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Wang K, Wang X, Zhang L, Chi Y, Luo Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Qu S. Morphological Analyses and QTL Mapping of Mottled Leaf in Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2491. [PMID: 38473740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mottled leaf is one of the agronomic traits of zucchini and can be applied as a marker trait in aggregation breeding. However, the genetic mechanism responsible for mottled leaf has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we used two inbred lines (line '19': silver mottled leaf; line '113': normal leaf) as parents for the physiological and genetic analysis of mottled leaf. The synthesis and net photosynthetic rate of chlorophyll were not significantly affected in the mottled areas of leaves. However, we detected a large space between the palisade parenchyma in the leaf mottle area of line '19', which may have caused the mottled leaf phenotype. Light also plays an important role in the formation of mottled leaf, and receiving light during the early stages of leaf development is a necessary factor. Genetic analysis has previously demonstrated that mottled leaf is a quantitative trait that is controlled by multiple genes. Based on the strategy of quantitative trait locus sequencing (QTL-seq), two QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1 and 17, named CpML1.1 and CpML17.1, respectively. Two major loci were identified using R/qtl software version 1.66 under greenhouse conditions in April 2019 (2019A) and April 2020 (2020A) and under open cultivation conditions in May 2020 (2020M). The major QTL, CpML1.1, was located in a 925.2-kb interval on chromosome 1 and explained 10.51%-24.15% of the phenotypic variation. The CpML17.1 was located in a 719.7-kb interval on chromosome 17 and explained 16.25%-38.68% of the phenotypic variation. Based on gene annotation, gene sequence alignment, and qRT-PCR analysis, the Cp4.1LG01g23790 at the CpML1.1 locus encoding a protein of the TPX2 family (target protein of Xklp2) may be a candidate gene for mottled leaf in zucchini. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for the formation of mottled leaf and provide a foundation for the fine mapping of genes associated with mottled leaf. Molecular markers closely linked to mottled leaf can be used in molecular-assisted selection for the zucchini mottled leaf breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yichen Chi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yusong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Castaldo L, Lombardi S, Izzo L, Ritieni A. Exploring the Chemical Composition of Female Zucchini Flowers for Their Possible Use as Nutraceutical Ingredient. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2108. [PMID: 38136227 PMCID: PMC10740746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plant is well known for its fruits; however, its edible flowers appear to contain several active molecules, including polyphenols, which display poor bioaccessibility after gastrointestinal digestion (GiD). This study explores the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity within zucchini flower extracts during simulated GiD. Two nutraceutical formulations, non-acid-resistant (NAcR) and acid-resistant (AcR) capsules containing an aqueous extract of zucchini flowers, were employed in this investigation. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was utilized for a comprehensive analysis of their polyphenolic constituents. Predominantly, rutin and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside were the most prevalent compounds detected in the samples (514.62 and 318.59 mg/kg, respectively). Following in vitro GiD, the extract encapsulated in AcR capsules exhibited enhanced bioaccessibility during both the duodenal (189.2 and 162.5 mg GAE/100 g, respectively) and colonic stages (477.4 and 344.7 mg GAE/100 g, respectively) when compared with the extract encapsulated in NAcR capsules. This suggests that gastric acidity adversely impacted the release of polyphenols from NAcR capsules. In conclusion, the aqueous zucchini flower extract emerges as a promising and readily accessible source of dietary polyphenols. Moreover, the utilization of AcR capsules presents a potential nutraceutical formulation strategy to improve polyphenol bioaccessibility, enhancing its applicability in promoting health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Izzo
- Food Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (S.L.); (A.R.)
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Băieş MH, Cotuţiu VD, Spînu M, Mathe A, Cozma-Petruț A, Miere D, Bolboacǎ SD, Cozma V. The Effects of Coriandrum sativum L. and Cucurbita pepo L. against Gastrointestinal Parasites in Swine: An In Vivo Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1230. [PMID: 37317204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are responsible for substantial losses in reproduction and productivity in swine, creating a major impairment to efficient and profitable livestock management. The use of phytotherapeutic remedies has notably increased over the past decade due to their bioavailability, decreased toxicity, non-polluting nature, and to some extent due to their antiparasitic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of Cucurbita pepo L. and Coriandrum sativum L. against protozoa and nematodes found in swine. The samples were collected from weaners, fatteners, and sows and examined via flotation (Willis and McMaster), active sedimentation, Ziehl-Neelsen staining as modified by Henricksen, a modified Blagg method, and eggs/oocyst culture. The parasite species detected were Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Eimeria spp., and Cryptosporidium spp., depending on age category. A dose of 500 mg/kg bw/day of C. pepo and 170 mg/kg bw/day of C. sativum powders, administered for ten consecutive days, demonstrated a pronounced anthelmintic (pumpkin) and antiprotozoal (coriander) effect against the aforementioned parasites. Future studies are required to ascertain the optimal dose that maximizes their antiparasitic effectiveness. The current study represents the first Romanian report on the in vivo antiparasitic activity of these two plants tested on digestive parasites in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Horia Băieş
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Mathe
- Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100 Turda, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S.), 61 Mǎrǎşti Boulevard, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Affholder MC, Cohen GJV, Gombert-Courvoisier S, Mench M. Inter and intraspecific variability of dieldrin accumulation in Cucurbita fruits: New perspectives for food safety and phytomanagement of contaminated soils. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160152. [PMID: 36395833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to past agricultural practices, it is common to identify arable soils contaminated with persistent and potentially toxic organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Occurrence of OCPs, including dieldrin, in vegetables can lead to chronic exposure of the consumers. Some market vegetables, particularly the Cucurbitaceae, are known to accumulate high OCP concentrations. Dieldrin concentration in Cucurbita fruits can exceed the Maximal Residue Limit (MRL) resulting in cultivation and sale restrictions for market gardeners. To assess the intra- and interspecific variability of Cucurbitaceae species for low dieldrin concentration in fruits could be a solution. Here, 24 varieties from seven Cucurbitaceae species were cultivated outdoors in large pots, until fruiting, in soils historically contaminated with dieldrin. More than 330 fruits were harvested and analyzed for determining the inter and intraspecific variability of dieldrin accumulation. Significant interspecific differences occurred with mean fruit concentration ranging between 4.2 ± 7.0 and 85.0 ± 19.4 μg dieldrin kg-1 fresh weigh (FW) in watermelons (C. lanatus L.) and cucumbers (C. sativus L.), respectively. Intraspecific differences only occurred for Cucurbita pepo L. with mean concentration ranging between 4.9 ± 1.1 and 70.3 ± 3.6 μg dieldrin kg-1 FW for the varieties Noire maraîchère and Orélia, respectively. For this plant species, the influence of soil concentration, plant exposure time and biomass on fruit dieldrin concentration depended mainly on varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Affholder
- Univ. Bordeaux/Bordeaux-INP, CNRS, EPOC-PROMESS UMR 5805, 1 allée F. Daguin, 33607 Pessac, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire - bât. B2, CS 50023, 33615 cedex Pessac, France.
| | - G J V Cohen
- Univ. Bordeaux/Bordeaux-INP, CNRS, EPOC-PROMESS UMR 5805, 1 allée F. Daguin, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - S Gombert-Courvoisier
- Univ. Bordeaux-Montaigne, Univ. Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux, CNRS, PASSAGES UMR 5319, Pessac, France
| | - M Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire - bât. B2, CS 50023, 33615 cedex Pessac, France
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Paraskevopoulou E, Andreou V, Dermesonlouoglou EK, Taoukis PS. Combined effect of pulsed electric field and osmotic dehydration pretreatments on mass transfer and quality of air-dried pumpkin. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4839-4853. [PMID: 36250503 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) and osmotic dehydration (OD) pretreatment can accelerate the time-consuming drying process and minimize its high energy demands. The effect of PEF and OD pre-processing conditions and osmotic solution composition on mass transfer kinetics (water loss, solid gain, water activity) and quality properties (color, texture, total sensory quality) during OD and subsequent air-drying (AD) of pumpkin was studied. Application of PEF (2.0 kV/cm-1500 pulses) significantly enhanced mass transfer during subsequent air-drying (increased effective diffusivity coefficient Des and drying rate kdrying , respectively). PEF and OD treatments led to a significant reduction of the processing time by 12 and 10%, respectively (p < 0.05). The maximum reduction of processing time by 27% (p < 0.05) (compared to untreated sample) resulted in combined use of PEF and OD as pretreatments prior to AD. When PEF pretreatment was combined with OD prior to AD, the corresponding energy was by 50% less than the respective energy required for nonprocessed samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pulsed electric fields (PEF) and osmotic dehydration (OD) can be applied for the production of air-dried pumpkin cuts of superior quality (in terms of quality and sensory characteristics) and reduced energy requirements (as a result of total processing time decrease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Paraskevopoulou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Polytechnioupoli Zorafou, Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Andreou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Polytechnioupoli Zorafou, Athens, Greece
| | - Efimia K Dermesonlouoglou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Polytechnioupoli Zorafou, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros S Taoukis
- School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou, Polytechnioupoli Zorafou, Athens, Greece
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6
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Massironi A, Di Fonzo A, Bassanini I, Ferrandi EE, Marzorati S, Monti D, Verotta L. Selective Supercritical CO 2 Extraction and Biocatalytic Valorization of Cucurbita pepo L. Industrial Residuals. Molecules 2022; 27:4783. [PMID: 35897957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of biomass residuals constitutes a key aspect of circular economy and thus a major challenge for the scientific community. Among industrial wastes, plant residuals could represent an attractive source of bioactive compounds. In this context, a residue from the industrial extraction of Cucurbita pepo L. seeds, whose oil is commercialized for the treatment of genito-urinary tract pathologies, has been selected. Supercritical CO2 technology has been employed as a highly selective "green" methodology allowing the recovery of compounds without chemical degradation and limited operational costs. Free fatty acids have been collected in mild conditions while an enrichment in sterols has been selectively obtained from sc-CO2 extracts by appropriate modulation of process parameters (supercritical fluid pressure and temperature), hence demonstrating the feasibility of the technique to target added-value compounds in a selective way. Obtained fatty acids were thus converted into the corresponding ethanol carboxamide derivatives by lipase-mediated biocatalyzed reactions, while the hydroxylated derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids were obtained by stereoselective hydration reaction under reductive conditions in the presence of a selected FADH2-dependent oleate hydratase.
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Abstract
VQ protein is a plant specific protein, which plays an important role in plant growth and development and biological and abiotic stress response. This study aimed to systematically analyze for the first time the VQ of Cucurbita pepo and understand their expression patterns in response to different stimuli. Herein, 44 VQ genes were identified, which were divided into eight groups (I-VIII) based on phylogenetic analysis. Two genes (CpVQ1 and CpVQ2) could not be located on the chromosome, whereas the remaining CpVQ genes were randomly distributed on the chromosomes, except for chromosomes 15 and 18. Noteworthy, the main event driving the expansion of the VQ gene family was chromosome fragment duplication. Based on qRT-PCR analysis, VQ genes are expressed in different tissues, and VQ genes are differentially regulated under a variety of abiotic stresses and powdery mildew stress, indicating that they play an important role in plant stress response and other aspects. This report presents the first systematic analysis of VQ genes from C. pepo and provides a solid foundation for further research of the specific functions of VQ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
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Ding W, Wang Y, Qi C, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu W, Qu S. Fine mapping identified the gibberellin 2-oxidase gene CpDw leading to a dwarf phenotype in squash ( Cucurbita pepo L.). Plant Sci 2021; 306:110857. [PMID: 33775356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfism is an important agronomic trait in pumpkin that can increase yield. In this study, the dwarf Cucurbita pepo L. line X10 exhibited significantly longitudinally shorter cell length in the stem than did the normal-vine line JIN234. The dwarf stature of X10 was recovered with exogenous gibberellin (GA3) application, suggesting that X10 might be sensitive to GA biosynthesis. Genetic analysis revealed that this dwarf trait is controlled by a single completely dominant locus: CpDw (Cucurbita pepo L. Dwarf). Using 1,300 F2 individuals derived from a cross between X10 and JIN234, we mapped the CpDw locus to a region of approximately 24.6 kb on chromosome 10 that contain 5 annotated genes. The high expression level of Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 and high GA2ox enzyme activity in X10 revealed that the GA 2-oxidase gene Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 is a candidate gene for CpDw. Alignment of the Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 gene revealed two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the two exons, as well as several SNPs and InDels in the important functional elements of promoter between parental lines. Further allelic diversity analysis of the Cucurbita spp. germplasm resources indicated that Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 may be involved in vine growth during the early developmental stage in C. pepo but not in C. maxima or C. moschata. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the genetic regulation of vine length and crop breeding in pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yusong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Abstract
Excessive nickel (Ni) accumulation in edible parts of the plants has become a serious challenge for food security over the past few decades. Therefore, in this study, the role of calcium (Ca2+) signaling in imparting Ni tolerance was investigated in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. cv Courgette d'Italie). Exposure of zucchini seedlings to Hogland solution containing 0.28 mmol L-1 Ni(NO3)2 reduced plant growth, the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids and the relative water content (RWC) in leaves, increased Ni accumulation that was accompanied to depletion of the essential bivalent cations and induced oxidative stress and proline accumulation in both shoots and roots. Pretreatment with the nutrient solution containing 15 mmol L-1 calcium chloride (CaCl2), significantly improved zucchini growth and photosynthetic pigment contents and maintained RWC in leaves under both control and Ni stress conditions. Pretreatment with CaCl2 reduced Ni accumulation, modified cation homeostasis, increased the activities of peroxidase and catalase enzymes and lowered Ni-induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and proline in leaves and roots. Pre-exposure of root with Ca2+ chelator (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid) and plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker (lanthanum chloride) impaired impact of Ca2+ on the aforementioned attributes. Outcomes of this study not only highlight the signaling role of Ca2+ in regulating defensive responses but also suggest an eco- friendly approach for reducing the Ni contamination in plants that ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Valivand
- Plant Science Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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10
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Silano V, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Brüschweiler BJ, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen IL, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Glandorf B, Herman L, Penninks A, Arcella D, Liu Y, Maia J, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme l-ascorbate oxidase from Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne. EFSA J 2020; 17:e05740. [PMID: 32626358 PMCID: PMC7009204 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme l‐ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.10.3.3) is extracted from fruit peels of Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne by Nagase (Europa) GmbH. This enzyme is intended to be used in baking and cereal‐based processes. Based on maximum use levels recommended for the respective food processes and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 5.950 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. This exposure is in the same order of magnitude for infants and toddlers; but for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly it is one order of magnitude higher than the exposure to the fraction of the fruit peels comparable to the food enzyme–TOS. The Panel, while recognising the order of magnitude of difference in the exposure estimates, considers that any realistic exposure derived from the use of the food enzyme would be considerably lower and likely to be within the range of exposure through a typical diet. The Panel agreed that the requirements for exclusion of toxicological data were met. Amino acid sequence similarity to known allergens was searched and no match was found. The Panel considered that the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions upon dietary exposure to this food enzyme cannot be excluded, but are not expected to exceed the likelihood of the allergic reactions following consumption of pumpkin or zucchini per se, which is low. Based on the data provided and the origin of the food enzyme from edible parts of C. pepo L. and C. moschata Duchesne, the Panel considers that the food enzyme l‐ascorbate oxidase does not raise safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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11
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Kulczyński B, Gramza-Michałowska A. The Profile of Secondary Metabolites and Other Bioactive Compounds in Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Pumpkin Cultivars. Molecules 2019; 24:E2945. [PMID: 31416184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and animals are sources of various bioactive compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects. Scientists continue studies on the chemical composition of many products in search of foods with high nutritional value. The pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) is unquestionably a source of valuable nutrients. This vegetable is well-known all over the world and it is appreciated due to its high content of carotenoids, but it is still not much used in the processing industry. The aim of present study was to compare the flesh of 15 pumpkin varieties belonging to the Cucurbita pepo and C. moschata species in terms of the bioactive compound content (carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonols, minerals and vitamins) and to demonstrate whether the variety has an effect on the chemical composition. To date, no such extensive research has been carried out in this area. The research revealed that the pumpkin pulp had high content of carotenoids. In nearly all cases lutein was the most abundant carotenoid. Numerous phenolic acids and flavonols were also identified. All the cultivars contained gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin. The pumpkin pulp also contained alpha- and gamma-tocopherol. No beta- or delta-tocopherol was found. Potassium, calcium, and sodium were the most abundant minerals. The research also proved that the profile of bioactive compounds in the pumpkin pulp was considerably diversified and depended on the species and cultivar
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Zhang C, Zhu Q, Liu S, Gao P, Zhu Z, Wang X, Luan F. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:717-718. [PMID: 33474295 PMCID: PMC7799668 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1483766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo is an important economic plant cultivated widely in the world. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. pepo is reported here. The genome is 157,343 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 87,970 bp) and small (SSC, 18,167 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 25,603 bp). A total of 131 genes were predicted including 85 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes and 38 tRNA genes. Further, phylogenetic analysis showed that C. pepo were closely related to other species in the family Cucurbitaceae. The complete chloroplast genome of C. pepo would be taken as a useful molecular tool for species discrimination, taxonomy, and phylogenetic relationships in the family Cucurbitaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qianglong Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Niu Y, Pang X, Cheng Y, Wang D, Guo S, Liu Y. Molecular detection of watermelon mosaic virus associated with a serious mosaic disease on Cucurbita pepo L. in Shanxi, China. Virusdisease 2017; 28:315-319. [PMID: 29291219 PMCID: PMC5684996 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With continued expansion of Cucurbita pepo L. cultivation, viral diseases affecting the crop have become more serious in recent years, causing enormous losses in yield and quality. A virus sample was obtained from Wenshui in Shanxi province, China. Double-stranded RNA technology and sequence-independent amplification (SIA) were used to identify the virus that induced C. pepo L. mosaic disease. SIA and sequencing results showed the presence of watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in diseased C. pepo L. leaves. The complete sequence of WMV from the Shanxi isolate (i.e., WMV-WS) was cloned and analyzed for further characterization. The genomic RNA of WMV-WS is 10,040 nucleotides in length and encodes a putative polyprotein of 3218 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicate that all WMV isolates were divided into four groups and WMV-WS isolate belong to Group 4. Further analysis showed that these WMV isolates were not only to a certain degree related to the host, but also related to geographical origin of isolates. Our results provide information for a better understanding of the genetic diversity of WMV isolates infecting C. pepo L. in Shanxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.01. Mingxian Road, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province China
| | - Xiaojing Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.01. Mingxian Road, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.01. Mingxian Road, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province China
| | - Defu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.01. Mingxian Road, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province China
| | - Shang Guo
- Institute of Edible-Fungi, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125 China
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Hatami M. Toxicity assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Cucurbita pepo L. under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 142:274-283. [PMID: 28433592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the production and application of various types of nanomaterials increases the possibility of their presence in total environment, which subsequently raises concerns about their potential threats to the first trophic level of organisms, specifically under varying environmental constraints. In this work, seeds of Cucurbita pepo L. were cultured in MS basal medium exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at different concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000μgmL-1) under two levels of water potential, well-watered (0MPa) and water stress (-1.5MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) for 14 days. Seeds exposed to MWCNTs showed reduction in germination percentage, root and shoot length, biomass accumulation and vigor index in a dose-dependent manner. However, seedlings germinated in MWCNTs-fortified media had significantly lower germination and growth attributes than those of control under water stress conditions. This happened due to increased oxidative injury indices including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as electrolyte leakage index (ELI) of tissues. The impaired morpho-physiological and biochemical processes of seedlings exposed to different concentrations of MWCNTs under both PEG-induced stress and non-stress growing conditions were consequence of changes in the activation of various cellular antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (POD). Taken together, our findings reveal that MWCNTs played negative role on seed germination and subsequent growth of C. pepo L. seedlings under both levels of water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Kikuchi T, Ando H, Maekawa KI, Arie H, Yamada T, Tanaka R. Two new ent-kaurane-type diterpene glycosides from zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds. Fitoterapia 2015; 107:69-76. [PMID: 26420344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new ent-kaurane diterpene glycosides; 12α-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-7β-hydroxykaurenolide (1) and 7β-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-12α-hydroxykaurenolide (2), a new steroid; (24S)-stigmasta-7,22E,25-trien-3-one (12), and known compounds (3-11, 13-14) were isolated from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds. The absolute structures of 1 and 2 were determined by acid hydrolysis and application of a modified Moscher's method. Furthermore, isolated compounds (1-14), and a derivative, 1a, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on macrophage activation by an inhibitory assay of nitric oxide (NO) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ando
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Maekawa
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiroki Arie
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Jafarian A, Zolfaghari B, Parnianifard M. The effects of methanolic, chloroform, and ethylacetate extracts of the Cucurbita pepo L. on the delay type hypersensitivity and antibody production. Res Pharm Sci 2012; 7:217-24. [PMID: 23248672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin, as a dietary plant, has been used in traditional medicine around the world. In addition, during the last decade, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antitumor, intestinal antiparasitic, antibacterial, anti hypercholesterolemia, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and analgic effects of pumpkin has been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of different extracts of Cucurbita pepo L. on the immune responses. Methanolic, chloroform and ethylacetate extracts of C. pepo fruits was obtained using percolation method. Mice were used to study the effects of C. pepo extracts on the acquired immunity. Sheep red blood cell (SRBC) was injected (S.C., 1×10(8) cells/ml, 20 μl) and 5 days later, methanolic, chloroform and ethylacetate extracts of C. pepo at diiferent doses (10, 100 and 500 mg/kg), betamethasone and levamisol at equal doses (4 mg/kg) as positive controls and normal saline as a negative control were given i.p. After 1 h SRBC was injected to the footpad (S.C., 1×10(8) cells/ml, 20 ml) and the footpad swelling was measured up to 72 h. To investigate the effects of C. pepo on the innate immunity the same procedure was used, but animals received only one injection of SRBC 1 h after i.p. injection of test compounds. Our findings showed that SRBC induced an increase in the paw swelling with maximum response at 6-8 h. Betamethasone inhibited the paw swelling in both models. In both innate and acquired immunity models, methanolic, chloroform and ethylacetate extracts of C. pepo fruits significantly reduced the paw swelling dose dependently. The data suggest that the pumpkin extracts may have immunomodulatory effects.
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