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Sinsuebpol C, Nakpheng T, Srichana T, Sawatdee S, Pipatrattanaseree W, Burapapadh K, Changsan N. Assessing the Anti-Aging and Wound Healing Capabilities of Etlingera elatior Inflorescence Extract: A Comparison of Three Inflorescence Color Varieties. Molecules 2023; 28:7370. [PMID: 37959789 PMCID: PMC10647484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Torch ginger, Etlingera elatior, is a Zingiberaceae plant with various red, pink, and white inflorescence. The wound healing potential and anti-aging effects of freeze-dried torch ginger inflorescence extracts (FTIEs) from three varieties were compared. The red FTIE had the highest content of phenolic, flavonoid, caffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic acid, followed by the white and pink FTIE. Consistent with the chemical constituents, the red FTIE demonstrated the greatest capacities for free radical scavenging, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-collagenase activity, followed by the white and pink FTIE. In cell-based studies, FTIEs displayed cytotoxicity to B16F10 melanoma cells, with the red FTIE showing the greatest activity (LC50 of 115.5 μg/mL). In contrast, the pink and the white FTIEs had less cytotoxicity impact. Nonetheless, at 1000 μg/mL, all three FTIE variants were safe on L929 fibroblasts or RAW 264.7 monocyte cells. White FTIE (500 μg/mL) exhibited the highest activity in stimulating collagen production and the greatest impact on cell migration, whereas the pink and red FTIE had a lesser effect. All FTIEs slightly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes, with no significant variation between FTIE variants. In conclusion, all FTIEs revealed promising potential for anti-aging cosmeceuticals and wound care products at specific concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Sinsuebpol
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand; (C.S.)
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand (T.S.)
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand (T.S.)
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | | | | | - Narumon Changsan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand; (C.S.)
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Juwita T, H P Pakpahan W, M Puspitasari I, Mekar Saptarini N, Levita J. Anti-inflammatory Activity of <i>Etlingera elatior</i> (Jack) R.M. Smith Flower on Gastric Ulceration-induced Wistar Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1193-1200. [PMID: 32981250 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1193.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith rhizome, which has been traditionally used to reduce stomach discomfort, was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity, however, there is a lack of such a study on the flower. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the E. elatior flower extract on gastric ulceration-induced Wistar rats. The Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was the negative control (Arabic gum suspension 2%), group 3 was the positive control (quercetin), group 4-6 were treated with E. elatior flower extract dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg-1 of b.wt., respectively. The rats were conditioned to gastric ulceration. The stomach weight, microscopic and macroscopic evaluation of gastric mucosal damage was examined. Subsequently, the nuclear factor-kappaB-p65 (NF-kappaB-p65) expression in the fundus was Western-blotted by employing β-actin and GAPDH as the loading controls. RESULTS Etlingera elatior flower extract dose of 1000 mg kg-1 b.wt., reduces the ulceration index and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Western blot analysis showed inhibition of NF-kappaB-p65 expression by E. elatior flower extract dose of 1000 mg kg-1 of b.wt. CONCLUSION Etlingera elatior flower might possess anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 in the fundus of gastric ulceration-induced Wistar rats.
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Ge L, Yong JWH, Tan SN, Li SP. Simultaneous extraction, separation, isolation and identification of endogenous components from Etlingera elatior by pressurized matrix solid-phase dispersion using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460604. [PMID: 31676090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From the analytical chemistry point-of-view, an ideal sample preparation method should be simple, rapid, automatic, selective, precise, exhaustive, reproducible and protect the analyte-of-interest from degradation. In this study, a novel sample preparation method, named pressurized matrix solid-phase dispersion (p-MSPD) extraction was developed for simultaneously extracting, separating, purifying, isolating, and analyzing endogenous components in a solid sample matrix. Etlingera elatior, a traditional medicinal plant known as the torch ginger, was applied as a sample matrix to evaluate the p-MSPD process. The entire extraction, separation, isolation, fractionation and detection were performed automatically with a commercial LC-MS system. The novel method was satisfactorily applied for the preparation of real samples without optimization, which had the ability to selectively isolate pure compounds from the solid sample matrix for further NMR analysis. Therefore, the method is recommended for quality control of traditional medicines, research efforts when sample amounts are limited, and laboratories that have ordinary LC-MS instrumentation.
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Azri FA, Selamat J, Sukor R, Yusof NA, Ahmad Raston NH, Nordin N, Jambari NN. Etlingera elatior-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application as Electrochemical Current Enhancer. Molecules 2019; 24:E3141. [PMID: 31470528 PMCID: PMC6749185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a simple green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using an aqueous extract of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger). The metabolites present in E. elatior, including sugars, proteins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, were known to play important roles in reducing metal ions and supporting the subsequent stability of nanoparticles. The present work aimed to investigate the ability of the E. elatior extract to synthesise AuNPs via the reduction of gold (III) chloride hydrate and characterise the properties of the nanoparticles produced. The antioxidant properties of the E. elatior extract were evaluated by analysing the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. To ascertain the formation of AuNPs, the synthesised particles were characterised using the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement. The properties of the green synthesised AuNPs were shown to be comparable to the AuNPs produced using a conventional reducing agent, sodium citrate. The UV-Vis measured the surface plasmon resonance of the AuNPs, and a band centered at 529 nm was obtained. The FTIR results proved that the extract contained the O-H functional group that is responsible for capping the nanoparticles. The HRTEM images showed that the green synthesized AuNPs were of various shapes and the average of the nanoparticles' hydrodynamic diameter was 31.5 ± 0.5 nm. Meanwhile, the zeta potential of -32.0 ± 0.4 mV indicates the high stability and negative charge of the AuNPs. We further successfully demonstrated that using the green synthesised AuNPs as the nanocomposite to modify the working surface of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE/Cs/AuNPs) enhanced the rate of electron transfer and provided a sensitive platform for the detection of Cu(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Asilah Azri
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noordiana Nordin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Krajarng A, Chulasiri M, Watanapokasin R. Etlingera elatior Extract promotes cell death in B16 melanoma cells via down-regulation of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:415. [PMID: 28830513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior, EE) is a ginger plant that found in Southeast Asia. Previous study showed its flowers and leaves composed of several flavonoids with anti-cancer activity. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of EE extract on cell death induction in melanoma cells. METHODS To carry out this study, the cytotoxic effect of EE extract was performed using MTT assay. Nuclear morphological change and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were observed using Hoechst 33,342 and JC-1 staining. Flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI double staining assessed apoptosis, necrosis and viability. Caspase activity was detected by caspase activity kits. The expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, ERK and Akt signaling pathways were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The treatment of EE extract resulted in a dose- and time-dependent reduction in cell viability in B16 cells. It also induced nuclear condensation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which are markers of apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of Bim was increased instead of Bax and Bcl-2. The results also showed caspase-independent activity and the down-regulation of ERK and Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results suggest that EE extract induced caspase-independent cell death via down-regulation of ERK and Akt pathways in B16 cells. This may be beneficial as a chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent in melanoma treatment.
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Barbosa GB, Jayasinghe NS, Natera SHA, Inutan ED, Peteros NP, Roessner U. From common to rare Zingiberaceae plants - A metabolomics study using GC-MS. Phytochemistry 2017; 140:141-150. [PMID: 28499256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zingiberaceae plants, commonly known as gingers, have been popular for their medicinal and culinary uses since time immemorial. In spite of their numerous health-promoting applications, many Zingiberaceae plants still receive no scientific attention. Moreover, existing reports mostly focused only on the Zingiberaceae rhizomes. Here, untargeted metabolite profiling using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to compare the metabolic composition of leaves and rhizomes of the more common gingers, Zingiber officinale Rosc. (ZO), Curcuma longa L. (CL), and Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith (EE), and the rare gingers, Amomum muricarpum Elmer (AM), Etlingera philippinensis (Ridl.) R.M. Smith (EP), and Hornstedtia conoidea Ridl. (HC). Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that different species show substantial chemical differentiation and revealed potential markers among the different Zingiberaceae plants. Interestingly, the leaves of AM, CL, EE, EP, and HC had significantly higher levels of chlorogenic acid than ZO. Moreover, rhizomes of EP and HC were found to contain significantly higher levels of amino acids than ZO. Sugars and organic acids were generally less abundant in ZO leaves and rhizomes than in the other gingers. The leaves of EP and rhizomes of AM were found most similar to the leaves and rhizomes of common gingers, respectively. Results of this study provide significant baseline information on assessing the possible usage of the leaves of common gingers and further propagation and exploration of EP and AM. This study, being the first metabolomics report on rare plants such as AM, EP and HC, affirms the usefulness of untargeted metabolite profiling in exploring under-investigated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina B Barbosa
- Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, 8710, Philippines
| | | | - Siria H A Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ellen D Inutan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
| | - Nonita P Peteros
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Habsah M, Ali AM, Lajis NH, Sukari MA, Yap YH, Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N. Antitumour-promoting and cytotoxic constituents of etlingera elatior. Malays J Med Sci 2005; 12:6-12. [PMID: 22605941 PMCID: PMC3349407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical studies on rhizome of Etlingera elatior have resulted in the isolation of 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienone (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (3), 16-hydroxylabda-8(17),11,13-trien-16,15-olide (4), stigmast-4-en-3-one (5), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (6), stigmast-4-en-6b-ol-3-one (7), 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (8). 1 and 4 were new compounds. Compounds 5 and 7 displayed high antitumour-promoting activity. Ethyl acetate extract showed a very significant cytotoxic activity against CEM-SS and MCF-7 cell lines (4 μg/ml and 6.25 μg/ml respectively). The antitumour-promoting activity was determined by EBV-EA assay and cytotoxic activity was determined by MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Habsah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University College of Science and Technology Malaysia (KUSTEM), Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - AM Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology
| | - NH Lajis
- Phytomedicinal Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience and
| | - MA Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Environmental Study, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
| | - YH Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Environmental Study, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
| | - H Kikuzaki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Nakatani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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