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Zhang Q, Lu YW, Liu XY, Li Y, Gao WN, Sun JT, Hong XY, Shao R, Xue XF. Phylogenomics resolves the higher-level phylogeny of herbivorous eriophyoid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea). BMC Biol 2024; 22:70. [PMID: 38519936 PMCID: PMC10960459 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) are among the largest groups in the Acariformes; they are strictly phytophagous. The higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, however, remains unresolved due to the limited number of available morphological characters-some of them are homoplastic. Nevertheless, the eriophyoid mites sequenced to date showed highly variable mitochondrial (mt) gene orders, which could potentially be useful for resolving the higher-level phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS Here, we sequenced and compared the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species, which showed 54 patterns of rearranged mt gene orders relative to that of the hypothetical ancestor of arthropods. The shared derived mt gene clusters support the monophyly of eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) as a whole and the monophylies of six clades within Eriophyoidea. These monophyletic groups and their relationships were largely supported in the phylogenetic trees inferred from mt genome sequences as well. Our molecular dating results showed that Eriophyoidea originated in the Triassic and diversified in the Cretaceous, coinciding with the diversification of angiosperms. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals multiple molecular synapomorphies (i.e. shared derived mt gene clusters) at different levels (i.e. family, subfamily or tribe level) from the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species. We demonstrated the use of derived mt gene clusters in unveiling the higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, and underlines the origin of these mites and their co-diversification with angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Wen Lu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Nan Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Yin Y, Yao LF, Hu Y, Shao ZK, Hong XY, Hebert PDN, Xue XF. DNA barcoding uncovers cryptic diversity in minute herbivorous mites (Acari, Eriophyoidea). Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:1986-1998. [PMID: 35178894 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) are among the smallest of terrestrial arthropods and the most species-rich group of herbivorous mites with a high host specificity. However, knowledge of their species diversity has been impeded by the difficulty of their morphological differentiation. This study assembles a DNA barcode reference library that includes 1,850 mitochondrial COI sequences which provides coverage for 45% of the 930 species of eriophyoid mites known from China, and for 37 North American species. Sequence analysis showed a clear barcode gap in nearly all species, reflecting the fact that intraspecific divergences averaged 0.97% versus a mean of 18.51% for interspecific divergences (minimum nearest-neighbor distances) in taxa belonging to three families. Based on these results, we used DNA barcoding to explore the species diversity of eriophyoid mites as well as their host interactions. The 1,850 sequences were assigned to 531 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). Analyses examining the correspondence between these BINs and species identifications based on morphology revealed that members of 45 species were assigned to two or more BINs, resulting in 1.16 times more BINs than morphospecies. Richness projections suggest that over 2,345 BINs occurred at the sampled locations. Host plant analysis showed that 89% of these mites (BINs) attack only one or two congeneric host species, but the others have several hosts. Furthermore, host-mite network analyses demonstrate that eriophyoid mites are high host-specific, and modularity is high in plant-mite networks. By creating a highly effective identification system for eriophyoid mites in BOLD, DNA barcoding will advance our understanding of the diversity of eriophyoid mites and their host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liang-Fei Yao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Kai Shao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu Q, Yuan YM, Lai Y, Wang GQ, Xue XF. Unravelling the phylogeny, cryptic diversity and morphological evolution of Diptilomiopus mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea). Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 79:323-344. [PMID: 31786687 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Eriophyoidea, notable for specific morphological characters (four-legged mites) and gall-formation in host plants (gall mites), is one of the most species-rich superfamilies of Acari. Monophyly of the superfamily Eriophyoidea is accepted by all acarologists; however, monophyly of most genera has not been evaluated in a molecular phylogenetic network. Furthermore, most eriophyoid mites, especially species in the genus Diptilomiopus, are morphologically similar, challenging their identification. Here we test the phylogeny and cryptic diversity of Diptilomiopus species using fragments of two mitochondrial (COI and 12S) and two nuclear (18S and 28S) genes. Our results revealed the monophyly of Diptilomiopus. Sequence distance, barcode gap, and species delimitation analyses of the COI gene allowed us to resolve cryptic diversity of Diptilomiopus species. Additionally, we supposed that characteristics of genu fused with femur on both legs and seta ft' absent on leg II evolved only once within Diptilomiopus, which are potential morphological synapomorphies. In contrast, characteristics of both setae ft' and ft″ divided into a short branch and a long branch were supposed evolving multiple times independently. Our findings contribute to the understanding of phylogeny and morphological evolution of Diptilomiopus species and provide a DNA-based approach for species delimitation of Diptilomiopus mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yuan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lai
- Department of Plant Protection, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Guo-Quan Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Laska A, Majer A, Szydło W, Karpicka-Ignatowska K, Hornyák M, Labrzycka A, Skoracka A. Cryptic diversity within grass-associated Abacarus species complex (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), with the description of a new species, Abacarus plumiger n. sp. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 76:1-28. [PMID: 30171478 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of species richness is often complex as genetic divergence is not always accompanied by appreciable morphological differentiation. In consequence, cryptic lineages or species evolve. Cryptic speciation is common especially in taxa characterized by small and simplified bodies, what makes their proper identification challenging. The cereal rust mite, Abacarus hystrix, was regarded for a long time as a species associated with a wide range of grass hosts, whereas wide host ranges are rather rare in eriophyoid mites. Therefore, the generalist status of A. hystrix was questioned. In this paper we demonstrate that the diversity within Abacarus species associated with grasses is more complex than it was previously thought. The 78 Abacarus mtDNA COI sequences used in this study formed 10 highly supported clades (bootstrap value 99%) and four more distinct genetic lineages were represented by unique sequences. The genetic distances between them ranged from 6.6 to 26.5%. Moreover, morphological study and genetic approach based on the combination of the Poisson Tree Processes model for species delimitation (PTP) and a Bayesian implementation of PTP (bPTP), and Neighbour Joining analyses led to delimitation of a new species within the Abacarus complex: Abacarus plumiger, specialized on smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Furthermore, our analyses demonstrated a pattern of host-associated differentiation within the complex. Overall, our study indicates that cryptic speciation occurs in the grass-associated Abacarus genus, and suggests the need for more extensive sampling using integrative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Majer
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Szydło
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0816, USA
| | - Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Labrzycka
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Živković Z, Vidović B, Jojić V, Cvrković T, Petanović R. Phenetic and phylogenetic relationships among Aceria spp. (Acari: Eriophyoidea) inhabiting species within the family Brassicaceae in Serbia. Exp Appl Acarol 2017; 71:329-343. [PMID: 28429108 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined morphological and genetic differences among Aceria spp. inhabiting six Brassicaceae species in Serbia. Five of them have been already mentioned in the literature as original or alternate hosts of Aceria spp. (Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cardamine hirsuta L., Lepidium draba L. and Sisymbrium orientale L.), whereas Aurinia petraea (Ard.) Schur was registered here for the first time as a host for Aceria sp. Results of morphometric analyses indicated clear differentiation of Aceria spp. from B. incana, L. draba, A. petraea and S. orientale, whereas the other two entities were less diverse and clustered together. Molecular analyses indicated that the average mean divergence over all sequence pairs was 18.3% (11.8-25.9%) and disclosed that the observed mtCOI distances between the six host-associated Aceria entities are large enough to represent differences between species. The Aceria sp. hosted by B. incana was morphologically and genetically most distinctive, whereas discrepancy between phenetic and phylogenetic relationships was found in the position of Aceria sp. hosted by L. draba when compared with those inhabiting C. hirsuta, S. orientale and C. bursa-pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Živković
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Zemun, 11080, Serbia
| | - Biljana Vidović
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Zemun, 11080, Serbia
| | - Vida Jojić
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Cvrković
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Radmila Petanović
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Zemun, 11080, Serbia.
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Melo JWS, Lima DB, Staudacher H, Silva FR, Gondim MGC, Sabelis MW. Evidence of Amblyseius largoensis and Euseius alatus as biological control agent of Aceria guerreronis. Exp Appl Acarol 2015; 67:411-421. [PMID: 26255279 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Euseius alatus De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are predatory mites that are mostly found on leaves and on the exposed fruit surface of coconut plants. Their morphology hampers the access to the microhabitat occupied by Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), the most important pest of coconut fruits throughout the world. However, it was suggested that they can prey on A. guerreronis under natural conditions when this pest leaves its refuge to disperse. Since the trophic interactions between A. largoensis or E. alatus and A. guerreronis are unknown, we compare the frequencies of occurrence of A. largoensis and E. alatus under the bracts of coconut fruits and on coconut leaflets. In addition, because phytoseiids feed by liquid ingestion, we used molecular analysis to confirm the potential role of A. largoensis or E. alatus as predators of A. guerreronis and to assess how fast the A. guerreronis DNA fragment is degradated in the A. largoensis digestive tract. Our study demonstrated that E. alatus was only present on coconut leaflets whereas A. largoensis was found mostly on leaflets and, to a much lesser extent, under the bracts of coconuts. Species-specific ITS primers designed for A. guerreronis were shown to have a high degree of specificity for A. guerreronis DNA and did not produce any PCR product from DNA templates of the other insects and mites associated with the coconut agroecosystem. Based on molecular analysis, we confirmed that the predatory mites, A. largoensis and E. alatus, had preyed on the coconut mite in the field. Overall the predatory mites collected in the field exhibited low levels of predation (26.7% of A. largoensis and 8.9% of E. alatus tested positive for A. guerreronis DNA). The fragment of A. guerreronis DNA remained intact for a very short time (no more than 6 h after feeding) in the digestive tract of A. largoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W S Melo
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará - Campus do Pici, Avenida Mister Hull, n 2977, Bloco 805, Sala 215, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60356-000, Brazil.
| | - D B Lima
- Depto. Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - H Staudacher
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F R Silva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G C Gondim
- Depto. Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - M W Sabelis
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li HS, Xue XF, Hong XY. Eriophyoid mites from Qinghai Province, northwestern China with descriptions of nine new species (Acari, Eriophyoidea). Zookeys 2012:47-107. [PMID: 22679390 PMCID: PMC3361086 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.196.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eriophyoid mites from Qinghai Province, northwestern China were studied herein. Up to now, only six species have been reported from Qinghai Province. In field surveys, 17 eriophyoid mite species were collected, among which nine species were found new to science. The new species and their host plants are listed as follows: Acaphyllisa tuberculumaesp. n. on Populus sp. (Salicaceae); Proiectus xiningensissp. n. on Pinus sp. (Pinaceae); Phyllocoptes beishaniensissp. n. on Spiraea mongolica Maxim. (Rosaceae); Tetra prunianasp. n. on Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae) Rupr. (Berberidaceae); Tetra pyrianasp. n. on Pyrus calleryana Decne. (Rosaceae); Tetra simoniasp. n. on Populus simonii Carr. (Salicaceae); Diptacus berberinussp. n. on Berberis amurensis Rupr. (Berberidaceae); Diptacus mengdaensissp. n. on Lonicera elisae Franch. (Caprifoliaceae); Rhyncaphytoptus spinussp. n. on Lonicera rupicola Hook. f. et Thoms. (Caprifoliaceae). Aculops ulmi Hong & Xue, 2005 was re-described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Sen Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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