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Nájera Espinosa S, Hadida G, Jelmar Sietsma A, Alae-Carew C, Turner G, Green R, Pastorino S, Picetti R, Scheelbeek P. Mapping the evidence of novel plant-based foods: a systematic review of nutritional, health, and environmental impacts in high-income countries. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae031. [PMID: 38657969 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Shifting from current dietary patterns to diets rich in plant-based (PB) foods and lower in animal-based foods (ABFs) is generally regarded as a suitable strategy to improve nutritional health and reduce environmental impacts. Despite the recent growth in supply of and demand for novel plant-based foods (NPBFs), a comprehensive overview is lacking. OBJECTIVES This review provides a synthesis of available evidence, highlights challenges, and informs public health and environmental strategies for purposeful political decision-making by systematically searching, analyzing, and summarizing the available literature. DATA SOURCES Five peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources were rigorously searched for publications. DATA EXTRACTION Study characteristics meeting the inclusion criteria regarding NPBF nutrient composition and health and environmental outcomes in high-income countries were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS Fifty-seven peer-reviewed and 36 grey literature sources were identified; these were published in 2016-2022. NPBFs typically have substantially lower environmental impacts than ABFs, but the nutritional contents are complex and vary considerably across brands, product type, and main primary ingredient. In the limited evidence on the health impacts, shifts from ABFs to PB meats were associated with positive health outcomes. However, results were mixed for PB drinks, with links to micronutrient deficiencies. CONCLUSION If carefully selected, certain NPBFs have the potential to be healthier and nutrient-rich alternatives to ABFs and typically have smaller environmental footprints. More disaggregated categorization of various types of NPBFs would be a helpful step in guiding consumers and key stakeholders to make informed decisions. To enable informed policymaking on the inclusion of NPBFs in dietary transitions as part of a wider net-zero and health strategy, future priorities should include nutritional food standards, labelling, and subdivisions or categorizations of NPBFs, as well as short- and long-term health studies evaluating dietary shifts from ABFs to NPBFs and standardized environmental impact assessments, ideally from independent funders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nájera Espinosa
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Hadida
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Jelmar Sietsma
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carmelia Alae-Carew
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Turner
- Department of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Green
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Pastorino
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Picetti
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Smith P, Rosell A, Farm M, Bruzelius M, Aguilera Gatica K, Mackman N, Odeberg J, Thålin C. Markers of neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular traps in diagnosing patients with acute venous thromboembolism: A feasibility study based on two VTE cohorts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270865. [PMID: 35901107 PMCID: PMC9333265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosis would greatly benefit from the identification of novel biomarkers to complement D-dimer, a marker limited by low specificity. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to promote thrombosis and could hypothetically be used for diagnosis of acute VTE. Objectives To assess the levels of specific markers of neutrophil activation and NETs and compare their diagnostic accuracy to D-dimer. Methods We measured plasma levels of neutrophil activation marker neutrophil elastase (NE), the NET marker nucleosomal citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit-DNA) and cell-free DNA in patients (n = 294) with suspected VTE (pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis) as well as healthy controls (n = 30). A total of 112 VTE positive and 182 VTE negative patients from two prospective cohort studies were included. Results Higher levels of H3Cit-DNA and NE, but not cell-free DNA, were associated with VTE. Area under receiver operating curves (AUC) were 0.90 and 0.93 for D-dimer, 0.65 and 0.68 for NE and 0.60 and 0.67 for H3Cit-DNA in the respective cohorts. Adding NE and H3Cit-DNA to a D-dimer based risk model did not improve AUC. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the presence of neutrophil activation and NET formation in VTE using specific markers. However, the addition of NE or H3Cit-DNA to D-dimer did not improve the discrimination compared to D-dimer alone. This study provides information on the feasibility of using markers of NETs as diagnostic tools in acute VTE. Based on our findings, we believe the potential of these markers are limited in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Smith
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme of Emergency and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Rosell
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Farm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bruzelius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherina Aguilera Gatica
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Payton NM, Marseglia A, Grande G, Fratiglioni L, Kivipelto M, Bäckman L, Laukka EJ. Trajectories of cognitive decline and dementia development: A 12-year longitudinal study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:857-867. [PMID: 35715929 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mapping the preclinical dementia phase is important for early detection and evaluation of interventions. We assessed the trajectories of cognitive decline in preclinical dementia over 12 years and investigated whether being a fast decliner across 6 years is associated with increased risk of dementia the following 6 years. METHODS Rates of cognitive decline were determined using mixed-effects models for 1646 participants from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) cohort. Cox regression was used to assess the future likelihood of dementia for fast decliners (declining ≥1.5 standard deviations [SDs] faster than the age-specific rates). RESULTS Participants in a preclinical phase of dementia showed increased rates of decline in all cognitive tests compared to the no-dementia group, particularly closer (0-6 years) to diagnosis. Participants declining fast in three or more cognitive tests 12-6 years before diagnosis demonstrated a high risk of dementia 6 years later (hazard ratio [HR] 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28-6.69). DISCUSSION Being a fast decliner is linked to increased risk of future dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Payton
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Marseglia
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholms Sjukhem, Research & Development Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sundqvist ML, Larsen FJ, Carlström M, Bottai M, Pernow J, Hellénius ML, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. A randomized clinical trial of the effects of leafy green vegetables and inorganic nitrate on blood pressure. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:749-756. [PMID: 32091599 PMCID: PMC7338722 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with lowering of blood pressure (BP), but the nutrient(s) responsible for these effects remain unclear. Research suggests that inorganic nitrate present in leafy green vegetables is converted into NO in vivo to improve cardiovascular function. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the effect of leafy green vegetables on BP in subjects with elevated BP, with the aim of elucidating if any such effect is related to their high nitrate content. DESIGN We enrolled 243 subjects, 50-70 y old, with a clinic systolic BP (SBP) of 130-159 mm Hg. After a 2-wk run-in period on a nitrate-restricted diet the subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the following 3 interventions daily for 5 wk: low-nitrate vegetables + placebo pills, low-nitrate vegetables + nitrate pills (300 mg nitrate), or leafy green vegetables containing 300 mg nitrate + placebo pills. The primary end point measure was the difference in change in 24 h ambulatory SBP between the groups. RESULTS A total of 231 subjects (95%) completed the study. The insignificant change in ambulatory SBP (mean ± standard deviation) was -0.6 ± 6.2 mm Hg in the placebo group, -1.2 ± 6.8 mm Hg in the potassium nitrate group, and -0.5 ± 6.6 mm Hg in the leafy green vegetable group. There was no significant difference in change between the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS A 5-wk dietary supplementation with leafy green vegetables or pills containing the same amount of inorganic nitrate does not decrease ambulatory SBP in subjects with elevated BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02916615.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela L Sundqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Clinical Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai-Lis Hellénius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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