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Havurinne V, Aitokari R, Mattila H, Käpylä V, Tyystjärvi E. Ultraviolet screening by slug tissue and tight packing of plastids protect photosynthetic sea slugs from photoinhibition. Photosynth Res 2022; 152:373-387. [PMID: 34826025 PMCID: PMC9458594 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the main mysteries regarding photosynthetic sea slugs is how the slug plastids handle photoinhibition, the constant light-induced damage to Photosystem II of photosynthesis. Recovery from photoinhibition involves proteins encoded by both the nuclear and plastid genomes, and slugs with plastids isolated from the algal nucleus are therefore expected to be incapable of constantly repairing the damage as the plastids inside the slugs grow old. We studied photoinhibition-related properties of the sea slug Elysia timida that ingests its plastids from the green alga Acetabularia acetabulum. Spectral analysis of both the slugs and the algae revealed that there are two ways the slugs use to avoid major photoinhibition of their plastids. Firstly, highly photoinhibitory UV radiation is screened by the slug tissue or mucus before it reaches the plastids. Secondly, the slugs pack the plastids tightly in their thick bodies, and therefore plastids in the outer layers protect the inner ones from photoinhibition. Both properties are expected to greatly improve the longevity of the plastids inside the slugs, as the plastids do not need to repair excessive amounts of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Havurinne
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riina Aitokari
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heta Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Käpylä
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Lettow M, Grabarics M, Mucha E, Thomas DA, Polewski Ł, Freyse J, Rademann J, Meijer G, von Helden G, Pagel K. IR action spectroscopy of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:533-537. [PMID: 31853603 PMCID: PMC6992547 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a physio- and pharmacologically highly relevant class of complex saccharides, possessing a linear sequence and strongly acidic character. Their repetitive linear core makes them seem structurally simple at first glance, yet differences in sulfation and epimerization lead to an enormous structural diversity with only a few GAGs having been successfully characterized to date. Recent infrared action spectroscopic experiments on sulfated mono- and disaccharide ions show great promise. Here, we assess the potential of two types of gas-phase action spectroscopy approaches in the range from 1000 to 1800 cm−1 for the structural analysis of complex GAG oligosaccharides. Synthetic tetra- and pentasaccharides were chosen as model compounds for this benchmark study. Utilizing infrared multiple photon dissociation action spectroscopy at room temperature, diagnostic bands are largely unresolved. In contrast, cryogenic infrared action spectroscopy of ions trapped in helium nanodroplets yields resolved infrared spectra with diagnostic features for monosaccharide composition and sulfation pattern. The analysis of GAGs could therefore significantly benefit from expanding the conventional MS-based toolkit with gas-phase cryogenic IR spectroscopy. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lettow
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Márkó Grabarics
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Mucha
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel A Thomas
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Łukasz Polewski
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Freyse
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Talbert LE, Julian RR. Methionine and Selenomethionine as Energy Transfer Acceptors for Biomolecular Structure Elucidation in the Gas Phase. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:1601-1608. [PMID: 31222676 PMCID: PMC6697561 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry affords rapid and sensitive analysis of peptides and proteins. Coupling spectroscopy with mass spectrometry allows for the development of new methods to enhance biomolecular structure determination. Herein, we demonstrate two new energy acceptors that can be utilized for action-excitation energy transfer experiments. In the first system, C-S bonds in methionine act as energy acceptors from native chromophores, including tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. Comparison among chromophores reveals that tyrosine transfers energy most efficiently at 266 nm, but phenylalanine and tryptophan also transfer energy with comparable efficiencies. Overall, the C-S bond dissociation yields following energy transfer are low for methionine, which led to an investigation of selenomethionine, a common analog that is found in many naturally occurring proteins. Sulfur and selenium are chemically similar, but C-Se bonds are weaker than C-S bonds and have lower lying σ* anti-bonding orbitals. Excitation of peptides containing tyrosine and tryptophan results in efficient energy transfer to selenomethionine and abundant C-Se bond dissociation. A series of helical peptides were examined where the positions of the donor or acceptor were systematically scanned to explore the influence of distance and helix orientation on energy transfer. The distance was found to be the primary factor affecting energy transfer efficiency, suggesting that selenomethionine may be a useful acceptor for probing protein structure in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance E Talbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Musbat L, Assis S, Dilger JM, El-Baba TJ, Fuller DR, Knudsen JL, Kiefer HV, Hirshfeld A, Friedman N, Andersen LH, Sheves M, Clemmer DE, Toker Y. Action and Ion Mobility Spectroscopy of a Shortened Retinal Derivative. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:2152-2159. [PMID: 30062478 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of tandem ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) known as IMS-IMS has led to extensive research into isomerizations of isolated molecules. Many recent works have focused on the retinal chromophore which is the optical switch used in animal vision. Here, we study a shortened derivative of the chromophore, which exhibits a rich IM spectrum allowing for a detailed analysis of its isomerization pathways, and show that the longer the chromophore is, the lower the barrier energies for isomerization are. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Musbat
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shirrel Assis
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jonathan M Dilger
- Spectrum Warfare Systems Department, NSWC Crane Division, Crane, IN, 47522, USA
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA
| | - Daniel R Fuller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA
| | | | - Hjalte V Kiefer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Amiram Hirshfeld
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Friedman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lars H Andersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mordechai Sheves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA
| | - Yoni Toker
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Daly S, MacAleese L, Dugourd P, Chirot F. Combining Structural Probes in the Gas Phase - Ion Mobility-Resolved Action-FRET. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:133-139. [PMID: 29038996 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the context of native mass spectrometry, the development of gas-phase structural probes sensitive to the different levels of structuration of biomolecular assemblies is necessary to push forward conformational studies. In this paper, we provide the first example of the combination of ion mobility (IM) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements within the same experimental setup. The possibility to obtain mass- and mobility-resolved FRET measurements is demonstrated on a model peptide and applied to monitor the collision-induced unfolding of ubiquitin. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daly
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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Pepin R, Layton ED, Liu Y, Afonso C, Tureček F. Where Does the Electron Go? Stable and Metastable Peptide Cation Radicals Formed by Electron Transfer. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:164-181. [PMID: 27709510 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer to doubly and triply charged heptapeptide ions containing polar residues Arg, Lys, and Asp in combination with nonpolar Gly, Ala, and Pro or Leu generates stable and metastable charge-reduced ions, (M + 2H)+●, in addition to standard electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) fragment ions. The metastable (M + 2H)+● ions spontaneously dissociate upon resonant ejection from the linear ion trap, giving irregularly shaped peaks with offset m/z values. The fractions of stable and metastable (M + 2H)+● ions and their mass shifts depend on the presence of Pro-4 and Leu-4 residues in the peptides, with the Pro-4 sequences giving larger fractions of the stable ions while showing smaller mass shifts for the metastables. Conversion of the Asp and C-terminal carboxyl groups to methyl esters further lowers the charge-reduced ion stability. Collisional activation and photodissociation at 355 nm of mass-selected (M + 2H)+● results in different dissociations that give sequence specific MS3 spectra. With a single exception of charge-reduced (LKGLADR + 2H)+●, the MS3 spectra do not produce ETD sequence fragments of the c and z type. Hence, these (M + 2H)+● ions are covalent radicals, not ion-molecule complexes, undergoing dramatically different dissociations in the ground and excited electronic states. The increased stability of the Pro-4 containing (M + 2H)+● ions is attributed to radicals formed by opening of the Pro ring and undergoing further stabilization by hydrogen atom migrations. UV-VIS photodissociation action spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory calculations are used in a case in point study of the stable (LKGPADR + 2H)+● ion produced by ETD. In contrast to singly-reduced peptide ions, doubly reduced (M + 3H)+ ions are stable only when formed from the Pro-4 precursors and show all characteristics of even electron ions regarding no photon absorption at 355 nm or ion-molecule reactions, and exhibiting proton driven collision induced dissociations. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pepin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Erik D Layton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Carlos Afonso
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA, Normandie University, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA.
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Cismesia AP, Bailey LS, Bell MR, Tesler LF, Polfer NC. Making Mass Spectrometry See the Light: The Promises and Challenges of Cryogenic Infrared Ion Spectroscopy as a Bioanalytical Technique. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:757-66. [PMID: 26975370 PMCID: PMC4841727 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The detailed chemical information contained in the vibrational spectrum of a cryogenically cooled analyte ion would, in principle, make infrared (IR) ion spectroscopy a gold standard technique for molecular identification in mass spectrometry. Despite this immense potential, there are considerable challenges in both instrumentation and methodology to overcome before the technique is analytically useful. Here, we discuss the promise of IR ion spectroscopy for small molecule analysis in the context of metabolite identification. Experimental strategies to address sensitivity constraints, poor overall duty cycle, and speed of the experiment are intimately tied to the development of a mass-selective cryogenic trap. Therefore, the most likely avenues for success, in the authors' opinion, are presented here, alongside alternative approaches and some thoughts on data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Cismesia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Matthew R Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Larry F Tesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Nicolas C Polfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA.
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