1
|
Guo H, Guo T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Shangguan W, Liao Y. Improving benzene catalytic oxidation on Ag/Co 3O 4 by regulating the chemical states of Co and Ag. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 143:201-212. [PMID: 38644017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Silver (9 wt.%) was loaded on Co3O4-nanofiber using reduction and impregnation methods, respectively. Due to the stronger electronegativity of silver, the ratios of surface Co3+/Co2+ on Ag/Co3O4 were higher than on Co3O4, which further led to more adsorbed oxygen species as a result of the charge compensation. Moreover, the introducing of silver also obviously improved the reducibility of Co3O4. Hence the Ag/Co3O4 showed better catalytic performance than Co3O4 in benzene oxidation. Compared with the Ag/Co3O4 synthesized via impregnation method, the one prepared using reduction method (named as AgCo-R) exhibited higher contents of surface Co3+ and adsorbed oxygen species, stronger reducibility, as well as more active surface lattice oxygen species. Consequently, AgCo-R showed lowest T90 value of 183°C, admirable catalytic stability, largest normalized reaction rate of 1.36 × 10-4 mol/(h·m2) (150°C), and lowest apparent activation energy (Ea) of 63.2 kJ/mol. The analyzing of in-situ DRIFTS indicated benzene molecules were successively oxidized to phenol, o-benzoquinone, small molecular intermediates, and finally to CO2 and water on the surface of AgCo-R. At last, potential reaction pathways including five detailed steps were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Tao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Mengqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830017, China.
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinnian Liao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Guangdong 519041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Wang X, Jia Z, Yang C, Liu Z, Wei Y, Wang M, Liang M. Weakened Mn-O bond in Mn-Ce catalysts through K doping induced oxygen activation for boosting benzene oxidation at low temperatures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:88-100. [PMID: 38583213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
K-doped Mn-Ce solid solution catalysts were synthesized using a combination of coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods, demonstrating excellent performance in benzene oxidation. The catalyst K1Ce5Mn5 exhibited comparable activity to noble metal catalysts, achieving a 90 % benzene conversion at approximately 194 ℃. Durable tests under dry and moist conditions revealed that the catalyst could maintain its activity for 50 h at 218 ℃ and 236 ℃, respectively. Characterization results indicated that the catalyst's enhanced activity resulted from the weakened Mn-O bonding caused by the introduction of K+, facilitating the activation of oxygen and its involvement in the reaction. CeOx, the main crystalline phase of Mn-Ce solid solutions, provided abundant oxygen vacancies for capturing and activating oxygen molecules for the weakened Mn-O structures. This conclusion was further supported by partial density of state analysis from density functional theory computations, revealing that the introduction of K+ weakened the orbital hybridization of Mn3d and O2p. Finally, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) studies on Ce5Mn5 and K1Ce5Mn5 catalysts suggested that the introduction of K+ promoted the conversion of adsorbed benzene. Furthermore, intermediate products were transformed more rapidly for K1Ce5Mn5 compared to Ce5Mn5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Jinzhong 030600, China; Shanxi Institute of Eco-Environmental Planning and Technology, Taiyuan 030009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Ziliang Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Yuexing Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Meisheng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Jinzhong 030600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu W, Guo T, Ma K, Li X, Luo W, Wu M, Guo H, Zhang Y, Shangguan W. Promoted catalytic performance of Ag-Mn bimetal catalysts synthesized through reduction route. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:358-369. [PMID: 37980022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
VOCs can exert great harm to both human and environment, and catalytic oxidation is believed to be an effective technique to eliminate these pollutants. In this paper, Ag-Mn bimetal catalysts with 10 wt.% of silver were synthesized using doping, impregnation, and reduction methods respectively, and then they were applied to the catalytic oxidation of benzene. Through series of characterizations it showed that the loading of silver using reduction method significantly resulted in improved physico-chemical properties of manganese oxides, such as larger surface area and pore volume, higher proportion of surface Mn3+ and Mn4+, stronger reducibility and more active of surface oxygen species, which were all beneficial to its catalytic activity. As a result, the Ag-Mn catalysts synthesized by reduction method showed a lower T90 value (equals to the temperature at which 90% of initial benzene was removed) of 203°C. Besides, both the used and fresh Ag-Mn catalysts synthesized by reduction method showed preferable stability in this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China
| | - Tao Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China
| | - Kaiyao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China
| | - Wangting Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China
| | - Mingzhi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China; Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi 830017, China.
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun X, Yang S, Liu X, Qiao Y, Liu Z, Li X, Pan J, Liu H, Wang L. The enhancement of benzene total oxidation over Ru xCeO 2 catalysts at low temperature: The significance of Ru incorporation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:165574. [PMID: 37474046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation is considered to be the most efficient technology for eliminating benzene from waste gas. The challenge is the reduction of the catalytic reaction temperature for the deep oxidation of benzene. Here, highly efficient RuxCeO2 catalysts were utilized to turn the number of surface oxygen vacancies and Ce-O-Ru bonds via a one-step hydrothermal method, resulting in a preferable low-temperature reducibility for the total oxidation of benzene. The T50 of the Ru0.2CeO2 catalyst for benzene oxidation was 135 °C, which was better than that of pristine CeO2 (239 °C) and 0.2Ru/CeO2 (190 °C). The superior performance of Ru0.2CeO2 was attributed to its large surface area (approximately 114.23 m2·g-1), abundant surface oxygen vacancies, and Ce-O-Ru bonds. The incorporation of Ru into the CeO2 lattice could effectively facilitate the destruction of the CeO bond and the facile release of lattice oxygen, inducing the generation of surface oxygen vacancies. Meanwhile, the bridging action of Ce-O-Ru bonds accelerated electron transfer and lattice oxygen transportation, which had a synergistic effect with surface oxygen vacancies to reduce the reaction temperature. The Ru0.2CeO2 catalyst also exhibited high catalytic stability, water tolerance, and impact resistance in terms of benzene abatement. Using in situ infrared spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that the Ru0.2CeO2 catalyst can effectively enhance the accumulation of maleate species, which are key intermediates for benzene ring opening, thereby enhancing the deep oxidation of benzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yarui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhilou Liu
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, JiangXi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quan F, Wu B, Guo Y, Zhang X, Shen W, Jia F, Liu X, Ai Z, Zhang L. Electrochemical removal of gaseous benzene using a flow-through reactor with efficient and ultra-stable titanium suboxide/titanium-foam anode at ambient temperature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:533-541. [PMID: 37163799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation technology is currently considered as a feasible approach to degrade and mineralize volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, it is still challenging to realize efficient removal of VOCs through catalytic oxidation at room temperature. In our study, a novel flow-through electrocatalytic reactor was designed, composed of porous solid-electrolyte, gas-permeable titanium sub-oxides/titanium-foam (TiSO/Ti-foam) as anode and platinum coated titanium foam (Pt/Ti-foam) as cathode. This device could oxidize nearly 100% of benzene (10 ppm) to carbon dioxide at a current density of 1.2 mA/cm2 under room temperature. More importantly, the device maintained excellent stability over 1000 h. Mechanism of benzene mineralization was discussed. Hydroxyl radicals generated on the TiSO/Ti-foam anode played a crucial role in the oxidation of benzene. This study provides a promising prototype of the electrochemical air purifier, and may find its application in domestic and industrial air pollution control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Quan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Guo
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Falong Jia
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Zhihui Ai
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding S, Zhu C, Hojo H, Einaga H. Enhanced catalytic performance of spinel-type Cu-Mn oxides for benzene oxidation under microwave irradiation. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127523. [PMID: 34736176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of benzene was investigated over Cu-Mn spinel oxides. The spinel oxides were synthesized by a coprecipitation method from metal nitrate hydrolysis in a solution using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as a precipitation reagent. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and H2-temperature-programmed reduction studies. Microwave absorption by the Cu-Mn spinel oxide is mainly driven by dielectric losses (dielectric heating). Cu-Mn spinel oxide with a Cu/Mn ratio of 1 exhibited superior activity to single oxides under microwave heating, demonstrating lower apparent activation energy than that obtained under conventional heating. Microwave irradiation lowered the reaction temperature required for benzene oxidation compared with conventional heating. Transient tests were used to investigate the reactivity of oxygen species in the catalytic reaction, and the high reactivity of Cu-Mn spinel oxides was related to the high reactivity of lattice oxygen on the catalyst surface. The reactivity of the oxygen species was enhanced under microwave heating, leading to an enhanced benzene oxidation reaction. The combination of adsorption and catalytic oxidation processes using Cu-Mn spinel oxides and zeolites efficiently decomposed benzene at low concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ding
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hajime Hojo
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Einaga
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Q, Li Q, Li L, Peng Y, Wang D, Ma Y, Li J. Synthesis of α-MnO 2-like rod catalyst using YMn 2O 5 A-site sacrificial strategy for efficient benzene oxidation. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:123811. [PMID: 33264910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of benzene, a typical volatile organic pollutant, is one of the most challenging topics for environmental scientists. Catalytic oxidation technology is considered the most efficient approach for its elimination. Herein, we report the successful preparation of a novel α-MnO2-like rod catalyst via an acid etching route and propose YMn2O5 mullite as a novel precursor. The optimized α-MnO2-like rod catalyst showed significantly improved benzene oxidation activity compared to the raw YMn2O5 and commercial MnO2 catalysts, resulting in 100 % benzene conversion at 200 °C at a GHSV of 60,000 mL g-1 h-1. Notably, the α-MnO2-like rod catalyst performance at lower temperatures (100-175 ℃) exceeded that of a commercial Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. The excellent catalytic performance of the α-MnO2-like rod catalyst is associated with its low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface-active oxygen species. During the acid etching process, more Mn3+ is oxidized to Mn4+, and more surface oxygen vacancies are generated on the α-MnO2-like rod catalyst, which provides more adsorption sites for oxygen molecules to promote the benzene oxidation reaction. The α-MnO2-like rod catalyst should be a great alternative to commercial noble metal catalysts for the elimination of volatile organic pollutants, especially at lower temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Peng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yongliang Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo H, Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Chen M, Einaga H, Shangguan W. Catalytic activity of porous manganese oxides for benzene oxidation improved via citric acid solution combustion synthesis. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 98:196-204. [PMID: 33097152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various manganese oxides (MnOx) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnOx, e.g., BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1 (C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T90 (the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn2O3 with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn4+/Mn3+, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules (such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO2 and H2O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hisahiro Einaga
- Department of Energy and Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|