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Sonawane PD, Jozwiak A, Barbole R, Panda S, Abebie B, Kazachkova Y, Gharat SA, Ramot O, Unger T, Wizler G, Meir S, Rogachev I, Doron-Faigenboim A, Petreikov M, Schaffer A, Giri AP, Scherf T, Aharoni A. 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases drive expansion of steroidal alkaloid structural diversity in the genus Solanum. New Phytol 2023; 240:2165. [PMID: 37658666 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ranjit Barbole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rural Delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
| | - Bekele Abebie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO-Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sachin A Gharat
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofir Ramot
- Metabolic Insights Ltd, Ness Ziona, 7414001, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- Israel Structural Proteomics Centre, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Guy Wizler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, 7505101, Israel
| | - Marina Petreikov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, 7505101, Israel
| | - Arthur Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tali Scherf
- NMR unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Sonawane PD, Jozwiak A, Barbole R, Panda S, Abebie B, Kazachkova Y, Gharat SA, Ramot O, Unger T, Wizler G, Meir S, Rogachev I, Doron-Faigenboim A, Petreikov M, Schaffer A, Giri AP, Scherf T, Aharoni A. 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases drive expansion of steroidal alkaloid structural diversity in the genus Solanum. New Phytol 2022; 234:1394-1410. [PMID: 35238413 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are renowned defence metabolites exhibiting spectacular structural diversity. Genes and enzymes generating the SGA precursor pathway, SGA scaffold and glycosylated forms have been largely identified. Yet, the majority of downstream metabolic steps creating the vast repertoire of SGAs remain untapped. Here, we discovered that members of the 2-OXOGLUTARATE-DEPENDENT DIOXYGENASE (2-ODD) family play a prominent role in SGA metabolism, carrying out three distinct backbone-modifying oxidative steps in addition to the three formerly reported pathway reactions. The GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM34 (GAME34) enzyme catalyses the conversion of core SGAs to habrochaitosides in wild tomato S. habrochaites. Cultivated tomato plants overexpressing GAME34 ectopically accumulate habrochaitosides. These habrochaitoside enriched plants extracts potently inhibit Puccinia spp. spore germination, a significant Solanaceae crops fungal pathogen. Another 2-ODD enzyme, GAME33, acts as a desaturase (via hydroxylation and E/F ring rearrangement) forming unique, yet unreported SGAs. Conversion of bitter α-tomatine to ripe fruit, nonbitter SGAs (e.g. esculeoside A) requires two hydroxylations; while the known GAME31 2-ODD enzyme catalyses hydroxytomatine formation, we find that GAME40 catalyses the penultimate step in the pathway and generates acetoxy-hydroxytomatine towards esculeosides accumulation. Our results highlight the significant contribution of 2-ODD enzymes to the remarkable structural diversity found in plant steroidal specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Natural Products, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ranjit Barbole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rural delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
| | - Bekele Abebie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO-Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sachin A Gharat
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofir Ramot
- Metabolic Insights Ltd, Ness Ziona, 7414001, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- Israel Structural Proteomics Centre, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Guy Wizler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, 7505101, Israel
| | - Marina Petreikov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, 7505101, Israel
| | - Arthur Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Department of Natural Products, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Tali Scherf
- NMR unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Kemp JE, Vallejo-Marín M. Pollen dispensing schedules in buzz-pollinated plants: experimental comparison of species with contrasting floral morphologies. Am J Bot 2021; 108:993-1005. [PMID: 34196392 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plants can mitigate the fitness costs associated with pollen consumption by floral visitors by optimizing pollen release rates. In buzz-pollinated plants, bees apply vibrations to remove pollen from anthers with small pores. These poricidal anthers potentially function as mechanism staggering pollen release, but this has rarely been tested across plant species differing in anther morphology. METHODS In Solanum Section Androceras, three pairs of buzz-pollinated species have undergone independent evolutionary shifts between large- and small-flowers, which are accompanied by replicate changes in anther morphology. We used these shifts in anther morphology to characterize the association between anther morphology and pollen dispensing schedules. We applied simulated bee-like vibrations to anthers to elicit pollen release, and compared pollen dispensing schedules across anther morphologies. We also investigated how vibration velocity affects pollen release. RESULTS Replicate transitions in Solanum anther morphology are associated with consistent changes in pollen dispensing schedules. We found that small-flowered taxa release their pollen at higher rates than their large-flowered counterparts. Higher vibration velocities resulted in quicker pollen dispensing and more total pollen released. Finally, both the pollen dispensing rate and the amount of pollen released in the first vibration were negatively related to anther wall area, but we did not observe any association between pore size and pollen dispensing. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first empirical demonstration that the pollen dispensing properties of poricidal anthers depend on both floral characteristics and bee vibration properties. Morphological modification of anthers could thus provide a mechanism to exploit different pollination environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurene E Kemp
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, FK9 4LA
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, FK9 4LA
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Gray SB, Rodriguez‐Medina J, Rusoff S, Toal TW, Kajala K, Runcie DE, Brady SM. Translational regulation contributes to the elevated CO 2 response in two Solanum species. Plant J 2020; 102:383-397. [PMID: 31797460 PMCID: PMC7216843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) in global agriculture is important given climate change projections. Breeding climate-resilient crops depends on genetic variation within naturally varying populations. The effect of genetic variation in response to eCO2 is poorly understood, especially in crop species. We describe the different ways in which Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relative S. pennellii respond to eCO2 , from cell anatomy, to the transcriptome, and metabolome. We further validate the importance of translational regulation as a potential mechanism for plants to adaptively respond to rising levels of atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B. Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Joel Rodriguez‐Medina
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Samuel Rusoff
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ted W. Toal
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
- Present address:
Plant EcophysiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniel E. Runcie
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
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5
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Sanchez DH, Gaubert H, Yang W. Evidence of developmental escape from transcriptional gene silencing in MESSI retrotransposons. New Phytol 2019; 223:950-964. [PMID: 31063594 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous genomic features. 'Copy-and-paste' long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposons have been particularly successful during evolution of the plant kingdom, representing a substantial proportion of genomes. For survival in copious numbers, these TEs may have evolved replicative mobilization strategies that circumvented hosts' epigenetic silencing. Stressful circumstances are known to trigger the majority of known mobilizing plant retrotransposons, leading to the idea that most are activated by environmental signals. However, previous research revealed that plant developmental programs include steps of silencing relaxation, suggesting that developmental signals may also be of importance for thriving parasitic elements. Here, we uncover an unusual family of giant LTR retrotransposons from the Solanum clade, named MESSI, with transcriptional competence in shoot apical meristems of tomato. Despite being recognized and targeted by the host epigenetic surveillance, this family is activated in specific meristematic areas fundamental for plant shoot development, which are involved in meristem formation and maintenance. Our work provides initial evidence that some retrotransposons may evolve developmentally associated escape strategies to overcome transcriptional gene silencing in vegetative tissues contributing to the host's next generation. This implies that not only environmental but also developmental signals could be exploited by selfish elements for survival within the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Sanchez
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Hervé Gaubert
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Weibing Yang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
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Wu M, Kostyun JL, Hahn MW, Moyle LC. Dissecting the basis of novel trait evolution in a radiation with widespread phylogenetic discordance. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3301-3316. [PMID: 29953708 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of trait evolution can provide insight into the evolutionary processes that initiate and drive phenotypic diversification. However, recent phylogenomic studies have revealed extensive gene tree-species tree discordance, which can lead to incorrect inferences of trait evolution if only a single species tree is used for analysis. This phenomenon-dubbed "hemiplasy"-is particularly important to consider during analyses of character evolution in rapidly radiating groups, where discordance is widespread. Here, we generate whole-transcriptome data for a phylogenetic analysis of 14 species in the plant genus Jaltomata (the sister clade to Solanum), which has experienced rapid, recent trait evolution, including in fruit and nectar colour, and flower size and shape. Consistent with other radiations, we find evidence for rampant gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and to introgression events among the well-supported subclades. As both ILS and introgression increase the probability of hemiplasy, we perform several analyses that take discordance into account while identifying genes that might contribute to phenotypic evolution. Despite discordance, the history of fruit colour evolution in Jaltomata can be inferred with high confidence, and we find evidence of de novo adaptive evolution at individual genes associated with fruit colour variation. In contrast, hemiplasy appears to strongly affect inferences about floral character transitions in Jaltomata, and we identify candidate loci that could arise either from multiple lineage-specific substitutions or standing ancestral polymorphisms. Our analysis provides a generalizable example of how to manage discordance when identifying loci associated with trait evolution in a radiating lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Jamie L Kostyun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Leonie C Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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7
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Muir CD, Conesa MÀ, Roldán EJ, Molins A, Galmés J. Weak coordination between leaf structure and function among closely related tomato species. New Phytol 2017; 213:1642-1653. [PMID: 28164333 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that natural selection should favor coordination between leaf physiology, biochemistry and anatomical structure along a functional trait spectrum from fast, resource-acquisitive syndromes to slow, resource-conservative syndromes. However, the coordination hypothesis has rarely been tested at a phylogenetic scale most relevant for understanding rapid adaptation in the recent past or for the prediction of evolutionary trajectories in response to climate change. We used a common garden to examine genetically based coordination between leaf traits across 19 wild and cultivated tomato taxa. We found weak integration between leaf structure (e.g. leaf mass per area) and physiological function (photosynthetic rate, biochemical capacity and CO2 diffusion), even though all were arrayed in the predicted direction along a 'fast-slow' spectrum. This suggests considerable scope for unique trait combinations to evolve in response to new environments or in crop breeding. In particular, we found that partially independent variation in stomatal and mesophyll conductance may allow a plant to improve water-use efficiency without necessarily sacrificing maximum photosynthetic rates. Our study does not imply that functional trait spectra, such as the leaf economics spectrum, are unimportant, but that many important axes of variation within a taxonomic group may be unique and not generalizable to other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Muir
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Miquel À Conesa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Emilio J Roldán
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Arántzazu Molins
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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