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Schuh MP, Yarlagadda S, Alkhudairy L, Preusse K, Kopan R. Characterizing post-branching nephrogenesis in the neonatal rabbit. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19234. [PMID: 37932368 PMCID: PMC10628296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nephrogenesis ends prior to birth in term infants (34-36 week gestation), with most (60%) nephrons forming in late gestation in two post-branching nephrogenesis (PBN) periods: arcading and lateral branch nephrogenesis. Preterm infants, however, must execute PBN postnatally. Extreme prematurity is associated with low nephron counts. Identifying additional model(s) that undergo PBN postnatally will help support postnatal PBN in preterm infants. The rabbit exhibits longer postnatal nephrogenesis than the mouse but whether it forms nephrons through PBN has not been determined. We performed morphologic and immunohistological assessments of rabbit nephrogenesis from birth (post-conceptual day 31 or 32) to PC49 using H&E and antibodies against SIX1, SIX2, WT1, ZO-1, and JAG1 in the postnatal period. We performed 3D rendering of the nephrogenic niche to assess for PBN, and supplemented the staining with RNAScope to map the expression of Six1, Six2 (nephron progenitors, NPC), and Ret (ureteric bud tip) transcripts to determine the nephrogenic niche postnatal lifespan. Unlike the mouse, rabbit SIX2 disappeared from NPC before SIX1, resembling the human niche. Active nephrogenesis as defined by the presence of SIX1 + naïve NPC/tip population persisted only until PC35-36 (3-5 postnatal days). 3D morphologic assessments of the cortical nephrons identified an elongated tubule with attached glomeruli extending below the UB tip, consistent with PBN arcades, but not with lateral branch nephrogenesis. We conclude that the rabbit shows morphologic and molecular evidence of PBN arcades continuing postnatally for a shorter period than previously thought. The rabbit is the first non-primate expressing SIX1 in the progenitor population. Our findings suggest that studies of arcading in postnatal nephrogenic niche should be performed within the first 5 days of life in the rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith P Schuh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7022, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Sunitha Yarlagadda
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7022, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lyan Alkhudairy
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7022, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kristina Preusse
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Matute JD, Duan J, Flak MB, Griebel P, Tascon-Arcila JA, Doms S, Hanley T, Antanaviciute A, Gundrum J, Mark Welch JL, Sit B, Abtahi S, Fuhler GM, Grootjans J, Tran F, Stengel ST, White JR, Krupka N, Haller D, Clare S, Lawley TD, Kaser A, Simmons A, Glickman JN, Bry L, Rosenstiel P, Borisy G, Waldor MK, Baines JF, Turner JR, Blumberg RS. Intelectin-1 binds and alters the localization of the mucus barrier-modifying bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20211938. [PMID: 36413219 PMCID: PMC9683900 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is a lectin secreted by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and upregulated in human ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated how ITLN1 production is regulated in IECs and the biological effects of ITLN1 at the host-microbiota interface using mouse models. Our data show that ITLN1 upregulation in IECs from UC patients is a consequence of activating the unfolded protein response. Analysis of microbes coated by ITLN1 in vivo revealed a restricted subset of microorganisms, including the mucolytic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. Mice overexpressing intestinal ITLN1 exhibited decreased inner colonic mucus layer thickness and closer apposition of A. muciniphila to the epithelial cell surface, similar to alterations reported in UC. The changes in the inner mucus layer were microbiota and A. muciniphila dependent and associated with enhanced sensitivity to chemically induced and T cell-mediated colitis. We conclude that by determining the localization of a select group of bacteria to the mucus layer, ITLN1 modifies this critical barrier. Together, these findings may explain the impact of ITLN1 dysregulation on UC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jinzhi Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Magdalena B. Flak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Griebel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jose A. Tascon-Arcila
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shauni Doms
- Guest Group Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Brandon Sit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gwenny M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism & Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephanie T. Stengel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Krupka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dirk Haller
- Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Simmons
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan N. Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
| | - John F. Baines
- Guest Group Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Geisler D, Freeman MC, Rapsinski GJ, Wheeler SE. Unexpected False-Positive Rates in Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Serology Using the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG Assay. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:773-775. [PMID: 33899091 PMCID: PMC8130881 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serologic assay performance studies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pediatric populations are lacking, and few seroprevalence studies have routinely incorporated orthogonal testing to improve accuracy. METHODS Remnant serum samples for routine bloodwork from 2,338 pediatric patients at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh were assessed using the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG (EuroIGG) assay. Reactive cases with sufficient volume were also tested using 3 additional commercial assays. RESULTS Eighty-five specimens were reactive according to the EuroIGG, yielding 3.64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.91%-4.48%) seropositivity, of which 73 specimens had sufficient remaining volume for confirmation by orthogonal testing. Overall, 19.18% (95% CI, 10.18%-28.18%) of samples were positive on a second and/or third orthogonal assay. This 80.82% false positivity rate is disproportionate to the expected false positivity rate of 50% given our pediatric population prevalence and assay performance. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric populations, false-positive SARS-CoV-2 serology may be more common than assay and prevalence parameters would predict, and further studies are needed to establish the performance of SARS-CoV-2 serology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Geisler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Culler Freeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Glenn J Rapsinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunopathology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Nagata JM, Ganson KT, Cunningham ML, Mitchison D, Lavender JM, Blashill AJ, Gooding HC, Murray SB. Associations between legal performance-enhancing substance use and future cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244018. [PMID: 33320903 PMCID: PMC7737961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legal performance-enhancing substances (PES), such as creatine, are commonly used by adolescents and young adults. As PES are mostly unregulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, there has been limited empirical attention devoted to examining their long-term safety and health outcomes. Preliminary studies have demonstrated associations between PES use and severe medical events, including hospitalizations and death. PES could be linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common cause of mortality in the US, by altering the myocardium, vasculature, or metabolism. The objective of this study was to examine prospective associations between the use of legal PES in young adulthood and CVD risk factors at seven-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nationally representative longitudinal cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Waves III (2001-2002) and IV (2008), were analyzed. Regression models determined the prospective association between the use of legal PES (e.g. creatine monohydrate) and CVD risk factors (e.g. body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia), adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among the diverse sample of 11,996 male and female participants, no significant differences by PES use in body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia were noted at Wave III. In unadjusted comparisons, legal PES users (versus non-users) were more likely to be White, be male, be college educated, drink alcohol, and engage in weightlifting, exercise, individual sports, team sports, and other strength training. There were no significant prospective associations between legal PES use at Wave III and body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) deciles at seven-year follow-up (Wave IV), adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, and Wave III CVD risk factors. Similarly, there were no significant prospective associations between legal PES use and diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia based on objective measures or self-reported medications and diagnoses, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, and Wave III CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS We do not find evidence for a prospective association between legal PES use and CVD risk factors in young adults over seven years of follow-up, including BMI, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. It should be noted that legal PES use was operationalized dichotomously and as one broad category, which did not account for frequency, amount, or duration of use. Given the lack of regulation and clinical trials data, observational studies can provide much needed data to inform the safety and long-term health associations of legal PES use and, in turn, inform clinical guidance and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Deborah Mitchison
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Holly C. Gooding
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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5
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Donowitz JR, Cook H, Alam M, Tofail F, Kabir M, Colgate ER, Carmolli MP, Kirkpatrick BD, Nelson CA, Ma JZ, Haque R, Petri WA. Role of maternal health and infant inflammation in nutritional and neurodevelopmental outcomes of two-year-old Bangladeshi children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006363. [PMID: 29813057 PMCID: PMC5993301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown maternal, inflammatory, and socioeconomic variables to be associated with growth and neurodevelopment in children from low-income countries. However, these outcomes are multifactorial and work describing which predictors most strongly influence them is lacking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a longitudinal study of Bangladeshi children from birth to two years to assess oral vaccine efficacy. Variables pertaining to maternal and perinatal health, socioeconomic status, early childhood enteric and systemic inflammation, and anthropometry were collected. Bayley-III neurodevelopmental assessment was conducted at two years. As a secondary analysis, we employed hierarchical cluster and random forests techniques to identify and rank which variables predicted growth and neurodevelopment. Cluster analysis demonstrated three distinct groups of predictors. Mother's weight and length-for-age Z score (LAZ) at enrollment were the strongest predictors of LAZ at two years. Cognitive score on Bayley-III was strongly predicted by weight-for-age (WAZ) at enrollment, income, and LAZ at enrollment. Top predictors of language included Rotavirus vaccination, plasma IL 5, sCD14, TNFα, mother's weight, and male gender. Motor function was best predicted by fecal calprotectin, WAZ at enrollment, fecal neopterin, and plasma CRP index. The strongest predictors for social-emotional score included plasma sCD14, income, WAZ at enrollment, and LAZ at enrollment. Based on the random forests' predictions, the estimated percentage of variation explained was 35.4% for LAZ at two years, 34.3% for ΔLAZ, 42.7% for cognitive score, 28.1% for language, 40.8% for motor, and 37.9% for social-emotional score. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Birth anthropometry and maternal weight were strong predictors of growth while enteric and systemic inflammation had stronger associations with neurodevelopment. Birth anthropometry was a powerful predictor for all outcomes. These data suggest that further study of stunting in low-income settings should include variables relating to maternal and prenatal health, while investigations focusing on neurodevelopmental outcomes should additionally target causes of systemic and enteric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Donowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Heather Cook
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Masud Alam
- Division of Parasitology, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- Child Development Unit, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mamun Kabir
- Division of Parasitology, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - E. Ross Colgate
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Marya P. Carmolli
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Beth D. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rashidul Haque
- Division of Parasitology, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William A. Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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