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Hareem M, Danish S, Pervez M, Irshad U, Fahad S, Dawar K, Alharbi SA, Ansari MJ, Datta R. Optimizing chili production in drought stress: combining Zn-quantum dot biochar and proline for improved growth and yield. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6627. [PMID: 38503869 PMCID: PMC10951368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction in crop productivity due to drought stress, is a major concern in agriculture. Drought stress usually disrupts photosynthesis by triggering oxidative stress and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of zinc-quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and proline (Pro) can be effective techniques to overcome this issue. Biochar has the potential to improve the water use efficiency while proline can play an imperative role in minimization of adverse impacts of ROS Proline, functioning as an osmotic protector, efficiently mitigates the adverse effects of heavy metals on plants by maintaining cellular structure, scavenging free radicals, and ensuring the stability of cellular integrity. That's why current study explored the impact of ZQDB and proline on chili growth under drought stress. Four treatments, i.e., control, 0.4%ZQDB, 0.1 mM Pro, and 0.4%ZQDB + Pro, were applied in 4 replications following the complete randomized design. Results exhibited that 0.4%ZQDB + Pro caused an increases in chili plant dry weight (29.28%), plant height (28.12%), fruit length (29.20%), fruit girth (59.81%), and fruit yield (55.78%) over control under drought stress. A significant increment in chlorophyll a (18.97%), chlorophyll b (49.02%), and total chlorophyll (26.67%), compared to control under drought stress, confirmed the effectiveness of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro. Furthermore, improvement in leaves N, P, and K concentration over control validated the efficacy of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro against drought stress. In conclusion, 0.4%ZQDB + Pro can mitigate drought stress in chili. More investigations are suggested to declare 0.4%ZQDB + Pro as promising amendment for mitigation of drought stress in other crops as well under changing climatic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Hareem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Woman University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mahnoor Pervez
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hashim A, Rafii M, Yusuff O, Harun AR, Juraimi S, Misran A, Chukwu SC, Arolu F, Kadar AI. Genetic consequences of chronic gamma irradiation on agro morphological traits in chili under hydrogel enhance media. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25111. [PMID: 38370252 PMCID: PMC10867307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced mutation for the creation of desirable traits through chronic gamma irradiation provides an opportunity for the selection and development of new chili varieties. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different doses of chronic gamma irradiation on morpho-physiological traits in chili. Ten plants from each variety were exposed to different doses of chronic gamma irradiation for 277.02 h at three weeks after germination under gamma greenhouse facilities, with accumulative dose; 185.61Gy, 83.11Gy, 47.096Gy, 30.474Gy, 19.4Gy, 13.9Gy, 11.1Gy, 8.31Gy, 5.54Gy) and 2.77Gy respectively. Highly significant differences were observed among doses (Rings) of chronic gamma irradiation expressed in mean values for all investigated traits. Relatively moderate doses of chronic gamma irradiation represented by doses 47.096 Gy (Ring 4) and 19.40 Gy (Ring 6) resulted in significant stimulation for most of the studied characters. The highest heritability was recorded in days to flowering at 99.88 while the lowest was observed in fruit dry weight at 34.66 %. High genetic advance were recorded for most of the quantitative traits studied. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation was observed between total fruit per plant, total number of fruit per plant, plant height, fruit fresh weight, number of secondary branches, chlorophyll a, fruit dry weight, total chlorophyll content, stem diameter, fruit length and fruit girth. With increasing chronic gamma dose, mutagenic efficiency and efficacy generally increased. Induced variety of desirable features will considerably increase the chilli's amelioration through mutation breeding, leading to the development of improved varieties. The results of this research offer valuable information for the use of chronic gamma radiation in the mutations breeding of Capsicum annuum L., which will be advantageous for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hashim
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti of Khartoum), 43400, Khartoum North, Sambat, Sudan
| | - M.Y. Rafii
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Oladosu Yusuff
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahim Harun
- Agrotechnology and Bioscience Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Misran
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samuel Chibuike Chukwu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatai Arolu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asma Ilyani Kadar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Parihar TJ, Rasool RS, Khursheed S, Bhat ZA, Malik AA, Khaliq A, Bhat MA, Masoodi KZ. Fusarium flocciferum, causing wilt disease of chili ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Northern Himalayas: A first report. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 38105451 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1730-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In August 2020 chili (Capsicum annuum L.) showing wilt symptoms were collected from different districts of the Kashmir: Pulwama, Srinagar, Baramulla, and Anantnag. From each district one location was selected for sample collection and a total of 23 chili isolates were isolated. The tissue bit technique was used to isolate fungus from the infected samples on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, purified using the single spore technique, maintained at 25⁰±1℃ and then stored at 4° C (Ferniah et al. 2014) . Initially cultural characteristics appeared as white colonies which gradually turned to pale white colored and attained a growth of 90 mm in 18 days of incubation at 25 ± 1°C. Microscopic observations revealed that mycelium was branched and cylindrical, 3.53-4.98 µm in width. Microconidia were ellipsoidal, hyaline, 0-1 septa werepresent, and 6-7 x 3-4 µm in size. Macroconidia were cylindrical, hyaline, 2-6 septa, measuring 20-60 x 40-45 µm in size. Molecular identification of the pathogens with ITS, TEF, and RPB2 was successfully carried out and the fungi was confirmed as Fusarium flocciferum infecting chili. Amplified PCR products were sequenced and were successfully submitted and accessioned in GenBank with accession number OM189458, OM441199, OR484037 for ITS, TEF, and RPB2 gene. To confirm Koch's postulates pathogenicity test was carried out using rhizosphere inoculation technique (Najar et al. 2011, Parihar et al. 2022). In total 7 replications for sand maize meal medium (potting mixture) was prepared by autoclaving 90 g of sand and 10 g of maize meal in 250 ml of erlenmeyer flask comprising 40 ml of distilled water. The spore suspension at 100 µl per pot was inoculated and was mixed with the sterilized potting mixture in a ratio of (2:1) and up to seven days pathogen was allowed to infect the soil (Davey and Papavizas 1962; Hami et al. 2021). Then chili seeds (cv. Kashmir long-1) were sown in infected potting mixture and grown for three weeks to allow the pathogen to infect the host plants. F. flocciferum took six weeks for appearance of symptoms in the infected potted plants. Control mock inoculation of the potting mixture was carried out using water droplets instead of spore suspension at 100 µl per pot. Seven replications were kept for both inoculated and un-inoculated / control mock pots. The plants developed initial symptoms from light green to yellowish discoloration of leaves followed by the drooping, shriveling, and ultimately leading to death. The collar region of the plant was cut vertically and observed that vascular bundles showed brownish spots and discoloration, indicating wilt as the cause of death. The pathogens were re-isolated and inoculated from all infected plants, then compared with their original pure culture inoculated first, which completely resembled based on morphological, cultural, and pathogenic characteristics. No symptoms were observed on control plants. A phylogenetic analysis was also carried out using ClustalW software that grouped the species identified by different genes into different clades. F. flocciferum has been reported earlier in pea, faba bean and bamboo (Kainthola et al. 2022; Šišić et al. 2020) . In solanaceous crops, this species have been explored as wilt pathogens for the first time from India, indicating diversifying nature of Fusarium flocciferum across various hosts including solanaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasmeen J Parihar
- SKUAST Kashmir, 29073, Plant Biotechnology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Rovidha S Rasool
- SKUAST Kashmir, 29073, Plant pathology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sehla Khursheed
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, 29073, Plant Pathology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Bhat
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir, 29073, Plant Pathology, Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar Srinagar Kashmir-190025, Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu And Kashmir, India, 190025;
| | | | - Abid Khaliq
- SKUAST Kashmir, 29073, Sericulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - M Ashraf Bhat
- SKUAST Kashmir, 29073, Plant biotechnology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- SKUAST Kashmir, 29073, Biotechnology, Shalimar Srinagar, Srinagar, India, 191121;
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Subedi P, Bhattarai P, Lamichhane B, Khanal A, Shrestha J. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and charcoal on growth and yield traits of chili ( Capsicum annuum L.). Heliyon 2023; 9:e13353. [PMID: 36816260 PMCID: PMC9932747 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen and carbon sources are important for the growth and yield of chili. A combination of nitrogen and charcoal shows the potential to increase the availability of nutrients and stimulate plant performance. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of nitrogen and charcoal on the growth and yield of chili. A pot experiment was carried out at Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal from 2019 to 2020. The experiment was carried out using two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications. Twelve treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1) and four levels of charcoal (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% by soil weight) were used in the experiment. Nitrogen and charcoal showed a significant effect on different growth and yield parameters. Nitrogen application at the rate of 100 kg N ha-1 showed significantly the maximum number of primary branches (8.25), plant height (52.62 cm), leaf area (54.33 cm2), number of fruits per plant (42.95), fruit length (6.97 cm), yield per pot (97.14 g) and root length (29.87 cm). The application of 2.5% charcoal by soil weight showed a significant effect on plant height (53.60 cm), fruit length (7.12 cm) and yield per pot (77.55 g), while the application of 5% charcoal by soil weight produced the maximum number of fruits per plant (31.93). The combined level of nitrogen @ 100 kg N ha-1 and charcoal @ 2.5% by soil weight produced the yield per plot (127.1 g). This study suggests that chili production can be maximized by applying such a combined level of nitrogen and charcoal in the Lamjung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Subedi
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Prayusha Bhattarai
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal
| | - Babita Lamichhane
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal
| | - Amit Khanal
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal
| | - Jiban Shrestha
- Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Plant Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Bijali J, Halder T, Acharya K. Elucidation of the biochemical and molecular basis of the differential disease expression in two cultivars of chili ( Capsicum annuum) in response to Colletotrichum capsici infection. Acta Physiol Plant 2021; 43:155. [PMID: 34776557 PMCID: PMC8578917 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-021-03334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chili plants are affected by the hemibiotrophic ascomycota fungus Colletotrichum capsici causing Anthracnose. Infection results in yield and marketability loss due to a decrease in the quality of fruits. The study of morphological symptom development in two cultivars, Bullet, and Beldanga, showed very different disease expression pattern. To understand the reasons behind such differential response, we investigated, in a time-dependent manner, biochemical activities of important defense enzymes, PR proteins, like peroxidase, polyphenol-oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-glucanase, chitinase, catalase, as well as phenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll and the key signaling molecule nitric oxide in their leaves. We further performed real-time nitric oxide (NO) detection studies. The results showed striking differences in the activity profile of these defense molecules through the course of the study. We monitored the gene expression levels of 12 important defense-related genes under in vivo condition. The transcription levels were mostly increased in the tolerant cultivar till 7 days post-infection (DPI), while downregulation of some of the genes were observed in the susceptible one. These data indicated that disease manifestation is a simulated response of these defense molecules which can nullify the effect of the pathogen and its products, when resistance occurs. Alternatively, the pathogen suppresses the host defense when the disease develops. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11738-021-03334-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bijali
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Tanmoy Halder
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
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Payet É, Mokeddem L. [In Chile, the family at the heart of prevention and health promotion]. Rev Infirm 2021; 70:34-36. [PMID: 34565535 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During a five-week placement in southern Chile, a nursing student learned about community health interventions. This immersion in the local, mainly Indian, population led her to discover the importance of family dynamics as a resource for supporting the patient in his or her care, as well as the tools supporting this approach. Remote feedback and perspective on her current practice as a neonatal nurse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émeline Payet
- Service de néonatologie, hôpital André-Grégoire, 56 boulevard de la Boissière, 93100 Montreuil, France.
| | - Leila Mokeddem
- Institut de formation interhospitalier Théodore-Simon, 19 avenue de Maison-Blanche, 93330 Neuilly-sur-Marne, France
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Valdés M, Alonso F, Pino P, Nazzal C. Emergency visits and mortality caused by ischemic heart disease attributable to fine particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:247-254. [PMID: 34393032 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
POSITION DU PROBLèME: Le confinement mis en place au deuxième trimestre 2020 a entrainé une amélioration de la qualité de l'air de Santiago, capitale et plus grande ville du Chili, caractérisée par de fortes concentrations en particules fines PM2,5 liées, en grande partie, au trafic routier. L'objectif était de mettre en évidence une potentielle réduction des visites aux urgences pour infarctus du myocarde aigu (IDM) et des décès dus à une cardiopathie ischémique (CPI) attribuable à l'émission de PM2,5, en comparant les périodes équivalentes de 2019 et de 2020. MéTHODES: À Santiago, la surveillance de la qualité de l'air se fait grâce à neuf moniteurs situés dans neuf communes différentes : Cerro Navia, Cerrillos, El Bosque, Pudahuel, Independencia, La Florida, Quilicura, Santiago centre-ville et Las Condes (classées de la plus haute à la plus basse en matière de pauvreté multidimensionnelle). La concentration moyenne quotidienne de PM2,5 a été décrite avec des séries temporelles, et les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès dus à une CPI ont été analysés de façon trimestrielle pour chaque année. Pour estimer l'impact de l'excès de PM2,5, les fractions de risque attribuables (FRA) pour les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès pour CPI ont été calculées. RéSULTATS: La moyenne quotidienne des PM2,5 a diminué dans huit des neuf communes de Santiago. Cependant, la réduction n'a été significative que dans trois communes. Les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès par CPI attribuables aux PM2,5 ont diminué légèrement mais significativement dans ces trois communes. Les FRA dans les autres communes sont restées similaires à 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Une réduction significative de la FRA des PM2,5 pour les décès par CPI et les visites aux urgences d'IDM n'a été observée que dans les communes avec une réduction significative de la concentration quotidienne moyenne de PM2,5 pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valdés
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
| | - F Alonso
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
| | - P Pino
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
| | - C Nazzal
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
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Srivastava A, Chabra A, Singh GP, Srivastava PC. Efficacy of Different Decontamination Processes in Mitigation of Pesticide Residues from Chili Crop. J Food Prot 2021; 84:767-771. [PMID: 33290555 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of seven decontamination processes in reducing the pesticide mixture load of six insecticides (quinalphos, profenophos, ethion, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid) from chili (Capsicum annuum L.). In the control treatment, the pesticide residues were extracted without following any decontamination procedure. The extraction of the insecticides from chili was initiated after 48 h of pesticide mixture spray and was done using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method. The quantitative analysis of four insecticides, namely quinalphos, profenophos, ethion, and lambda-cyhalothrin, was done by coupled gas chromatography-electron capture detection and that of imidacloprid and acetamiprid by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. The results depicted reduction of pesticide residues in all the decontamination treatments compared with the control, although it varied for different insecticides. Solutions of 1 and 5% NaCl and 5% CH3COOH served as efficient decontaminants in removal of quinalphos, profenophos, ethion, and lambda-cyhalothrin residues from chili to ca. 90%, whereas for imidacloprid and acetamiprid there was a mild decontamination only (33.33 to 52.44%). The solutions of 5% NaHCO3 and 0.01% KMnO4 were effective only in removing lambda-cyhalothrin residues from the chili crop, but for all other pesticides the decontamination was not much pronounced. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aanchal Chabra
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145 Uttarakhand, India
| | - G P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145 Uttarakhand, India
| | - P C Srivastava
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145 Uttarakhand, India
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El-Salhy M, Patcharatrakul T, Gonlachanvit S. The role of diet in the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:111-119. [PMID: 33666892 PMCID: PMC8187226 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that reportedly affects 5% to 20% of the world population. The etiology of IBS is not completely understood, but diet appears to play an important role in its pathophysiology. Asian diets differ considerably from those in Western countries, which might explain differences in the prevalence, sex, and clinical presentation seen between patients with IBS in Asian and Western countries. Dietary regimes such as a low-fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet and the modified National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) diet improve both symptoms and the quality of life in a considerable proportion of IBS patients. It has been speculated that diet is a prebiotic for the intestinal microbiota and favors the growth of certain bacteria. These bacteria ferment the dietary components, and the products of fermentation act upon intestinal stem cells to influence their differentiation into enteroendocrine cells. The resulting low density of enteroendocrine cells accompanied by low levels of certain hormones gives rise to intestinal dysmotility, visceral hypersensitivity, and abnormal secretion. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that changing to a low-FODMAP diet restores the density of GI cells to the levels in healthy subjects. These changes in gut endocrine cells caused by low-FODMAP diet are also accompanied by improvements in symptoms and the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Helse-Fonna Hospital, Stord, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tanisa Patcharatrakul
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence on Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutep Gonlachanvit
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Center of Excellence on Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Getahun E, Gabbiye N, Delele MA, Fanta SW, Gebrehiwot MG, Vanierschot M. Effect of maturity on the moisture sorption isotherm of chili pepper ( M a reko Fana variety). Heliyon 2020; 6:e04608. [PMID: 32793831 PMCID: PMC7408329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The moisture sorption isotherm at three maturity levels of the Mareko Fana chili pepper variety (red, brown and green) has been studied in this paper. The sorption isotherm was determined based on the standard static gravimetric method using a glycerol-water mixture in a relative humidity range of 10–92% at three temperature levels and nonlinear regression analysis was used to select suitable sorption models. The Clasius - Clapeyron equation was implemented to determine the isosteric heat of sorption of the chili pepper using the experimental equilibrium moisture content at different sorption temperature levels. The results showed that the GAB model was well fitted for green chili pepper, while the OSWIN model described well the brown and red chili variant. There was a difference in net isosteric heat between the adsorption and desorption isotherm of chili pepper maturity. For green chili, the maximum value of the net isosteric heat was 18 kJ mol−1 and 20 kJ mol−1 for adsorption and desorption isotherms, respectively and it decreased exponentially as moisture content increased. The desorption heat was higher than the adsorption heat for each maturity of chili pepper which indicated the existence of hysteresis in the sorption process. In comparison to literature data reported for different chili varieties, Mareko Fana has a lower heat of sorption and monolayer moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Getahun
- Bahir Dar Energy Center, Bahir Dar Technology Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
- KU Leuven, Mechanical Engineering Technology Cluster TC, Group T Leuven Campus, A. Vesaliusstraat 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Technology Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Nigus Gabbiye
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Technology Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta A. Delele
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Technology Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Solomon W. Fanta
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Technology Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Gebreslasie Gebrehiwot
- KU Leuven, Mechanical Engineering Technology Cluster TC, Group T Leuven Campus, A. Vesaliusstraat 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanierschot
- KU Leuven, Mechanical Engineering Technology Cluster TC, Group T Leuven Campus, A. Vesaliusstraat 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Yang N, Galves C, Racioni Goncalves AC, Chen J, Fisk I. Impact of capsaicin on aroma release: in vitro and in vivo analysis. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109197. [PMID: 32466935 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin is the main bioactive compound in chili pepper that leads to the perception of "spiciness". However, the effect of capsaicin on aroma release in the nose remains unexplained. This is the first study designed to measure capsaicin's impact on aroma release during consumption. In vitro studies, using static headspace analysis by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), showed no impact of capsaicin (5 ppm) on the gas-liquid partitioning equilibria of a range of aroma compounds. However, a significant reduction in aroma release was observed in vivo, during oral melting of a model ice cube system (p < 0.05) included 5 ppm capsaicin. The total release of aroma into the nasal cavity was decreased, such that only 49% of 3-methylbutanal, 60% of 1-octen-3-ol and 83% of linalool was released. This is the first evidence of capsaicin's reduction effect on aroma release during consumption. It was also found that 5 ppm capsaicin increased saliva secretion by 75%, which may have led to the dilution of aroma compounds in the mouth and directly impacted the aroma release into the nasal cavity. The most hydrophilic compound (3-methylbutanal) was affected by capsaicin to a greater extent than the hydrophobic compound (linalool), the solvent effect of the additional saliva may explain this.
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12
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Abstract
Chile faced a severe aquatic animal health crisis in 2007 that affected the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after an outbreak of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). The outbreak had a considerable national economic impact. The response was led by the Competent Authority, the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (Sernapesca), which immediately implemented surveillance and control actions to mitigate the crisis. At the end of the initial response, the Competent Authority, together with the industry, set out a roadmap to return to sustainable salmon production. The success of the response was due to early detection and the implementation of biosecurity and control measures at all stages of production and control. These measures underpin the sanitary management model for aquaculture. The Chilean Veterinary Service has analysed critical health measures for salmon production and concluded that there has been an improvement in fish health, as evidenced by decreased mortalities, reduced use of antimicrobials, and improved management and control of prevalent diseases, such as salmon rickettsial syndrome (piscirickettsiosis), caligidosis and ISA. Improvements in health have contributed to increased harvests over time, with the largest monthly harvest for Atlantic salmon being achieved in January-February 2018, with 120,000 tonnes. The ISA crisis provided salutary lessons for the continued recovery and sustainability of Chile's salmon sector. The crisis highlighted the importance of strengthened Veterinary Services and public-private links, as well as a collaborative relationship with research entities and training centres. It was also important to enact new regulations to ensure recovery and sustainability. Fundamentally, the response to this crisis was based upon having good baseline surveillance already in place, supported by a Veterinary Service trained to manage emergency disease outbreaks.
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13
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Muangkote S, Vichitsoonthonkul T, Srilaong V, Wongs-Aree C, Photchanachai S. Influence of roasting on chemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of dried chili. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:303-310. [PMID: 30956841 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Roasted dried chili, used to improve texture and taste, is important for various cuisines. The effect of roasting at 90 °C for 25 min on the chemical profile and bioactivities of dried chili extracted by petroleum ether was investigated. Based on GC-MS analysis, the crude extracts of roasted dried chili exhibited different chemical profile compared to the control. Roasting of dried chili significantly increased total phenolic compounds. Consequently, the antioxidant activity indicated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) significantly improved. Conversely, a reduction in the antibacterial agents, capsaicin (32.36%) and dihydrocapsaicin (9.11%), in the roasted sample resulted to a decline in antibacterial activity. The extracts showed a strong activity against Bacillus cereus followed by B. subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli based on the results of agar disk diffusion, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and electron scanning microscopy observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunida Muangkote
- 1School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand.,Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Taweerat Vichitsoonthonkul
- 1School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Varit Srilaong
- 1School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand.,Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Chalermchai Wongs-Aree
- 1School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand.,Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Songsin Photchanachai
- 1School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand.,Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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14
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Sindhu R, Binod P, Mathew AK, Abraham A, Pandey A, Gnansounou E, Castro GE. An effective surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production from chili post-harvest residue by separate hydrolysis and fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:565-71. [PMID: 29349548 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants play major role in the delignification of lignocellulosic biomass. Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment was evaluated for chili post-harvest residue. Maximum reducing sugar yield of 0.445 g per g of dry biomass (g/g) was obtained when surfactant PEG 6000 was used. Compositional analysis revealed an efficient removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from the pretreated biomass. Fermentation inhibitors such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and organic acids were absent in the hydrolyzate. After pretreatment, the biomass can be directly hydrolyzed without any neutralization, washing and drying, and the hydrolyzate is devoid of major fermentation inhibitors. Fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded 1.84% of ethanol with a fermentation efficiency of 63.88%.
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15
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Jeeatid N, Techawongstien S, Suriharn B, Chanthai S, Bosland PW, Techawongstien S. Influence of water stresses on capsaicinoid production in hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) cultivars with different pungency levels. Food Chem 2017; 245:792-797. [PMID: 29287443 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although water stress reduces fruit yield, it also increases capsaicinoid accumulation in hot pepper. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different water regimes on capsaicinoid production in Capsicum chinense Jacq. having different pungency levels. Four hot pepper (C. chinense) cultivars were planted with four water regimes after anthesis: daily irrigation (control; S1), every 2 days (S2), every 3 days (S3) and every 4 days (S4). The results found that Akanee Pirote with the S2 treatment gave the highest capsaicinoid yield, and the increase of capsaicinoid yield was attributed from increasing the absolute capsaicinoid content and reducing the dry fruit yield as compared to the control. Capsaicinoid yield of Bhut Jolokia, Orange Habanero, and BGH1719 responded to the water stresses, but produced less capsaicinoid yield as compared to the control. This study reveals that appropriate water stress could increase capsaicinoid yield in some, but not all, hot pepper cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jeeatid
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - S Techawongstien
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - B Suriharn
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - S Chanthai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - P W Bosland
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, NM 88003, USA
| | - S Techawongstien
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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16
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Valdés M, Hanchey A, Muñoz MP, Baumert B, Iglesias V. Low-level arsenic exposure during pregnancy and its association with postpartum depression: A cohort study of women from Arica, Chile. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017; 65:427-435. [PMID: 29110958 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the relationship between inorganic arsenic exposure and psychological impairment has been studied previously, the association between low-level arsenic exposure during pregnancy and postpartum depression has not yet been examined. The objective is to estimate the association between low-level arsenic exposure during pregnancy and the Edinburgh score. METHODS A sample of 223 women was collected from five public health services in Arica, Chile. Participation was voluntary and written consent was mandatory. Sociodemographic data related to arsenic exposure and urine samples for total inorganic arsenic assessments were collected during the second trimester. Postpartum depression symptoms were estimated by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale. We examined descriptive statistics and ran multiple linear regressions. The modifying effect of age and depression history was evaluated separately. RESULTS The median for total urinary inorganic arsenic was 14.6μg/L (range: 2-69.2μg/L), the median for postpartum depression score was 8 points (range: 0-27 points) and 20.6% of women were considered as postpartum depressed. For women older than 25years old without depression history, the adjusted coefficient for the total urinary natural logarithm of inorganic arsenic in multiple linear regressions was -2.51 (95% CI: -4.54, -0.48; P-value=0.02). For women older than 25years old with a depression history, this value was 2.09 (95% CI: -0.90, 5.08; P-value=0.16). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, the number of children, physical perception, depression history, stressful maternity, and age were associated with postpartum depression score. The Edinburgh score was associated with inorganic arsenic in women older than 25years without depression history.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valdés
- Becaria CONICYT, Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Hanchey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 150, East Green Street, 30602 Athens, GA, USA
| | - M P Muñoz
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Baumert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 150, East Green Street, 30602 Athens, GA, USA
| | - V Iglesias
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Sindhu R, Binod P, Mathew AK, Abraham A, Gnansounou E, Ummalyma SB, Thomas L, Pandey A. Development of a novel ultrasound-assisted alkali pretreatment strategy for the production of bioethanol and xylanases from chili post harvest residue. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:146-151. [PMID: 28286012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel ultrasound-assisted alkali pretreatment strategy was developed which could effectively remove lignin and hemicelluloses and improve the sugar yield from chili post harvest residue. Operational parameters that affect the pretreatment efficiency were studied and optimized. Inhibitor analysis of the hydrolyzate revealed that major fermentation inhibitors like furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural as well as organic acids like citric acid, succinic acid and propionic acid were absent. Hence fermentation can be carried out without detoxification of the hydrolyzate. Changes in structural properties of the biomass were studied in relation to the pretreatment process using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the changes in chemical composition were also monitored. The biomass pretreated with the optimized novel method could yield 0.428g/g of reducing sugars upon enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolyzate obtained by this novel pretreatment strategy was found to be suitable for bioethanol and xylanase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kuruvilla Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Amith Abraham
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Institute of Urban and Regional Sciences, GC A3, Station 18, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Leya Thomas
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, C-127, II Floor, Phase 8, Industrial Area, SAS Nagar, Mohali 160 071, Punjab, India
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18
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Abstract
There is growing evidence for the role of several natural products as either useful agents or adjuncts in the management of functional GI disorders (FGIDs). In this review, we examine the medical evidence for three such compounds: chili, a culinary spice; curcumin, another spice and active derivative of a root bark; and prebiotics, which are nondigestible food products. Chili may affect the pathogenesis of abdominal pain especially in functional dyspepsia and cause other symptoms. It may have a therapeutic role in FGIDs through desensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric rhizome, has been shown in several preclinical studies and uncontrolled clinical trials as having effects on gut inflammation, gut permeability and the brain-gut axis, especially in FGIDs. Prebiotics, the non-digestible food ingredients in dietary fiber, may serve as nutrients and selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of certain colonic bacteria. The net effect of this change on colonic microbiota may lead to the production of acidic metabolites and other compounds that help to reduce the production of toxins and suppress the growth of harmful or disease-causing enteric pathogens. Although some clinical benefit in IBS has been shown, high dose intake of prebiotics may cause more bloating from bacterial fermentation.
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19
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Manda P, Adanou KM, Ardjouma D, Adepo AJB, Dano DS. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in spices commercialized in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Mycotoxin Res 2016; 32:137-43. [PMID: 27040819 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-016-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced mostly by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA is nephrotoxic in all animal species in which it has been tested and is cancerogenic in rodents. It is associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy. It is naturally present in many crop products such as cereals (barley, wheat, maize) and dried fruits, spices, coffee, wine, olives, and cocoa. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination of three Ivoirian spices with OTA (ginger, chili, and pepper) widely consumed by the population. A total of 90 spice samples (ginger: n = 30; chili: n = 30; pepper n = 30) was taken from various sales outlets of Abidjan. OTA was quantified using an HPLC apparatus coupled with a fluorimetric detector. The chili and ginger samples were contaminated with OTA at a mean concentration of 57.48 ± 174 and 0.12 ± 0.15 μg/kg, respectively. No contamination of the pepper samples was detected. Eight (26.67 %) of the chili samples exceeded the maximum limit of 15 μg/kg established by European regulation. These results should serve as an alert on the risk to the consumer population of these products that are highly contaminated with OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Manda
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hygiène Agro-Industrielle, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Ketty Michele Adanou
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hygiène Agro-Industrielle, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Dembelé Ardjouma
- Laboratoire Central d'Agrochimie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Laboratoire National pour le Développement Agricole, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Aholia Jean Baptiste Adepo
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hygiène Agro-Industrielle, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Djédjé Sébastien Dano
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hygiène Agro-Industrielle, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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20
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Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A. A novel sono-assisted acid pretreatment of chili post harvest residue for bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2016; 213:58-63. [PMID: 26949055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a sono-assisted acid pretreatment strategy for the effective removal of lignin and hemicelluloses and to improve the sugar yield from chili post harvest residue. Operational parameters that affect the pretreatment efficiency were studied and optimized. Inhibitor analysis of the hydrolyzate revealed that major fermentation inhibitors like furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural and organic acids like citric acid, succinic acid and propionic acid were absent. Changes in structural properties of the biomass were studied in relation to the pretreatment process using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, and the changes in chemical composition was also monitored. The biomass pretreated with the optimized novel method yielded 0.465g/g of reducing sugars on enzymatic hydrolysis. Fermentation of the non-detoxified hydrolysate yielded 2.14% of bioethanol with a fermentation efficiency of 71.03%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendran Sindhu
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
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21
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González-Vaquero RA, Roig-Alsina A, Packer L. DNA barcoding as a useful tool in the systematic study of wild bees of the tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Genome 2016; 59:889-898. [PMID: 27673501 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Special care is needed in the delimitation and identification of halictid bee species, which are renowned for being morphologically monotonous. Corynura Spinola and Halictillus Moure (Halictidae: Augochlorini) contain species that are key elements in southern South American ecosystems. These bees are very difficult to identify due to close morphological similarity among species and high sexual dimorphism. We analyzed 170 barcode-compliant COI sequences from 19 species. DNA barcodes were useful to confirm gender associations and to detect two new cryptic species. Interspecific distances were significantly higher than those reported for other bees. Maximum intraspecific divergence was less than 1% in 14 species. Barcode index numbers (BINs) were useful to identify putative species that need further study. More than one BIN was assigned to five species. The name Corynura patagonica (Cockerell) probably refers to two cryptic species. The results suggest that Corynura and Halictillus species can be identified using DNA barcodes. The sequences of the species included in this study can be used as a reference to assess the identification of unknown specimens. This study provides additional support for the use of DNA barcodes in bee taxonomy and the identification of specimens, which is particularly relevant in insects of ecological importance such as pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ana González-Vaquero
- a Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" MACN-CONICET, Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Roig-Alsina
- a Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" MACN-CONICET, Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurence Packer
- b York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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22
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Liu C, Liu R, Zhang P, Chen Y, Xu T, Wang F, Tan T, Liu C. Separation of capsaicin from capsaicinoids by macroporous resin adsorption chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4141-5. [PMID: 26456215 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study is to develop an efficient and low-cost method for capsaicin production isolated from capsaicinoids by macroporous resin adsorption chromatography. HZ816 resin has shown the best adsorption and desorption capacities for capsaicin among other resins. To optimize the operating parameters for separation, initial concentration, diameter-to-height ratio, mobile phase ratio, and crystallization method were investigated. When capsaicinoids solution (5 g/L) was loaded onto the column (diameter-to-height ratio = 1:12) with ethanol/1% w/w NaOH (4:6, v/v) as the mobile phase, capsaicin was purified most effectively. By using acid neutralization as the crystallization method, the purity of capsaicin improved from 90.3 to 99.5% with 82.3% yield. In conclusion, this study provides a simple and low-cost method for the industrial-scale production of high-purity capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruican Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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23
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Qi P, Lin Z, Li J, Wang C, Meng W, Hong H, Zhang X. Development of a rapid, simple and sensitive HPLC-FLD method for determination of rhodamine B in chili-containing products. Food Chem 2014; 164:98-103. [PMID: 24996311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of rhodamine B in chili-containing foodstuffs is described. The dye is extracted from samples with methanol and analysed without further cleanup procedure by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection (FLD). The influence of matrix fluorescent compounds (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) on the analysis was overcome by the optimisation of mobile-phase composition. The limit of determination (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 3.7 and 10 μg/kg, respectively. Validation data show a good repeatability and within-lab reproducibility with relative standard deviations <10%. The overall recoveries are in the range of 98-103% in chili powder and in the range of 87-100% in chili oil depending on the concentration of rhodamine B in foodstuffs. This method is suitable for the routine analysis of rhodamine B due to its sensitivity, simplicity, reasonable time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qi
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou Institute for Food Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- GuangZhou Institute for Food Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- GuangZhou Institute for Food Control, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - WeiWei Meng
- GuangZhou Institute for Food Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Hong
- GuangZhou Institute for Food Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Ko AY, Musfiqur Rahman M, Abd El-Aty AM, Jang J, Choi JH, Mamun MIR, Shim JH. Identification of volatile organic compounds generated from healthy and infected powdered chili using solvent-free solid injection coupled with GC/MS: application to adulteration. Food Chem 2014; 156:326-32. [PMID: 24629976 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate adulteration in commercial chili powder, the volatile organic compounds of healthy and infected powdered chili pepper were characterized using a solvent-free solid injector (SFSI) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Except for one compound (capillary compound for blank), 43 compounds were identified in healthy and infected chili powder. Specifically, 31, 36, and 41 compounds were identified in healthy, medium-infected, and severely infected chili powder. Among these compounds, acetic acid (13.77%), propanal (2.477%), N-methylpyrrole (1.986%), and 2-methyl-propanal (1.768%) were leading volatiles in the healthy chili powder. In contrast, infected chili powder contained 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (15.984%), acetic acid (11.249%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3.3%), N-methylpyrrole (3.221%), and 2-furanmethanol (2.629%) as major compounds. Trimethylamine and isosorbide were detected in both medium and severely infected chili, but not in healthy chili. This means that these compounds could be used as biomarkers to distinguish between healthy and infected chili. The proposed technique was applied to 12 commercial chili powders, and trimethylamine and isosorbide were detected in six samples. These results suggest that a contaminated chili that was added to a healthy one could be successfully identified by a combination of the SFSI and GC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Ko
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Jin Jang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heui Choi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - M I R Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Begum MF, Rahman MA, Alam MF. Biological Control of Alternaria Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderma Species under Field Conditions. Mycobiology 2010; 38:113-7. [PMID: 23956637 PMCID: PMC3741560 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2010.38.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma strains were evaluated under field conditions to assay their efficacy in suppressing Alternaria fruit rot disease and promoting chili plant growth. The experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh from July 2006 to March 2007. Application of Trichoderma harzianum IMI 392432 significantly (p = 0.05) suppressed the disease compared to Alternaria tenuis (T2) treatment and improved both growth and yield. The treatment T4 (T. harzianum IMI-392432 + A. tenuis) was most effective in reducing disease percentage (72.27%) compared to A. tenuis (T1) treatment. The highest seed germination rate (85.56%) and the highest growth and yield (12.5 g/plant) was also recorded in the same treatment (T4), followed by T5 (T. harzianum IMI-392433 000000 + A. tenuis), T6 (T. harzianum IMI-392434 +A. tenuis), T2 (T. virens IMI-392430 + A. tenuis), and T3 (T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 +A. tenuis) treatment, while single treatment with A. tenuis significantly decreased these values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Ferdousi Begum
- Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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