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Jia MJ, Bruza P, Jarvis LA, Gladstone DJ, Pogue BW. Multi-beam scan analysis with a clinical LINAC for high resolution Cherenkov-excited molecular luminescence imaging in tissue. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:4217-4234. [PMID: 30615721 PMCID: PMC6157777 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) is achieved with external beam radiotherapy to map out molecular luminescence intensity or lifetime in tissue. Just as in fluorescence microscopy, the choice of excitation geometry can affect the imaging time, spatial resolution and contrast recovered. In this study, the use of spatially patterned illumination was systematically studied comparing scan shapes, starting with line scan and block patterns and increasing from single beams to multiple parallel beams and then to clinically used treatment plans for radiation therapy. The image recovery was improved by a spatial-temporal modulation-demodulation method, which used the ability to capture simultaneous images of the excitation Cherenkov beam shape to deconvolve the CELSI images. Experimental studies used the multi-leaf collimator on a clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) to create the scanning patterns, and image resolution and contrast recovery were tested at different depths of tissue phantom material. As hypothesized, the smallest illumination squares achieved optimal resolution, but at the cost of lower signal and slower imaging time. Having larger excitation blocks provided superior signal but at the cost of increased radiation dose and lower resolution. Increasing the scan beams to multiple block patterns improved the performance in terms of image fidelity, lower radiation dose and faster acquisition. The spatial resolution was mostly dependent upon pixel area with an optimized side length near 38mm and a beam scan pitch of P = 0.33, and the achievable imaging depth was increased from 14mm to 18mm with sufficient resolving power for 1mm sized test objects. As a proof-of-concept, in-vivo tumor mouse imaging was performed to show 3D rendering and quantification of tissue pO2 with values of 5.6mmHg in a tumor and 77mmHg in normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Jeremy Jia
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Petr Bruza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Lesley A. Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - David J. Gladstone
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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2
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Iyer JS, Zhu N, Gasilov S, Ladak HM, Agrawal SK, Stankovic KM. Visualizing the 3D cytoarchitecture of the human cochlea in an intact temporal bone using synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:3757-3767. [PMID: 30338153 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The gold standard method for visualizing the pathologies underlying human sensorineural hearing loss has remained post-mortem histology for over 125 years, despite awareness that histological preparation induces severe artifacts in biological tissue. Historically, the transition from post-mortem assessment to non-invasive clinical biomedical imaging in living humans has revolutionized diagnosis and treatment of disease; however, innovation in non-invasive techniques for cellular-level intracochlear imaging in humans has been difficult due to the cochlea's small size, complex 3D configuration, fragility, and deep encasement within bone. Here we investigate the ability of synchrotron radiation-facilitated X-ray absorption and phase contrast imaging to enable visualization of sensory cells and nerve fibers in the cochlea's sensory epithelium in situ in 3D intact, non-decalcified, unstained human temporal bones. Our findings show that this imaging technique resolves the bone-encased sensory epithelium's cytoarchitecture with unprecedented levels of cellular detail for an intact, unstained specimen, and is capable of distinguishing between healthy and damaged epithelium. All analyses were performed using commercially available software that quickly reconstructs and facilitates 3D manipulation of massive data sets. Results suggest that synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging has the future potential to replace histology as a gold standard for evaluating intracochlear structural integrity in human specimens, and motivate further optimization for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani S Iyer
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 1350 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sergei Gasilov
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hanif M Ladak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumit K Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 1350 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Iyer JS, Zhu N, Gasilov S, Ladak HM, Agrawal SK, Stankovic KM. Visualizing the 3D cytoarchitecture of the human cochlea in an intact temporal bone using synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:3757-3767. [PMID: 30338153 PMCID: PMC6191620 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The gold standard method for visualizing the pathologies underlying human sensorineural hearing loss has remained post-mortem histology for over 125 years, despite awareness that histological preparation induces severe artifacts in biological tissue. Historically, the transition from post-mortem assessment to non-invasive clinical biomedical imaging in living humans has revolutionized diagnosis and treatment of disease; however, innovation in non-invasive techniques for cellular-level intracochlear imaging in humans has been difficult due to the cochlea's small size, complex 3D configuration, fragility, and deep encasement within bone. Here we investigate the ability of synchrotron radiation-facilitated X-ray absorption and phase contrast imaging to enable visualization of sensory cells and nerve fibers in the cochlea's sensory epithelium in situ in 3D intact, non-decalcified, unstained human temporal bones. Our findings show that this imaging technique resolves the bone-encased sensory epithelium's cytoarchitecture with unprecedented levels of cellular detail for an intact, unstained specimen, and is capable of distinguishing between healthy and damaged epithelium. All analyses were performed using commercially available software that quickly reconstructs and facilitates 3D manipulation of massive data sets. Results suggest that synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging has the future potential to replace histology as a gold standard for evaluating intracochlear structural integrity in human specimens, and motivate further optimization for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani S. Iyer
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 1350 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sergei Gasilov
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hanif M. Ladak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumit K. Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 1350 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Yao S, Zong Y, Huang X, Liu Y, Gong N, Zhang J, Li Z, Cao F, Wang X, Liang XJ, Jiang H. Periodic microstructures of blood capillaries revealed by synchrotron X-ray multi-resolution microscopic analysis. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5825-5833. [PMID: 29296507 PMCID: PMC5745122 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are closely related to structural blood capillaries lesions. Herein, microscopic investigations of mouse blood capillaries were performed at multiple spatial resolution by using synchrotron X-ray in-line phase contrast tomography and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). The chemically fixed blood capillaries without any contrast agents were selected. For the first time, a periodic bamboo-shaped structure was observed at nanoscale resolution by STXM, and the three-dimensional tomographic slices at sub-micrometer resolution further confirmed the periodic wave profile of the blood capillaries. Then, a periodic microstructural model was suggested based on the microscopic images. By using high-performance imaging techniques, this work provides a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of blood capillaries, will be helpful in elucidating the causes of cardiovascular system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Yunbing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Department of Data and Business Analysis Product, Inspur International Ltd., Jinan 250101, China
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road Zhongguangcun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangcheng Wang
- Department of Data and Business Analysis Product, Inspur International Ltd., Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road Zhongguangcun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huaidong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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5
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Zhang W, Zhu D, Lun M, Li C. Multiple pinhole collimator based X-ray luminescence computed tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:2506-23. [PMID: 27446686 PMCID: PMC4948610 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is an emerging hybrid imaging modality, which is able to improve the spatial resolution of optical imaging to hundreds of micrometers for deep targets by using superfine X-ray pencil beams. However, due to the low X-ray photon utilization efficiency in a single pinhole collimator based XLCT, it takes a long time to acquire measurement data. Herein, we propose a multiple pinhole collimator based XLCT, in which multiple X-ray beams are generated to scan a sample at multiple positions simultaneously. Compared with the single pinhole based XLCT, the multiple X-ray beam scanning method requires much less measurement time. Numerical simulations and phantom experiments have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the multiple X-ray beam scanning method. In one numerical simulation, we used four X-ray beams to scan a cylindrical object with 6 deeply embedded targets. With measurements from 6 angular projections, all 6 targets have been reconstructed successfully. In the phantom experiment, we generated two X-ray pencil beams with a collimator manufactured in-house. Two capillary targets with 0.6 mm edge-to-edge distance embedded in a cylindrical phantom have been reconstructed successfully. With the two beam scanning, we reduced the data acquisition time by 50%. From the reconstructed XLCT images, we found that the Dice similarity of targets is 85.11% and the distance error between two targets is less than 3%. We have measured the radiation dose during XLCT scan and found that the radiation dose, 1.475 mSv, is in the range of a typical CT scan. We have measured the changes of the collimated X-ray beam size and intensity at different distances from the collimator. We have also studied the effects of beam size and intensity in the reconstruction of XLCT.
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6
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Ehn S, Epple FM, Fehringer A, Pennicard D, Graafsma H, Noël P, Pfeiffer F. X-ray deconvolution microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1227-1239. [PMID: 27446649 PMCID: PMC4929635 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-photon-counting detectors are enabling the development of novel approaches to reach micrometer-scale resolution in x-ray imaging. One example of such a technology are the MEDIPIX3RX-based detectors, such as the LAMBDA which can be operated with a small pixel size in combination with real-time on-chip charge-sharing correction. This characteristic results in a close to ideal, box-like point spread function which we made use of in this study. The proposed method is based on raster-scanning the sample with sub-pixel sized steps in front of the detector. Subsequently, a deconvolution algorithm is employed to compensate for blurring introduced by the overlap of pixels with a well defined point spread function during the raster-scanning. The presented approach utilizes standard laboratory x-ray equipment while we report resolutions close to 10 μm. The achieved resolution is shown to follow the relationship [Formula: see text] with the pixel-size p of the detector and the number of raster-scanning steps n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ehn
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Franz Michael Epple
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Andreas Fehringer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - David Pennicard
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg,
Germany
| | - Heinz Graafsma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg,
Germany
- Mid Sweden University, 851 80 Sundsvall,
Sweden
| | - Peter Noël
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München,
Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching,
Germany
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7
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Murrie RP, Paganin DM, Fouras A, Morgan KS. Phase contrast x-ray velocimetry of small animal lungs: optimising imaging rates. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:79-92. [PMID: 26819819 PMCID: PMC4722912 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases affect a vast portion of the world's population. One of the key difficulties in accurately diagnosing and treating chronic lung disease is our inability to measure dynamic motion of the lungs in vivo. Phase contrast x-ray imaging (PCXI) allows us to image the lungs in high resolution by exploiting the difference in refractive indices between tissue and air. Combining PCXI with x-ray velocimetry (XV) allows us to track the local motion of the lungs, improving our ability to locate small regions of disease under natural ventilation conditions. Via simulation, we investigate the optimal imaging speed and sequence to capture lung motion in vivo in small animals using XV on both synchrotron and laboratory x-ray sources, balancing the noise inherent in a short exposure with motion blur that results from a long exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Murrie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - D. M. Paganin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - A. Fouras
- Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - K. S. Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Study E17, Technische Universität, München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Pacilè S, Brun F, Dullin C, Nesterest YI, Dreossi D, Mohammadi S, Tonutti M, Stacul F, Lockie D, Zanconati F, Accardo A, Tromba G, Gureyev TE. Clinical application of low-dose phase contrast breast CT: methods for the optimization of the reconstruction workflow. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3099-3112. [PMID: 26309770 PMCID: PMC4541534 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Results are presented of a feasibility study of three-dimensional X-ray tomographic mammography utilising in-line phase contrast. Experiments were performed at SYRMEP beamline of Elettra synchrotron. A specially designed plastic phantom and a mastectomy sample containing a malignant lesion were used to study the reconstructed image quality as a function of different image processing operations. Detailed evaluation and optimization of image reconstruction workflows have been carried out using combinations of several advanced computed tomography algorithms with different pre-processing and post-processing steps. Special attention was paid to the effect of phase retrieval on the diagnostic value of the reconstructed images. A number of objective image quality indices have been applied for quantitative evaluation of the results, and these were compared with subjective assessments of the same images by three experienced radiologists and one pathologist. The outcomes of this study provide practical guidelines for the optimization of image processing workflows in synchrotron-based phase-contrast mammo-tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pacilè
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste),
Italy
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste,
Italy
| | - F. Brun
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste),
Italy
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste,
Italy
| | - C. Dullin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Goettingen, Goettingen,
Germany
| | - Y. I. Nesterest
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne,
Australia
| | - D. Dreossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste),
Italy
| | - S. Mohammadi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste),
Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste,
Italy
- now at LAC+ USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - M. Tonutti
- AOU - Trieste Hospital, Department of Radiology, Trieste,
Italy
| | - F. Stacul
- AOU - Trieste Hospital, Department of Radiology, Trieste,
Italy
| | - D. Lockie
- Maroondah BreastScreen, Melbourne,
Australia
| | - F. Zanconati
- Department of Medical Science-Unit of Pathology, University of Trieste, Trieste,
Italy
| | - A. Accardo
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste,
Italy
| | - G. Tromba
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza (Trieste),
Italy
| | - T. E. Gureyev
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne,
Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC,
Australia
- School of Science and Engineering, University of New England, Armidale, NSW,
Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Australia
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Spinelli AE, Gigliotti CR, Boschi F. Unified approach for bioluminescence, Cerenkov, β, X and γ rays imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:2168-2180. [PMID: 26114036 PMCID: PMC4473751 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to demonstrate that a CCD-based system can be used as a unified device which allows visible, β, X and γ rays imaging. A system composed of a CCD coupled with lens mounted on a black light-tight box and a high resolution intensifying screen for the radiations conversion were used. In order to investigate the detection of different type of radiations in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. The comparison of the results obtained with our prototype and those obtained with dedicated commercial devices showed a good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Spinelli
- Medical Physics Department and Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen R. Gigliotti
- Medical Physics Department and Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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