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Brennan GM, Moffitt TE, Ambler A, Harrington H, Hogan S, Houts RM, Mani R, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Caspi A. Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7569-7580. [PMID: 37161676 PMCID: PMC10636241 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midlife adults are experiencing a crisis of deaths of despair (i.e. deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease). We tested the hypothesis that a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife is preceded by psychopathology during adolescence. METHODS Participants are members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-73 and followed to age 45 years, with 94% retention. Adolescent mental disorders were assessed in three diagnostic assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Indicators of despair-related maladies across four domains - suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain - were assessed at age 45 using multi-modal measures including self-report, informant-report, and national register data. RESULTS We identified and validated a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife involving suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain. Adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife tended to have had early-onset emotional and behavioral disorders [β = 0.23, 95% CI (0.16-0.30), p < 0.001], even after adjusting for sex, childhood SES, and childhood IQ. A more pronounced midlife despair syndrome was observed among adults who, as adolescents, were diagnosed with a greater number of mental disorders [β = 0.26, 95% CI (0.19-0.33), p < 0.001]. Tests of diagnostic specificity revealed that associations generalized across different adolescent mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Midlife adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies tended to have had psychopathology as adolescents. Prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathology may mitigate despair-related maladies at midlife and ultimately reduce deaths of despair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Brennan
- Duke Aging Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Duke Aging Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Population Health and Aging, Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Promenta, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antony Ambler
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sean Hogan
- Department of Psychology and Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Renate M. Houts
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology and Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Department of Psychology and Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Duke Aging Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Population Health and Aging, Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Promenta, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Belmans E, Raes F, Vervliet B, Takano K. Depressive symptoms and persistent negative self-referent thinking among adolescents: A learning account. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 232:103823. [PMID: 36577333 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning theories of depression propose that negative thinking is acquired through subsequent rewarding experiences and is often resistant to change even when it becomes associated with punishment. We examined whether this persistency of negative thinking is related to current and future levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Persistency of negative self-referent thinking was assessed by means of a decision-making task, namely the emotional reversal learning task. This task offers participants the choice between thinking about negative and positive self-related aspects. Their choice for negative self-referent thinking is initially rewarded but is later punished. Therefore, participants were expected to efficiently switch between negative and positive self-referent thinking, and to internally update their reward expectancy for these thinking options. Results showed that persistency of negative self-referent thinking was related to concurrent levels of depressive symptoms, replicating earlier findings in adults. However, persistency of negative thinking was unrelated to future levels of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that adolescents with depressive symptoms tend to hold on to the belief that negative self-referent thinking has beneficial consequences, even when it is no longer being rewarded. This tendency should be seen as a concurrent feature of depression, as the predictive value is still in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Belmans
- Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Filip Raes
- Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Vervliet
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU, Munich, Germany; Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute (HIIRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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O'Shannessy DM, Waters AM, Donovan CL. Feasibility of an Intensive, Disorder-Specific, Group-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Intervention for Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:546-557. [PMID: 34669067 PMCID: PMC8526989 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the preliminary acceptability and efficacy of an intensive, group-based, disorder-specific cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for adolescents with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Fourteen Australian adolescents with SAD (78.6% female, M age = 13.93 years) and their parents completed the program plus measures of treatment satisfaction, and provided feedback. Clinical interviews and surveys were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 6-month follow-up to determine diagnostic status and assess related variables. Post-treatment satisfaction scores were very high for adolescents and parents. Post-treatment, 32.3% of participants no longer met criteria for SAD diagnosis, increasing to 42.9% at follow-up. Participants showed sizeable reductions in comorbid diagnoses, significant improvements in global functioning, social anxiety symptoms, and internalising symptoms from pre- to post-treatment (maintained at follow-up), and significant improvements in social skills and social competence from pre-treatment to follow-up. This study supports the use of an intensive CBT program for adolescents with SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M O'Shannessy
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia.
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
| | - Caroline L Donovan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Rd, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
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4
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Davis RC, Palumbo IM, Tobin KE, Latzman RD. Exploring the Effects of Parental Involvement on Broad and Specific Dimensions of Behavioral Problems in Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1359-1371. [PMID: 34218352 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have differentiated the specificity from the generality of the associations between parental involvement and adolescent behavioral problems across levels of the psychopathology hierarchy. Among 537 adolescents aged 11-17 years, the current study considered the extent to which associations between mother- and father- involvement and behavioral problems (assessed via the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist) were unique to a specific dimension or reflective of associations with higher-order factors. The hierarchical structure of behavioral problems fit well, with total problems at the top, internalizing and externalizing at the second level, and eight specific symptom dimensions at the third level. Mother and father involvement were protective factors for withdrawn/depressed symptoms and risk factors for anxious/depressed symptoms that were not accounted for by internalizing or total problems. Mother involvement was also a protective factor for rule-breaking behavior and a risk factor for social problems symptoms and aggressive behavior symptoms that were not accounted for by externalizing or total problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Davis
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA
| | - Isabella M Palumbo
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E Tobin
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA.
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Hong K, Morelli NM, Garcia J, Duong JB, Evans MC, Litrownik AJ, Villodas MT. Trajectories of adolescent psychopathology among youth who were maltreated and placed in out-of-home care. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 128:105589. [PMID: 35325707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although researchers have found an increased risk for psychopathology among maltreated adolescents placed in out-of-home care, different trajectories of psychopathology by out-of-home placements have not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE The current study is built on previous investigation of youth in different long-term out-of-home placements and examined the trajectories of adolescent psychopathology by out-of-home placement classes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We leveraged data from the Southwestern site of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Participants included caregiver-youth dyads (N = 273), who had substantiated reports of child maltreatment (CM) prior to children's age four and were placed in out-of-home care. METHODS Five out-of-home placement classes from ages 4 to 12 (i.e., stable adopted, stable reunified, stable kinship care, stable non-kin foster care, and unstable placement) were identified from previous study and participants were interviewed at youth ages 12, 14, and 16 to assess adolescent psychopathology. Latent Growth Curve Analysis was used to examine trajectories of psychopathology by placement classes. RESULTS Adolescents in unstable placement and stable adopted classes had higher intercepts and more positive or less negative slopes for psychopathology compared to those in stable kinship care and stable reunified classes. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in unstable placement and stable adopted classes were at similarly elevated risk for psychopathology, whereas adolescents in stable kinship care and stable reunified classes were at lower risk for psychopathology. We discuss the clinical implication to preventing and intervening risks for psychopathology among maltreated youth in unstable and adopted placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajung Hong
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States of America.
| | - Nicholas M Morelli
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States of America
| | - Jackelyne Garcia
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline B Duong
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States of America
| | - Meghan C Evans
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Alan J Litrownik
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States of America; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, United States of America
| | - Miguel T Villodas
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States of America; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, United States of America; Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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6
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Oro V, Goldsmith HH, Lemery-Chalfant K. Elucidating the Links Between Mother and Father Alcohol Use Disorder and Adolescent Externalizing Psychopathology: A Test of Transmission Specificity Within Competing Factor Structures and Genetic and Environmental Liabilities. Behav Genet 2021; 51:512-527. [PMID: 34189652 PMCID: PMC8601653 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a substantiated risk factor for adolescent externalizing psychopathology; however, the level of specificity at which risk from parental AUD is transmitted to adolescent offspring should be interrogated further. The current study modeled competing factor structures of psychopathology in a sample of 502 adolescent twin pairs (Mage = 13.24 years) and tested associations with mother and father AUD. The bifactor model exhibited the best fit to the data when contrasted with correlated factors and general factor models. Paternal AUD predicted the externalizing and internalizing correlated factors, the adolescent P-factor but not the residual externalizing and internalizing factors, and the general factor. No significant associations with maternal AUD were noted. Lastly, the latent factors of adolescent psychopathology were all moderately heritable (h2 = 0.44-0.59) and influenced by the nonshared environment. Shared genetic factors primarily explained externalizing and internalizing covariance. Findings suggest that efforts to mitigate risk in offspring of fathers exhibiting AUD require broader approaches that address the full range of adolescent symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Oro
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - H Hill Goldsmith
- Waisman Center and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Stattin H, Seiffge-Krenke I, Hendry L, Kloep M, Beyers W. Adolescent psychopathology in times of change: Introduction to the special issue. J Adolesc 2018; 65:228-230. [PMID: 29606359 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this special issue is to understand better the many changes in adolescent psychopathology have taken place over the last decades. The factors associated with adjustment problems and psychopathology in adolescence today are not necessarily the same as the factors that predicted problems and psychopathology in the past. But the basic strategies for connecting negative experiences with adolescent psychopathology remain as important today as they were for understanding adolescent psychopathology decades ago. This is well exemplified in the studies included in this Special Issue. What all this studies have in common is that parenting and the family environment are assumed to play a key role in adolescents' adjustment and psychopathology. Finally, given that all papers in this special issue are based on conference presentations at the 15th Biennial Conference of the European Association for Research on Adolescence (EARA), some more information on that conference in included in this introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wim Beyers
- University of Glamorgan, UK; Ghent University, Belgium
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8
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Abstract
In addition to the major physical, sexual and cognitive changes, as well as changes in relationships with parents and peers, in recent years adolescents also have to cope with many technological changes and increasing societal instabilities. Most of the existing research has examined the extent to which increasing uncertainties might impact expression of psychopathology and its magnitude. Emerging from a developmental psychopathology perspective, we are looking first for a better understanding of the meaning that adolescents give to these changes, which in turn is likely to affect their behavior. We are also looking for better understanding the importance of the role parents, and other societal systems/institutions (such as peers) play in ameliorating or enhancing the likelihood of maladaptive adolescent behavior under these circumstances.
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Jones PJ, Mair P, Riemann BC, Mugno BL, McNally RJ. A network perspective on comorbid depression in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2018; 53:1-8. [PMID: 29125957 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD] frequently suffer from depression, a comorbidity associated with greater symptom severity and suicide risk. We examined the associations between OCD and depression symptoms in 87 adolescents with primary OCD. We computed an association network, a graphical LASSO, and a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to model symptom interactions. Models showed OCD and depression as separate syndromes linked by bridge symptoms. Bridges between the two disorders emerged between obsessional problems in the OCD syndrome, and guilt, concentration problems, and sadness in the depression syndrome. A directed network indicated that OCD symptoms directionally precede depression symptoms. Concentration impairment emerged as a highly central node that may be distinctive to adolescents. We conclude that the network approach to mental disorders provides a new way to understand the etiology and maintenance of comorbid OCD-depression. Network analysis can improve research and treatment of mental disorder comorbidities by generating hypotheses concerning potential causal symptom structures and by identifying symptoms that may bridge disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payton J Jones
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Bradley C Riemann
- OCD Center and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Services, Rogers Memorial Hospital, 34700 Valley Road, Oconomowoc, WI, 53066, USA
| | - Beth L Mugno
- OCD Center and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Services, Rogers Memorial Hospital, 34700 Valley Road, Oconomowoc, WI, 53066, USA
| | - Richard J McNally
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Cromer KD, Villodas MT. Post-traumatic stress as a pathway to psychopathology among adolescents at high-risk for victimization. Child Abuse Negl 2017; 67:182-192. [PMID: 28279865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Victimization by violence elevates adolescents' risk for developing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Recent findings suggest that disruptions in developmental processes associated with post-traumatic stress (PTS) reactions may partially account for the relationship between victimization and the subsequent development of psychopathology during adolescence. The present study tested the temporal sequencing of these associations using multi-informant measurements in a large, diverse sample of adolescents at high-risk for victimization. METHOD Data were collected from a multi-site consortium of prospective studies, the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Information about 833 youth's victimization experiences (i.e., direct, indirect, familial, and non-familial violence), PTS, and affective, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms were gathered from youth and their caregivers during biannual face-to-face interviews when youth were between the ages of 4 and 14 years, and continuously from official child protective services records. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that cumulative victimization contributed to elevations in youth and caregiver reported late childhood and early adolescent psychopathology. While PTS mediated the association between victimization and youth reported ADHD, ODD, CD, major depressive, and generalized anxiety symptoms during adolescence, it only mediated the association between victimization and caregiver reported affective symptoms. CONCLUSIONS PTS reactions following childhood victimization partially accounted for escalations in psychopathology during the transition to adolescence. These findings underscore the importance of integrating trauma-informed assessment and intervention approaches with at-risk adolescents. Researchers should determine whether trauma-focused interventions sufficiently ameliorate other psychopathology among victimized adolescents or if additional interventions components are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Cromer
- Florida International University, Center for Children and Families, Main Office DM 256, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States; Florida International University, United States.
| | - Miguel T Villodas
- Florida International University, Center for Children and Families, Main Office DM 256, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States; Florida International University, United States.
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Aebi M, Kuhn C, Banaschewski T, Grimmer Y, Poustka L, Steinhausen HC, Goodman R. The contribution of parent and youth information to identify mental health disorders or problems in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:23. [PMID: 28465720 PMCID: PMC5408828 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrepancies between multiple informants often create considerable uncertainties in delivering services to youth. The present study assessed the ability of the parent and youth scales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to predict mental health problems/disorders across several mental health domains as validated against two contrasting indices of validity for psychopathology derived from the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA): (1) an empirically derived computer algorithm and (2) expert based ICD-10 diagnoses. METHODS Ordinal and logistic regressions were used to predict any problems/disorders, emotional problems/disorders and behavioural problems/disorders in a community sample (n = 252) and in a clinic sample (n = 95). RESULTS The findings were strikingly similar in both samples. Parent and youth SDQ scales were related to any problem/disorder. Youth SDQ symptom and impact had the strongest association with emotional problems/disorder and parent SDQ symptom score were most strongly related to behavioural problems/disorders. Both the SDQ total and the impact scores significantly predicted emotional problems/disorders in males whereas this was the case only for the total SDQ score in females. CONCLUSION The present study confirms and expands previous findings on parent and youth informant validity. Clinicians should include both parent and youth for identifying any mental health problems/disorders, youth information for detecting emotional problems/disorders, and parent information to detect behavioural problems/disorders. Not only symptom scores but also impact measures may be useful to detect emotional problems/disorders, particularly in male youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Aebi
- 0000 0004 0478 9977grid.412004.3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 0478 9977grid.412004.3Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Neptunstrasse 60, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Kuhn
- 0000 0004 0478 9977grid.412004.3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- 0000 0001 2364 4210grid.7450.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
- 0000 0004 0478 9977grid.412004.3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Goodman
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King’s College London Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, London, UK
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Kuhn C, Aebi M, Jakobsen H, Banaschewski T, Poustka L, Grimmer Y, Goodman R, Steinhausen HC. Effective Mental Health Screening in Adolescents: Should We Collect Data from Youth, Parents or Both? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:385-92. [PMID: 27363421 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Youth- and parent-rated screening measures derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were compared on their psychometric properties as predictors of caseness in adolescence (mean age 14). Successful screening was judged firstly against the likelihood of having an ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis and secondly by the ability to discriminate between community (N = 252) and clinical (N = 86) samples (sample status). Both, SDQ and DAWBA measures adequately predicted the presence of an ICD-10 disorder as well as sample status. The hypothesis that there was an informant gradient was confirmed: youth self-reports were less discriminating than parent reports, whereas combined parent and youth reports were more discriminating-a finding replicated across a diversity of measures. When practical constraints only permit screening for caseness using either a parent or an adolescent informant, parents are the better source of information.
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Flouri E, Hickey J, Mavroveli S, Hurry J. Adversity, Emotional Arousal, and Problem Behaviour in Adolescence: The Role of Non-Verbal Cognitive Ability as a Resilience Promoting Factor. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2011; 16:22-29. [PMID: 32847222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test whether emotional arousal mediates the moderator effect of non-verbal cognitive ability on the association between cumulative contextual risk (number of proximal and distal adverse life events) and adolescent problem behaviour. METHOD Data from a UK community sample of secondary school aged children were used. The study sample comprised 207 children with a mean age of 13.44 years (SD = 1.45). Problem behaviour was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, non-verbal cognitive ability was assessed with Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices Plus, and emotional arousal was measured with the Acting Out Emotions Scale of the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire. Adjustment was made for gender, age, family structure, and socio-economic disadvantage. RESULTS Non-verbal cognitive ability moderated the effect of cumulative contextual risk on overall problem behaviour, and emotional arousal mediated this moderator effect. That is, risk predicted emotional arousal, which predicted overall problem behaviour, but emotional arousal was more strongly related to overall problem behaviour among children of low non-verbal cognitive ability than among children of high non-verbal cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS These findings are important for both theory development and intervention design. They advance theory because they suggest that non-verbal cognitive ability buffers the effect of risk on overall problem behaviour by strengthening control over emotions. They have implications for intervention design because they suggest that interventions carried out to enhance children's emotion regulation skills in the presence of multiple adversity might be more effective if they target children who score low on non-verbal cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK. E-mail:
| | - Joseph Hickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK. E-mail:
| | - Stella Mavroveli
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK. E-mail:
| | - Jane Hurry
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK. E-mail:
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