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Howard C, McIntire R, Anderson JM, Stewart C, McIntosh H, Cornwell J, Barron K. The top sports medicine influencers on X (formerly Twitter). J Sports Sci 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37722817 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2259723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing sports medicine content on social media, we sought to identify the top sports medicine influencers on X (formerly Twitter) and analyse their common characteristics. METHODS X influence scores for "Sports Medicine" were collected in November 2021 from Right Relevance. Accounts were then screened in a blind, duplicate manner for personal and X profile characteristics. RESULTS Physical therapists/physiotherapists made up 48% of the top sports science and medicine influencers. Locations in the U.S. and U.K. were listed for half of the influencers. The mean h-index was 30.2 (95% CI = [24.8-35.6]) with a median of 22.0 (range = 1-101). Most individuals reported multiple practice settings (63%), with 60% associated with an academic setting. Professional (62%) and Olympic (49%) level athletics were most frequently mentioned, with soccer (48%) and rugby (30%) as the most common sports. Among 76 profiles with URLs, most were linked to personal websites (57.9%). CONCLUSION The top influencers on X consisted of accredited sports science and medicine professionals across various locations and occupations, providing ample networking and collaboration opportunities. The relatively high h-index in this study suggests sports science and medicine influencers on X are notable contributors to academic literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner Howard
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ryan McIntire
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - J Michael Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Carter Stewart
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Haddon McIntosh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - James Cornwell
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Kim Barron
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oklahoma State University Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Smith A, Broom D, Murphy M, Biddle S. A Manifesto for exercise science - a vision for improving the health of the public and planet. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1110-1115. [PMID: 35262464 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2049083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this manifesto, we make the case that Exercise Science can and must do more to improve the health of the public and the planet. Post pandemic, our vision for Exercise Science is one of a maturing scientific discipline reaching outwards from a base of strong empirical evidence to have a profound and sustained positive global impact on health. In each of the three main areas of the discipline - research, teaching, and professional practice - a new and distinctive approach is needed. We propose 12 points of action, in no particular order, for a). quality, rigour, and professional standing, and b). reach, relevance, and public engagement and make numerous suggestions for action and change. We encourage the teachers, researchers and practitioners of Exercise Science to consider and act on these recommendations. We hope that this manifesto can help create a shared sense of purpose amongst the global Exercise Science community and further the principles of equality, diversity and inclusion. To act on these principles, we need to cultivate a discipline that encourages more women, people who experience racism and other forms of discrimination, and people with a disability to become involved in the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Smith
- Independent, Unaffiliated Sport and Exercise Scientist, UK
| | - David Broom
- Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Marie Murphy
- Doctoral College, Ulster University, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QL, Australia
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Sundgot-Borgen C, Mathisen TF, Torstveit MK, Sundgot-Borgen J. Explanations for use of dietary- and muscle enhancing dietary supplements among university students: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35209960 PMCID: PMC8867755 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of dietary supplements (DS) and muscle enhancing dietary supplements (MEDS) is frequent among students despite the lack of evidence of effects and health risks related to consumption. We need to increase our understanding of students’ motivation, examine potential gender differences, and explore explanatory factors, to address preventive measures related to use. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the frequency of, and the reasons for, DS use among university students, as well as explanatory factors for use of MEDS. Method Male and female students from nine Norwegian universities participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants responded to questions about demographics, DS and MEDS use, internalization of body ideals, physical activity- and exercise level, motives for exercise, and exercise context. Independent t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, and logistic regression were used to investigate between group differences, associations, and explanatory factors for use, respectively. P-values ≤ 0.05 were defined as significant. Results A total of 1001 males (34%) and females, with a mean(sd) age of 24.21(4.76) years, participated. The frequency of DS use was 42% and 40% (p = .414) in males and females, respectively, in which more males than females used DS to improve physical or mental performance (p = < .001), increase muscle mass (p = < .001) and weight for health (p = .014), and improve appearance (p = < .001). In males and females, respectively, 25% and 10% used MEDS (p = < .001). In males, being a fitness center member (OR:3.80), exercising to improve muscle mass (OR:1.96), and a higher physical activity level (OR:1.09) positively explained MEDS use, while exercising to increase endurance (OR:0.49) and being an exercise science student (OR:0.47) negatively explained MEDS use. In females, internalizing the athletic body ideal (OR:1.78) and exercising to improve muscle mass (OR:1.74) positively explained MEDS use. Conclusions Our main findings indicate that a surprisingly high percentage of male and female Norwegian students use DS and MEDS, and that reasons for use, and variables explaining the variability in frequency of use, differ between genders. Longitudinal studies to investigate direction of associations are needed in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00510-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sundgot-Borgen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, N-0806, Oslo, Norway. .,Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | - Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, N-0806, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
The application of exercise science training knowledge has been of growing interest to voice professionals. This tutorial, derived from the authors' invited presentations from the "Exercise and the Voice" Special Session at the 2018 Voice Foundation Symposium, proposes a foundational theoretical structure based in exercise science, clarifies the wide range of variables that may influence voice training, and summarizes our present understanding of voice physiology from the perspective of muscle training. The body of literature on voice exercise was then analyzed from the perspective of this framework, identifying what we currently know and what we still have yet to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, New York University Voice Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Mary J Sandage
- Department of Communication Disorders, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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5
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Sundgot-Borgen C, Sundgot-Borgen J, Bratland-Sanda S, Kolle E, Torstveit MK, Svantorp-Tveiten KME, Mathisen TF. Body appreciation and body appearance pressure in Norwegian university students comparing exercise science students and other students. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 33740918 PMCID: PMC7977603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image is considered a core issue for public health and associates with university students' overall health. Due to positive associations between exercise and body image, it has been suggested that students within an exercise science program might be more body appreciative compared to other students. On the other hand, the strong societal idealization of the athletic body may expose them to a pressure of having a specific body appearance, which may result in unfavorable health consequences. Nevertheless, studies investigating these hypotheses are lacking. We therefore aimed to explore the level and associations of body appreciation, body appearance pressure, body image related mental health constructs, physical activity, and exercise, in Norwegian university exercise science and non-health reference students. METHOD Male and female exercise science students (n = 517) and reference students (n = 476), from nine large universities in Norway took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants responded to the Body appreciation scale-2, a self-developed questionnaire on body appearance pressure, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised, Sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4R, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and questions about physical activity and exercise. Between group differences were analyzed using student independent t-test and ANCOVA for parametric data and Chi-square test for categorical data, and associations were evaluated by Person's correlation. P-values ≤0.05 were defined as significant. RESULTS Female exercise science students had higher scores on body appreciation compared to reference students. No group difference was found in males. A high percentage of students reported experiencing body appearance pressure, with 69 and 85% among male and female exercise science students, and 57 and 83% among male and female reference students. Fitness centers were the settings where most respondents experienced body appearance pressure. Body appreciation was strongly associated with favorable scores on body image related mental health constructs, while personally experienced body appearance pressure associated with destructive scores on the same constructs. CONCLUSION Body appearance pressure is an issue among university students regardless of study program. Actions to promote body appreciation and prevent body appearance pressure may include an implementation of media literacy, body functionality, and exercise as topics within the education program to safeguard students' health and well-being. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY No. NCT04256967 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sundgot-Borgen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of Southeast Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Klungland Torstveit
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Postbox 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kethe M. E. Svantorp-Tveiten
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Fostervold Mathisen
- grid.446040.20000 0001 1940 9648Østfold University College, Department of Health and Welfare, PO 700, 1757 Halden, Norway
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Shumate T, Link M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Simas V, Climstein M. Validity of the Polar Vantage M watch when measuring heart rate at different exercise intensities. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10893. [PMID: 33614295 PMCID: PMC7879937 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of wrist worn wearable fitness trackers has been growing rapidly over the last decade. The growing popularity can be partly attributed to the improvements in technology, making activity trackers more affordable, comfortable and convenient for use in different fitness and environmental applications. Fitness trackers typically monitor activity level, track steps, distance, heart rate (HR), sleep, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and more, as the technology continuously is advancing. In terms of measuring HR, photoplethysmography (PPG) is a relatively new technology utilised in wearables. PPG estimates HR through an optical technique that monitors changes in blood volume beneath the skin. With these new products becoming available it is important that the validity of these devices be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Polar Vantage M (PVM) watch to measure HR compared to medical grade ECG on a healthy population during a range of treadmill exercise intensities. Methods A total of 30 healthy participants (n = 17 males, n = 13 females) were recruited for this study. The validity of the PVM watch to measure HR was compared against the gold standard 5-lead ECG. The study was conducted on 2 separate testing days with 24–48 h between sessions. Participants completed the Bruce Treadmill Protocol, and HR was measured every 30 s. Validation of the PVM watch in comparison to the ECG was measured with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) and levels of agreement were identified with Bland–Altman plots with 90% limits of agreement. Linear regression analysis was performed to calculate the value of r2 computing the variation of HR obtained by the PVM watch and ECG. Results In total, 30 participants completed the protocol, with data from 28 participants utilised for statistical analysis (16 males, 14 females, 26.10 ± 3.39 years, height 52.36 m ± 7.40 cm, mass 73.59 ± 11.90 kg). A strong and significant correlation was found between the PVM watch and ECG, demonstrating good criterion validity (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.87). Good validity was seen for day 1 and day 2 for stage 0 (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI [0.63–0.92], ICC = 0.74; 95% CI [0.37–0.88]), stage 1 (ICC = 0.78; 95% CI [0.52–0.90], ICC = 0.88; 95% CI [0.74–0.95]), and stage 2 (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI [0.73–0.94], ICC = 0.80; 95% CI [0.40–0.92]). Poor validity was demonstrated on day 1 and day 2 for stages 3–5 (ICC < 0.50). Conclusion This study revealed that the PVM watch had a strong correlation with the ECG throughout the entire Bruce Protocol, however the level of agreement (LoA) becomes widely dispersed as exercise intensities increased. Due to the large LoA between the ECG and PVM watch, it is not advisable to use this device in clinical populations in which accurate HR measures are essential for patient safety; however, the watch maybe used in settings where less accurate HR is not critical to an individual’s safety while exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Shumate
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Magdalen Link
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia.,Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Brinsley J, Girard D, Smout M, Davison K. Is yoga considered exercise within systematic reviews of exercise interventions? A scoping review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 56:102618. [PMID: 33189861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yoga is an increasingly popular choice of exercise for the Western population, with people engaging in yoga for a range of physical and mental health and well-being reasons. The aim of this scoping review is to examine whether yoga is considered an exercise modality within relevant leading journals, as evidenced by its consideration in systematic reviews (SRs) of exercise interventions for health-related outcomes. METHODS Design: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Three leading sources (Sports Medicine, British Journal of Sports Medicine and Cochrane Collaboration) were searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: The ten most recently published systematic reviews of exercise interventions for health-related outcomes from each journal were included (N = 30) that met these criteria: systematic review studying humans participating in general exercise and measuring a health-related outcome. Exercise interventions with any specific qualifying terms (e.g. aquatic, strength, aerobic) were excluded. RESULTS The articles retrieved were published between 2007 and 2019, and collectively included 991 interventions. Seven reviews explicitly stated that yoga was to be included/excluded while twenty-three studies made no mention of how yoga was being considered in the methodology. Five studies included yoga in the search strategy, implying its inclusion. Post-hoc analyses found that the definitions of exercise in general were also variable. Exercise definition specificity was not associated with whether or not yoga was assessed for inclusion. CONCLUSIONS Systematic reviews of exercise and physical activity interventions for health-related outcomes do not consistently make clear whether or not they include or exclude yoga as a form of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Brinsley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Danielle Girard
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Smout
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Recent discussions in the sport and exercise science community have focused on the appropriate use and reporting of effect sizes. Sport and exercise scientists often analyze repeated-measures data, from which mean differences are reported. To aid the interpretation of these data, standardized mean differences (SMD) are commonly reported as a description of effect size. In this manuscript, we hope to alleviate some confusion. First, we provide a philosophical framework for conceptualizing SMDs; that is, by dichotomizing them into two groups: magnitude-based and signal-to-noise SMDs. Second, we describe the statistical properties of SMDs and their implications. Finally, we provide high-level recommendations for how sport and exercise scientists can thoughtfully report raw effect sizes, SMDs, or other effect sizes for their own studies. This conceptual framework provides sport and exercise scientists with the background necessary to make and justify their choice of an SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Caldwell
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Vigotsky
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
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Liu MG, Raymond J, Jay O, O'Connor H. Identification of factors important to study quality in exercise performance studies. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:782-787. [PMID: 32115356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify factors important to quality in exercise performance studies, specifically in the domains of aerobic, anaerobic and strength exercise. Factors related to diet and body composition were also targeted as these often influence or change with exercise. DESIGN Cross-sectional study employing focus groups and a modified Delphi method. METHODS Academic staff and research students within the discipline of exercise science in a research-intensive university participated in focus groups to generate discipline-specific factors important to study quality. These factors were subsequently presented in a modified Delphi survey to a panel of international researchers with expertise in at least one of the domains. Item consensus was defined as >70% agreement on importance. The initial round contained all items generated from the focus groups. Subsequent rounds only presented items where consensus was not achieved, and additional items suggested by participants. RESULTS The academic staff (n = 10) and research students (n = 9) generated 22 items generic to all exercise performance studies and 71 domain-specific items. Over two Delphi survey rounds involving 18 international researchers, consensus on importance was achieved for 19 generic items. Identified factors addressed exercise testing and prescription protocols, equipment and compliance to interventions. Consensus on 66 specific items was achieved but was limited by small domain-specific participant numbers (4-8). CONCLUSIONS Numerous discipline-specific factors were identified as important to study quality. These factors can subsequently be used to inform the development of a tool to evaluate study quality in exercise performance research or inform best clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Guosheng Liu
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Raymond
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Work Integrated Learning, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ollie Jay
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen O'Connor
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
The application of exercise science training knowledge has been of growing interest to voice professionals. This tutorial, derived from the authors' invited presentations from the "Exercise and the Voice" Special Session at the 2018 Voice Foundation Symposium, proposes a foundational theoretical structure based in exercise science, clarifies the wide range of variables that may influence voice training, and summarizes our present understanding of voice physiology from the perspective of muscle training. The body of literature on voice exercise was then analyzed from the perspective of this framework, identifying what we currently know and what we still have yet to learn.
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