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Nijsten K, van der Minnen L, Wiegers HMG, Koot MH, Middeldorp S, Roseboom TJ, Grooten IJ, Painter RC. Hyperemesis gravidarum and vitamin K deficiency: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:30-42. [PMID: 34325760 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, can lead to vitamin deficiencies. Little is known about HG-related vitamin K deficiency. We aimed to summarise available evidence on the occurrence of HG-related vitamin K deficiency and corresponding maternal and neonatal complications. A systematic review was conducted, searching Medline and EMBASE from inception to 12 November 2020. We identified 1564 articles, of which we included fifteen in this study: fourteen case reports (n 21 women) and one retrospective cohort study (n 109 women). Nine out of twenty-one women reported in case reports had a prolonged prothrombin time (PT). The cohort study measured PT in 39/109 women with HG, of whom 10/39 women (26 %) had prolonged PT. In total, 30-50 % women received vitamin K supplementation after vitamin K deficiency had been diagnosed. Four case reports (n 4 women) reported corresponding maternal complications, all consisting of coagulopathy-related haemorrhage. Nine case reports (n 16 neonates) reported corresponding neonatal complications including intracranial haemorrhage (n 2 neonates) and embryopathy (n 14 neonates), which consisted of Binder phenotype (n 14 neonates), chondrodysplasia punctata (n 9 neonates) and grey matter heterotopia (n 3 neonates). In conclusion, vitamin K deficiency and related complications occur among women with HG. In our systematic review, we were unable to assess the incidence rate.
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Morhart P, Mardin C, Rauh M, Jüngert J, Hammersen J, Kehl S, Schuh W, Maier-Wohlfart S, Hermes K, Neubert A, Schneider M, Hein A, Woelfle J, Schneider H. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: possible impact on the infant. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:413-418. [PMID: 34355278 PMCID: PMC8341836 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The risk and potential consequences of mother-to-child transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy are still a matter of debate. We studied the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on 56 complete households, including 27 newborns whose mothers were pregnant when exposed to the virus. Two PCR-confirmed perinatal SARS-CoV-2 transmissions with mild symptoms in affected neonates were recorded. In addition, we observed a severe eye malformation (unilateral microphthalmia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and congenital retinopathy) associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in weeks 5 and 6 of embryonic development. This embryopathy could not be explained by other infectious agents, genetic factors, drug use, or maternal disease during pregnancy. Eight other women with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to gestational week 12, however, delivered healthy infants.Conclusion: The repeated occurrence of mother-to-child transmission in our cohort with risks that remain incompletely understood, such as long-term effects and the possibility of an embryopathy, should sensitize researchers and stimulate further studies as well as support COVID-19 vaccination recommendations for pregnant women. Trial registration number: NCT04741412. Date of registration: November 18, 2020 What is Known: •Materno-fetal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy has rarely been reported so far, but was demonstrated in isolated cases. What is New: •In a study of complete households with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, including a cohort of pregnant women, we observed perinatal coronavirus transmission at a higher frequency than expected. •We also describe a newborn boy with an eye malformation reminiscent of rubella embryopathy but associated with early gestation SARS-CoV-2 infection of his mother. •A coronavirus-related embryopathy, reported here for the first time, is a finding that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Morhart
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Mardin
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Jüngert
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Hammersen
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Kehl
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Division of Molecular Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrun Maier-Wohlfart
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hermes
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XHauner’sches Kinderspital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Neubert
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schneider
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Given the high rate of alcoholism throughout history, its effects on the fetus may have existed for millennia. But, the claim that Greeks and Romans were aware of fetal alcohol syndrome rests on incorrect citations. From 1725, maternal alcohol consumption was associated with retarded fetal growth and neurological anomalies. From 1809, scientists followed Lamarck's theory that the disorders parents acquire during their lifetime are passed on to their offspring. Fetal effects were thought to be inherited mainly from the father. During the 19th century, parental alcoholism became associated with malformations. In 1915, Ballantyne distinguished genetic influence via germ cells from toxin's effect on the embryo. Fetal alcohol syndrome was characterized by Rouquette [Influence de la toxicomanie alcoolique parentale sur le développement physique et psychique des jeunes enfants] in 1957 and Lemoine et al. [Ouest Medical. 1968;21:476-482] in 1968 as consisting of 4 features: (A) facial anomalies (narrow forehead, retracted upper lip, and cupped ears), (B) severe growth retardation (prenatal and postnatal), (C) malformations (limbs, cardiac, and visceral), and (D) central nervous system anomalies (hyperexcitability and mental retardation). But, their studies, written in French, remained disregarded. In 1973, Jones et al. [Lancet. 1973;302:999-1001] reported "the first association between maternal alcoholism and aberrant morphogenesis in the offspring." The history of fetal alcohol syndrome reveals shortcomings in citation practice. Alleged quotations remained unverified, non-English publications neglected, and short quotations taken out of context. Prejudiced by religious and abstinence groups, reports on alcohol damage to the unborn were fraught with emotions, moralizing, social implications, and presentism, the interpretation of past events with present knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obladen
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Onesimo R, Proli F, Leoni C, Contaldo I, Salerni A, Conti G, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. Embryopathy Following Maternal Biliopancreatic Diversion: Is Bariatric Surgery Really Safe? Obes Surg 2020; 31:445-450. [PMID: 32720264 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is usually considered safe. Recently, a few studies reported that bariatric surgery represents a risk factor for birth defects. A case series of six patients, born from women who had undergone biliopancreatic diversion, is reported. The clinical pattern was characterized by psychomotor development delay (100%), microphthalmia (83%), growth retardation (66%), hearing loss (66%), and variable facial dysmorphism. Based on the clinical profile and symptoms reported by women during pregnancy, a causal association between maternal chronic post-surgical malabsorption, congenital anomalies, and neonatal outcome is proposed, with vitamin A deficiency representing a major causing factor. Educational follow-up support, continuous clinical monitoring, and appropriate nutritional assessment appear to be crucial to reduce the potential risk of congenital malformations and child disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Disease and Birth Defects Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Proli
- Rare Disease and Birth Defects Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Disease and Birth Defects Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Contaldo
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Salerni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Conti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Disease and Birth Defects Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Tonacchera M, Chiovato L, Bartalena L, Cavaliere AF, Vitti P. Treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism with thionamides: a position paper on indications and safety in pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:257-265. [PMID: 31784912 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves' disease affects 3% of women and 0.5% of men in the general population. The first line treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism is based on the administration of antithyroid drugs (ATD), propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole (MMI) and carbimazole. A recent warning from the Italian Drug Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco AIFA) reported the risk of MMI-induced acute pancreatitis. In addition, AIFA highlighted the possible association of MMI treatment during the first trimester of pregnancy with congenital malformations, thus recommending the use of effective contraceptive methods in women of childbearing age treated with MMI. METHODS AND RESULTS Revision of literature reported less than ten cases of the alleged MMI pancreatitis, allowing the inclusion of MMI in class III drug regarding the relative risk for drug-induced pancreatitis. Data available on the effect of hyperthyroidism per se on the risk of fetal malformations, although scanty, are sufficient to recommend treatment with ATD of the hyperthyroid pregnant woman. Case reports and population studies either suggesting or not suggesting MMI-induced fetal malformations do not allow unquestionable conclusions on this matter. CONCLUSIONS This consensus by experts from Italian Endocrine and Gynecologic Scientific Societies has edited recommendations derived form the available data and published guidelines of International Scientific Societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, For Associazione Italiana della Tiroide (AIT), Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Cisanello, Italy.
| | - L Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS and Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia for Associazione Italiana della Tiroide (AIT), Pavia, Italy
| | - L Bartalena
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese for Associazione Italiana della Tiroide (AIT), Varese, Italy
| | - A F Cavaliere
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS Roma for Società Italiana di Ginecologia e Ostetricia (SIGO), Rome, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa, For Società Italiana Endocrinologia (SIE), Pisa, Italy
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Dhillon SK, Edwards J, Wilkie J, Bungard TJ. High-Versus Low-Dose Warfarin-Related Teratogenicity: A Case Report and Systematic Review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019; 40:1348-1357. [PMID: 30390948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy in women with mechanical heart valves remains controversial. This study highlights a case of high-dose warfarin ingestion throughout pregnancy and performed a systematic review to assess rates of teratogenicity with high versus low warfarin dosing (≤5 mg daily). METHODS A literature search for all case reports and available literature was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE up to December 2016 using medical subject heading terms "mechanical prosthetic valves," "pregnancy," "oral anticoagulants," "warfarin," "coumarins," "heparin, low-molecular-weight," and "thromboembolism." To be included, warfarin had to be administered anytime between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation with the dose being specified. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess quality of the cohort data. RESULTS The woman in the studied case received the highest reported warfarin doses throughout pregnancy (14.5-16.5 mg daily) and delivered a baby with no evidence of teratogenicity to the current age of 5 years. The study identified 23 case reports, with all demonstrating warfarin teratogenicity regardless of high-dose (n = 12) or low-dose (n = 11) warfarin. Twelve cohort studies identified a warfarin teratogenicity rate of 5.0%, with rates of 2.4% and 10.5% with low- and high-dose warfarin, respectively. Risk of bias was moderate (median Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score of 6) for all of the cohort studies. CONCLUSION Although a lower prevalence of warfarin-induced teratogenicity is reported with low-dose warfarin, a safe "cut-off" dose is misleading. Teratogenic risk with warfarin is unpredictable, mandating individual decisions regardless of the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tammy J Bungard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
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Samel C, Albus C, Nippert I, Niecke A, Lüngen M, Pfaff H, Peters KM. Life situation of women impaired by Thalidomide embryopathy in North Rhine-Westphalia - a comparative analysis of a recent cross-sectional study with earlier data. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:51. [PMID: 30943953 PMCID: PMC6448387 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Between 1957 and 1961 the substance Thalidomide was sold in West Germany and taken by many women as a sedative during pregnancy. This lead to miscarriages and infants been born with several severe malformations. The aim of this study was to describe the current situation of women impaired by Thalidomide induced embryopahty in North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Germany, in comparison with the results found in a study done in 2002 by Nippert et al. Methods Questionnaires as well as examinations were performed. Data were compared using descriptive and inductive statistical methods. Results Both studies show that women impaired by Thalidomide embryopathy face a poorer health status than women their age in the general population and live in fear of further deteriorating health. The majority can only work reduced hours or are already retired due to poor health. Most of those who need assistance are being assisted by their social environment, while professional care is still utilized in only few cases. Conclusions An obvious need for a shift in the provision of assistance and/or care provided was found as the social environment supporting the impaired women is also aging and therefore in high danger of breaking apart. Trial registration The study has been registered at German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00010593, on 07.06.2016 retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Samel
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Bachemer Str. 86, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christian Albus
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irmgard Nippert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Niecke
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Lüngen
- Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Osnabrück, University of Applied Sciences, Postfach 19 40, 49009, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Holger Pfaff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus M Peters
- Department of Orthopedics and Osteology, Dr. Becker Rhein-Sieg-Klinik, Höhenstr. 30, 51588, Nümbrecht, Germany
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Tabarki B, AlHashem A, Tlili-Graiess K. Embryopathy Associated With a Vitamin Therapy. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 89:73-4. [PMID: 30442439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Erenel H, Ozel A, Oztunc F, Kizilkilic O, Comunoglu N, Uludag S, Madazli R. Antenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Retinoid Syndrome at 20 Weeks of Gestation: A Case Report. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2018; 37:282-286. [PMID: 29843537 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2018.1472354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isotretinoin, a synthetic derivative of vitamin A, is one of the most potent human teratogens, and is mainly utilized for the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne. Retinoic acid embryopathy is well defined in the literature. CASE REPORT The mother was referred for a fetal posterior fossa abnormality, first detected at 20 weeks of gestation. The mother used isotretinoin until 18 weeks gestation. Ultrasound examination revealed hypertelorism, cerebellar hypoplasia, vermian agenesis, truncus arteriosus, anotia, thymic aplasia, corpus callosum hypoplasia. An intrauterine diagnosis of fetal retinoid syndrome was confirmed by fetopsy after termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION The typical findings of fetal retinoid syndrome can be visualized with ultrasound in early second trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Erenel
- a Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Aysegul Ozel
- a Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Funda Oztunc
- b Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics , Division of Pediatric Cardiology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Osman Kizilkilic
- c Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology , Division of Neuroradiology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nil Comunoglu
- d Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Department of Pathology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Uludag
- a Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Riza Madazli
- a Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology , Istanbul , Turkey
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Cammarata-Scalisi F, Nieves D, Avendaño A, Lacruz-Rengel MA, Alviárez K, Dávila F, Yavuz I, Callea M. [Isotretinoin embryopathy: An entity that can be avoided]. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2018; 116:e303-e307. [PMID: 29557621 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.e303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isotretinoin is the most effective drug in the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodulocystic acne. However, treatment with this drug is associated with adverse effects, the most severe being teratogenesis. It has been estimated that 40% of pregnancies exposed to isotretinoin present spontaneous abortion and 35% develop embryopathy. We present the case of a newborn with a history of prenatal exposure to isotretinoin, a clinical entity that can be avoided, with severe congenital defects in the central nervous system and important facial dysmorphisms, with unfavorable clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Avendaño
- Unidad de Genética Médica, Departamento de Puericultura y Pediatría
| | | | - Karelys Alviárez
- Estudiante de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Francys Dávila
- Estudiante de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Izzet Yavuz
- Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Diyarbakrr, Turkey
| | - Michele Callea
- Unit of Dentistry, Bambino Gesů Children's Hospital, Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Kowalski TW, Fraga LR, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Sanseverino MTV, Hutz MH, Schuler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL. Angiogenesis-related genes and thalidomide teratogenesis in humans: an approach on genetic variation and review of past in vitro studies. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 70:133-140. [PMID: 28161597 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide embryopathy (TE) has affected more than 10,000 babies worldwide. The hypothesis of antiangiogenesis as the teratogenic mechanism of thalidomide has been investigated in several experimental models; but, in humans, it has only been accessed by in vitro studies. Here, we hypothesized the effect of thalidomide upon angiogenesis-related molecules or proteins, previously identified in human embryonic cells, through the in silico STRING-tool. We also investigated ten polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes in 38 Brazilian TE individuals and 136 non-affected Brazilians. NOS2, PTGS2, and VEGFA polymorphisms were chosen for genotyping. The STRING-tool suggested nitric oxide and β-catenin as the central angiogenesis-related molecules affected by thalidomide's antiangiogenic property. We did not identify a significant difference of allelic, genotypic or haplotypic frequencies between the groups. We could not predict a risk allele or a protective one for TE in NOS2, PTGS2, or VEGFA, although other genes should be analyzed in larger samples. The role of nitric oxide and β-catenin must be further evaluated, regarding thalidomide teratogenesis complex etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- INAGEMP-Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- INAGEMP-Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- INAGEMP-Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- INAGEMP-Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- INAGEMP-Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Service of Experimental Research, Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Ghassemi Jahani SA, Karlsson J, Brisby H, Danielsson AJ. Health-related quality of life and function in middle-aged individuals with thalidomide embryopathy. J Child Orthop 2016; 10:691-703. [PMID: 27854003 PMCID: PMC5145847 DOI: 10.1007/s11832-016-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of limb malformations on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and function of the extremities in middle-aged individuals with thalidomide embryopathy (TE). Between 1959 and 1962, approximately 150 children with multiple malformations were born in Sweden following the maternal intake of thalidomide during pregnancy, of whom 100 survived. METHODS Thirty-one individuals with TE underwent evaluations of musculoskeletal manifestations by clinical examination. Validated questionnaires were used for the assessment of general HRQL [the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the EuroQ Five Dimensions health questionnaire (EQ-5D)]. The function of the upper and lower extremities was evaluated using specific questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale and Rheumatoid and Arthritis Outcome Score, respectively). The lower limbs were evaluated by computed tomography. The median age of the study group was 46 years, and 42% were females. Twenty-five individuals had malformations of the hand, but 27 had a grip function. Five individuals had severe lower limb malformations. Individuals with at least one extremity with major malformation(s) that affected function (n = 15) were compared with those without (n = 16). RESULTS The physical HRQL for the entire study group [mean 40.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4-45.8], as evaluated by the Physical Composite Score (PCS) of the SF-36, was significantly lower than the national norm value (population-based norm) of 50.0, and the physical HRQL of the subgroup with major limb malformations (15/31) was even lower (mean 34.6, 95% CI 25.9-43.4). The mental aspects of HRQL, based on SF-36 and EQ-5D scores, were not affected in the entire study group or in the subgroups. CONCLUSION The physical quality of life was significantly lower in individuals with TE compared with the general national population, while the mental aspects were not affected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A Ghassemi Jahani
- Department of Orthopedics, Frölunda Speciality Hospital, Västra Frölunda, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jon Karlsson
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Brisby
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aina J Danielsson
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sales Luiz Vianna F, Kowalski TW, Fraga LR, Sanseverino MT, Schuler-Faccini L. The impact of thalidomide use in birth defects in Brazil. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:12-5. [PMID: 27638330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the thalidomide tragedy occurred more than 50 years ago, the medication is still being used worldwide for different reasons, and several aspects regarding its teratogenicity remain unsolved. Despite the strict regulation implemented, new cases of thalidomide embryopathy (TE) are still being registered in Brazil. Furthermore, the molecular processes that lead to malformations when the embryo is exposed to thalidomide have not yet been fully identified. In this article, we perform a critical analysis of thalidomide's history in Brazil, highlighting aspects of the occurrence of TE over the decades. Finally, we present the main perspectives and challenges for ongoing surveillance and prevention of TE in Brazil. The effective control of dispensing thalidomide, especially in areas where leprosy is endemic, is one of the most important and challenging points. Furthermore, the emergence of thalidomide analogues is fast approaching, and their availability would pose additional concerns. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and targets of thalidomide in both experimental and human models is essential for generating new insights into teratogenic mechanisms, so that safer thalidomide analogues can be developed.
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Haiba MM, Tawfik SH, Kamel MA. Maternal diabetes impairs oxidative and inflammatory response in murine placenta. Springerplus 2016; 5:532. [PMID: 27186496 PMCID: PMC4846601 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Placenta is the major exchange surface between mother and fetus and plays a pivotal role in fetal development. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which diabetes alters placental function may allow better management of diabetes pregnancies. In this study, we attempt to investigate the effect of diabetic milieu with and without malformation on placental function. In order to investigate the impact of diabetic pregnancy on oxidative stress, endothelial and vascular functions of placental tissue, we mated diabetic and non-diabetic female rats with normal male rats. At gestational day 17, we terminated pregnancy, assessed fetuses for malformations and isolated placenta for measurement of various parameters of placental function. Our results show that maternal diabetes induced a state of oxidative stress in placenta, which disrupts normal signaling, activating apoptosis, as well as perturbing endothelial and vascular placental functions. The coalescence of these insults on various levels of placental function could contribute to the pleiotropic nature of diabetes-induced placental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha M Haiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
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Baack ML, Wang C, Hu S, Segar JL, Norris AW. Hyperglycemia induces embryopathy, even in the absence of systemic maternal diabetes: an in vivo test of the fuel mediated teratogenesis hypothesis. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 46:129-36. [PMID: 24721120 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic exposure to excess circulating fuels is proposed to underlie diabetic embryopathy. To isolate the effects of hyperglycemia from the many systemic anomalies of diabetes, we infused 4 mg/min glucose into the left uterine artery of non-diabetic pregnant rats on gestation days (GD) 7-9. Right-sided embryos and dams exhibited no glucose elevation. Embryos were assessed on GD13, comparing the left versus right uterine horns. Hyperglycemic exposure increased rates of embryopathy, resorptions, and worsened embryopathy severity. By contrast, saline infusion did not affect any of these parameters. To assess for possible embryopathy susceptibility bias between uterine horns, separate dams were given retinoic acid (25mg/kg, a mildly embryopathic dose) systemically on GD7.5. The resultant embryopathy rates were equivalent between uterine horns. We conclude that hyperglycemia, even in the absence of systemic maternal diabetes, is sufficient to produce in vivo embryopathy during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Baack
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chunlin Wang
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shanming Hu
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Taylor PN, Vaidya B. Side effects of anti-thyroid drugs and their impact on the choice of treatment for thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy. Eur Thyroid J 2012; 1:176-85. [PMID: 24783017 PMCID: PMC3821480 DOI: 10.1159/000342920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is a serious condition and its management is complex. Whilst carbimazole/methimazole (CBZ/MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) have similar efficacies in controlling hyperthyroidism, their risk of side effects such as major congenital abnormalities and hepatotoxicity are different. METHODS Various combinations of the terms 'anti-thyroid drugs', 'thionamide', 'carbimazole', 'methimazole', 'propylthiouracil', 'pregnancy', 'side effects', 'agranulocytosis', 'birth defects', 'congenital malformations', 'embryopathy', 'aplasia cutis', 'hepatotoxicity', 'hepatic failure', 'maternal' and 'fetus' were used to search MEDLINE and the Cochrane library. The references of retrieved papers were also reviewed. RESULTS There is increasing evidence for a CBZ/MMI embryopathy, whilst data remain lacking for major congenital abnormalities with PTU. In contrast, PTU is associated with increased risk of severe liver injury. Management strategies to reduce these risks by using PTU in the first trimester and CBZ/MMI in the later trimesters remain untested. CONCLUSION More evidence is still needed in defining the relative risks between CBZ/MMI and PTU of major congenital abnormalities and severe liver injury in pregnancy. Studies are also needed to establish the suitability of recent management suggestions in switching from PTU to CBZ/MMI after the first trimester. Major adverse outcomes secondary to CBZ/MMI and PTU are rare, and inadequately treated hyperthyroidism poses a far greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, London
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
| | - Bijay Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
- *Dr. B. Vaidya, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW (UK), E-Mail
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