 regions in multi-ethnic analyses (2q12, 10q22). SNPs in the 2q12 region associated with minimum SpO2 (rs78136548 p = 2.70 × 10(-10)). SNPs at 10q22 were associated with all three traits including average SpO2 (rs72805692 p = 4.58 × 10(-8)). SNPs in both regions were associated in over 20,000 individuals and are supported by prior associations or functional evidence. Four additional significant regions were detected in secondary sex-stratified and combined discovery and replication analyses, including a region overlapping Reelin, a known marker of respiratory complex neurons.These are the first genome-wide significant findings reported for oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep, a phenotype of high clinical interest. Our replicated associations with HK1 and IL18R1 suggest that variants in inflammatory pathways, such as the biologically-plausible NLRP3 inflammasome, may contribute to nocturnal hypoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX United States of America
- Center for Precision Health, School of Public Health and School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX United States of America
| | - Adrienne M. Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Raanan Arens
- The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard Barfield
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexis C. Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, UW Medicine Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Gleason
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - David R. Hillman
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W. Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - David J. Lederer
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jose S. Loredo
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Shaun M. Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Alberto R. Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J. Reid
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Neomi A. Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX United States of America
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Katie L. Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson MS, United States of America
| | - Shamil R. Sunyaev
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Cathy C. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Pain, and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|