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Miller I, Rosic N, Stapelberg M, Hudson J, Coxon P, Furness J, Walsh J, Climstein M. Performance of Commercial Dermatoscopic Systems That Incorporate Artificial Intelligence for the Identification of Melanoma in General Practice: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1443. [PMID: 38611119 PMCID: PMC11011068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma remains an increasing global public health burden, particularly in fair-skinned populations. Advancing technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), may provide an additional tool for clinicians to help detect malignancies with a more accurate success rate. This systematic review aimed to report the performance metrics of commercially available convolutional neural networks (CNNs) tasked with detecting MM. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases. RESULTS A total of 16 articles reporting MM were included in this review. The combined number of melanomas detected was 1160, and non-melanoma lesions were 33,010. The performance of market-approved technology and clinician performance for classifying melanoma was highly heterogeneous, with sensitivity ranging from 16.4 to 100.0%, specificity between 40.0 and 98.3% and accuracy between 44.0 and 92.0%. Less heterogeneity was observed when clinicians worked in unison with AI, with sensitivity ranging between 83.3 and 100.0%, specificity between 83.7 and 87.3%, and accuracy between 86.4 and 86.9%. CONCLUSION Instead of focusing on the performance of AI versus clinicians for classifying melanoma, more consistent performance has been obtained when clinicians' work is supported by AI, facilitating management decisions and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Miller
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia; (I.M.); (N.R.)
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia (P.C.)
- Specialist Suite, John Flynn Hospital, Tugun, QLD 4224, Australia
| | - Nedeljka Rosic
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia; (I.M.); (N.R.)
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia (P.C.)
| | - Michael Stapelberg
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia; (I.M.); (N.R.)
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia (P.C.)
- Specialist Suite, John Flynn Hospital, Tugun, QLD 4224, Australia
| | - Jeremy Hudson
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia (P.C.)
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Paul Coxon
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia (P.C.)
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia;
| | - Joe Walsh
- Sport Science Institute, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
- AI Consulting Group, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia; (I.M.); (N.R.)
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia (P.C.)
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Ribeiro C, Tsang L, Lin B, Kemp-Smith K, Phillips J, Furness J. Physiotherapists' perceptions of their role in treating and managing people with depression and anxiety disorders: A systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:431-455. [PMID: 36173687 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of mental health disorders rising worldwide, physio-therapists' perceptions of their role and ability to holistically treat people with anxiety and depression remain unclear. PURPOSE This research aimed to understand the physiotherapists' perception of their role in treating and managing people with anxiety and depression while revealing barriers and facilitators in practice. METHODS PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched systematically for mixed-method, quantitative, or qualitative designs. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for Systematic Reviews, data was extracted, critically appraised, assigned quality grades, and synthesized through meta-aggregation. RESULTS A total of 2991 records were initially sourced, with eleven studies included in the systematic review. The studies were published worldwide between 2016 and 2021, with the majority (n = 8) published in 2020-2021. Participating physiotherapists most frequently had a Bachelor's degree (35.7-62.6%), followed by a Master's degree (28.4-37.4%). Meta-aggregation revealed the synthesized finding that physiotherapists perceived their role to include treating people with anxiety and depression despite feeling underprepared. Physiotherapists perceive many barriers and facilitators, such as education, when treating people with anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Physiotherapists have positive perceptions toward anxiety and depression, despite feeling underprepared in their ability to implement psychosocial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Ribeiro
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Louisa Tsang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Brandon Lin
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
- Wesley Hospital, Uniting Care Health, Auchenflower, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
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Furness J, Phillips J, Canetti E, Kemp-Smith K. Exploring mental health approaches and curriculum in physiotherapy: an Australasian perspective. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38368604 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2316308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to mental health problems are becoming increasingly more frequent within physiotherapy. Physiotherapists recognize the need for a biopsychosocial approach, however their knowledge, assessment, and treatment skills specific to mental health problems requires further research. PURPOSE To profile the level of education and perception of education that physiotherapists have acquired specific to mental health problems; and to profile an understanding of the current practice of physiotherapists specific to mental health problems. METHODS An online survey addressed the aims of the study and collected data from physiotherapists in Australia and New Zealand (open between 20th of October 2022 to the 20th of March 2023). RESULTS 139 respondents were included in the analysis. Physiotherapists had a perception that a significantly greater amount of coursework related to mental health needed to be included within their initial degree compared to what they received (mean difference of 20.0%, 95% CI: 17.5 to 22.5). This trend was evident irrespective of the degree level or the year of graduation. Higher perceived knowledge of anxiety (MD of 11.4, p = 0.001, ES: 0.5) and depression (MD of 11.8, p = 0.001, ES: 0.5) was evident in outpatient care physiotherapists. Lack of perceived knowledge is a reason for whether an assessment or treatment strategy is used with patients experiencing a mental health problem. Motivational interviewing and mindfulness were the most frequently used psychologically based techniques. CONCLUSION This study reveals the need to increase the amount of mental health and psychologically based techniques within Physiotherapy curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Furness
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine. Bond Institute of Health and Sport Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Phillips
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine. Bond Institute of Health and Sport Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- The Wesley Hospital, Uniting Care Health, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Canetti
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine. Bond Institute of Health and Sport Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Kemp-Smith
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine. Bond Institute of Health and Sport Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Furness J, Abery P, Kemp-Smith K, Bruce K, Lamond D, Taylor N, Jones P, Snelling PJ. Comparison of surf lifesaver pressure point control and a commercial arterial tourniquet for major lower limb haemorrhage: A randomised controlled crossover pilot trial. Emerg Med Australas 2023; 35:1038-1040. [PMID: 37704229 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study compared non-medically trained surf lifesavers' (SLS) ability, after infographic training, to occlude the femoral artery using a pressure point (PP) versus an arterial tourniquet (AT). METHODS Using a crossover design, eight SLS applied PP and AT to a participant's leg to occlude the femoral artery. Arterial flow, application time and perceived difficulty were recorded. RESULTS PP achieved 89.7% and 50.8% blood flow reduction for PP and AT, respectively. Average application time was 50.63 and 113.5 s for PP and AT, respectively. Perceived difficulty using a Likert scale from 0 to 10 (0 being no difficulty and 10 being maximal difficulty) was 2.75 and 3.50 for PP and AT, respectively. CONCLUSION Infographic-trained SLS showed superior blood flow occlusion using PP. This pilot study will inform a larger trial for untrained beachgoers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Abery
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberly Bruce
- Emergency Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Lamond
- ACT Government/Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- ACT Government/Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Philip Jones
- Emergency Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Snelling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Emergency Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Miller IJ, Stapelberg M, Rosic N, Hudson J, Coxon P, Furness J, Walsh J, Climstein M. Implementation of artificial intelligence for the detection of cutaneous melanoma within a primary care setting: prevalence and types of skin cancer in outdoor enthusiasts. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15737. [PMID: 37576493 PMCID: PMC10416769 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is enthusiasm for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) to assist clinicians detect skin cancer. Performance metrics of AI from dermoscopic images have been promising, with studies documenting sensitivity and specificity values equal to or superior to specialists for the detection of malignant melanomas (MM). Early detection rates would particularly benefit Australia, which has the worlds highest incidence of MM per capita. The detection of skin cancer may be delayed due to late screening or the inherent difficulty in diagnosing early skin cancers which often have a paucity of clinical features and may blend into sun damaged skin. Individuals who participate in outdoor sports and recreation experience high levels of intermittent ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is associated with the development of skin cancer, including MM. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of skin cancer in individuals who regularly participate in activities outdoors and to report the performance parameters of a commercially available AI-powered software to assess the predictive risk of MM development. Methods Cross-sectional study design incorporating a survey, total body skin cancer screening and AI-embedded software capable of predictive scoring of queried MM. Results A total of 423 participants consisting of surfers (n = 108), swimmers (n = 60) and walkers/runners (n = 255) participated. Point prevalence for MM was highest for surfers (6.48%), followed by walkers/runners (4.3%) and swimmers (3.33%) respectively. When compared to the general Australian population, surfers had the highest odds ratio (OR) for MM (OR 119.8), followed by walkers/runners (OR 79.74), and swimmers (OR 61.61) rounded out the populations. Surfers and swimmers reported comparatively lower lifetime hours of sun exposure (5,594 and 5,686, respectively) but more significant amounts of activity within peak ultraviolet index compared with walkers/runners (9,554 h). A total of 48 suspicious pigmented lesions made up of histopathology-confirmed MM (n = 15) and benign lesions (n = 33) were identified. The performance of the AI from this clinical population was found to have a sensitivity of 53.33%, specificity of 54.44% and accuracy of 54.17%. Conclusions Rates of both keratinocyte carcinomas and MM were notably higher in aquatic and land-based enthusiasts compared to the general Australian population. These findings further highlight the clinical importance of sun-safe protection measures and regular skin screening in individuals who spend significant time outdoors. The use of AI in the early identification of MM is promising. However, the lower-than-expected performance metrics of the AI software used in this study indicated reservations should be held before recommending this particular version of this AI software as a reliable adjunct for clinicians in skin imaging diagnostics in patients with potentially sun damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Miller
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Stapelberg
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Specialist Suite, John Flynn Hospital, Tugun, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nedeljka Rosic
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Hudson
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Coxon
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Sport Science Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- AI Consulting Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Herbert C, House M, Dietzman R, Climstein M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K. Blue Zones: Centenarian Modes of Physical Activity: A Scoping Review. Population Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-022-09396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe primary aim of this scoping review was to identify the predominant modes of physical activity (PA) in each Blue Zone and to explore the influences that environment and culture have on PA. A research team of three Doctor of Physiotherapy students completed a systematic search using five online databases and cross referenced each reviewer in the study selection process. The study selection was based on eligibility criteria comprised of population autonomy/independence, > 80 years, Blue Zone resident, specified mode of physical activity, and utilized all research designs except for case studies and literature reviews. The databases retrieved a total of 236 articles, and 18 of which, met the inclusion criteria. Data synthesis revealed that 81% of the activities engaged by Blue Zone centenarians are moderate intensity activities. Blue Zone centenarians represent a significantly high physical functioning and high levels of activity through labouring occupations, outdoor hobbies and in-home activities. The most predominant mode represented through the included studies was agricultural activities. Overall, Blue Zones Centenarians are highly active, perform continuous and consistent movements daily, maintain daily hobbies, and work beyond the expected age of retirement. The key findings represent a significant effect on PA by environmental and cultural influences of each region.
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Chang MTK, Price M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Simas V, Pickering R, Lenaghan D. The current management of scaphoid fractures in the emergency department across an Australian metropolitan public health service: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29659. [PMID: 35839014 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scaphoid fractures are commonly present to emergency departments (EDs), challenging medical practitioners to achieve accurate diagnosis and management. This is because of the prevalence of radiographically occult scaphoid fractures and complications associated with missed diagnoses. Clinical Guidelines are limited for treatment of suspected scaphoid fractures, and heterogeneity in the literature further complicates management. This study aimed to explore the differences in management between practitioners in the ED and determine if immobilizing clinically suspected scaphoid fractures is supported by current evidence. This study also aimed to establish if there are predictors to assist in the diagnosis of a scaphoid fracture in the ED. METHODS A retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical data from patient's charts who attended the ED for a scaphoid fracture in 2019. Using retrospective patient chart audits and a Data Extraction Form, the clinical data regarding the assessment, treatment, diagnosis, and follow-up outcomes were collected. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess current management and find out predictors of a scaphoid fracture. RESULTS There was significance between practitioners performing physical assessments and providing treatment (P < .001). Physiotherapists performed assessment and education combined treatment more frequently than nurse practitioners and doctors. Thirty-four cases (11.7%) were negative for fracture in ED and positive in follow-up at the orthopedic clinic. There was an estimated loss of income of $327,433.60 (Australian dollar) for 221 patients who missed work due to overtreatment with immobilization. The strongest predictors for a confirmed scaphoid fracture were of male gender (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-5.0; P < .001) and a positive x-ray in ED (odds ratio, 36.6; 95% confidence interval, 17.4-77.0; P < .001). CONCLUSION Management of scaphoid fractures across the Gold Coast Hospital Health Service ED followed commonly accepted practices involving x-ray and immobilization; however, this conservative approach to management is associated with increased health costs and low rates of conversion to a confirmed scaphoid fracture. Male gender was the only significant predictor associated with a scaphoid fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ting-Kwei Chang
- Faculty of Health Science, Physiotherapy Department, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maggie Price
- Faculty of Health Science, Physiotherapy Department, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Science, Physiotherapy Department, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Faculty of Health Science, Physiotherapy Department, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Faculty of Health Science, Physiotherapy Department, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rowan Pickering
- Gold Coast Hospital Health Services, Queensland Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah Lenaghan
- Gold Coast Hospital Health Services, Queensland Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Donaldson T, Scantlebury M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Newcomer S, Climstein M. Training Methods in the Sport of Surfing: A Scoping Review. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Climstein M, Doyle B, Stapelberg M, Rosic N, Hertess I, Furness J, Simas V, Walsh J. Point prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers in Australian surfers and swimmers in Southeast Queensland and Northern New South Wales. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13243. [PMID: 35505675 PMCID: PMC9057286 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surfing and swimming are two popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million surfers and three million swimmers; however, these activities are associated with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Our aim was to determine the point prevalence of pre-skin cancer (actinic keratosis (PSC)), non-melanoma (NMSC) and melanoma skin cancers (MSC) in Australian surfers and swimmers. Methods This cross-sectional study involved Australian surfers who completed a survey that included physiological demographics, aquatic activity-specific demographics, history of skin cancer followed by screening. Results A total of 171 surfers (n = 116) and swimmers (n = 55) participated in the study. Both groups were identified as having a history of skin cancer (surfers 41.4%, swimmers 36.4%) and a family history of skin cancer (surfers 52.6%, swimmers 43.6%). The majority of both groups reported using a high percentage of a chemical or physical skin cancer prevention strategy (surfers 100%, Swimmers 92.7%, P = 0.003). Significantly more surfers were identified with a skin cancer of any type vs. swimmers (50% vs. 27.3%; OR 2.67; P = 0.005) with most the common skin cancer being PSC (44.7% vs. 11.3%, P = 0.076) followed by basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (24.2% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.068). There was a total of seven MSC identified in surfers and swimmers (4.6% vs. 0.8%, respectively, P = 0.137). Most skin cancers in surfers were located on the face (28.0%) followed by the arm and back (12.1% each), whereas in swimmers, the majority of skin cancers were identified on the face (17.3%), followed by the arm and lower leg (15.4% each). The highest number of melanomas were identified in surfers (n = 6) and mainly located on the face (n = 2) and back (n = 2). There was a single melanoma identified on the back in a swimmer. With the groups combined, the majority (42.9%) of melanomas were identified on the back in participants, followed by the face (28.6%). Rates per 100,000 of NMSC and MSC in surfers and swimmers (respectively) were BCC (11,206 vs. 14,545), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ (13,793 vs. 12,727), SCC (1,724 vs. 3,636) and MSC (5,172 vs. 1,818). When compared to the general Australian population, surfers and swimmers had higher odds ratios (OR), which included BCCs (OR 7.3 and 9.4, respectively), SCCs (OR 1.7 and 3.5, respectively) and MSC (OR 96.7 and 18.8, respectively). Conclusion Surfers and swimmers had consistently higher rates of PSC, NMSC and MSC than the general Australian population. Point prevalence of MSC (groups combined) was 76-fold higher than the general Australian population. These findings highlight the clinical importance of regular skin cancer screenings in individuals who surf or swim for early detection and treatment of skin cancer. Additionally, these aquatic enthusiasts should be advised of the benefits of sun protection strategies such as chemical and physical barriers to reduce the likelihood of developing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Climstein
- Aquatic Based Research/Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Exercise and Sport Science Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan Doyle
- Aquatic Based Research/Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- John Flynn Specialist Centre, Advanced Skin Care, Tugan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Stapelberg
- Aquatic Based Research/Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- John Flynn Specialist Centre, Advanced Skin Care, Tugan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nedeljka Rosic
- Biomedical Science/Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Isolde Hertess
- John Flynn Specialist Centre, Advanced Skin Care, Tugan, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Sports Science Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jackson M, Kang M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K. Aquatic Exercise and Mental Health: A Scoping Review. Complement Ther Med 2022; 66:102820. [PMID: 35218906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this review were to 1) summarise the breadth and types of research regarding the impact of aquatic exercise on mental health completed to date, 2) provide a clear indication of the intervention type, volume, measurement tools used, and populations best served in relation to this activity and its effectiveness and 3) to identify domains within the literature that can be developed so recommendations can be made for future investigations. METHOD A scoping review was performed under the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of Pubmed, SPORTDiscus, PsycInfo and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Studies observing the effect of aquatic exercises on mental health and related parameters were considered for inclusion. The data from the selected studies were then extracted and analysed methodically. PRIMARY CONDITIONS MEASURED Depression, anxiety, mood, self-esteem, and psychological well-being were the primary mental states for which findings could be clearly extracted. RESULTS Of the 1635 articles that resulted from the search, 23 articles met all inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 were randomised controlled trials. Cumulatively, the findings of this review trend towards aquatic exercise being effective in generating positive changes in mental health. CONCLUSION Aquatic exercise, specifically winter swimming, leisure swimming, competitive swimming and aquatic aerobics, can be a promising conservative therapy for mental health management. However, it is recommended that further research be conducted to solidify these findings and establish the long-term effects of this intervention on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Jackson
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast Queensland.
| | - Manjot Kang
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast Queensland
| | - James Furness
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast Queensland; Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast Queensland
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast Queensland; Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast Queensland
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O'Neill B, Leon E, Furness J, Schram B, Kempsmith K. The Effects of a 2-hour Surfing Session on the Hydration Status of Male Recreational Surfers. Int J Exerc Sci 2022; 14:1388-1399. [PMID: 35514741 PMCID: PMC9017998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surfing is a popular sport globally which is performed in varied environmental conditions. With limited research in the field exploring hydration, monitoring the effect of surfing on subject hydration is warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between surfing intensity and hydration status. A total of ten recreational male surfers were recruited for this study where hydration status was assessed pre-and post-surf session by measures of body mass (BM) and urine specific gravity (USG). Intensity of the surf session was quantified by Global Positioning Systems and Heart Rate monitoring. Subjects surfed for two hours and covered an average distance of 4974.18 ± 542.62 m, with an average speed of 2.48 ± 0.27 km/h and peak speed of 31.86 ± 3.51 km/h. A statistically significant decrease in absolute and relative BM was observed (0.70 ± 0.4 kg, p < 0.05 & 0.86 ± 0.54%, p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant correlation was found between variables (total distance paddled and relative BM, r = 0.432, p = 0.245; average HR and relative BM change, r = -.246, p = 0.595). Total distance paddled combined with average HR significantly predicted relative body mass change (F(2,3) = 29.362, p = 0.011, adjusted R 2 = 95.1%). The results demonstrate that a 2-hour recreational surfing session, in temperate environmental conditions, without neoprene garments resulted in minimal BM changes and no changes in USG. Surfers who paddle a greater distance at a higher average HR sustained greater BM changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron O'Neill
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Eric Leon
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ben Schram
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Kevin Kempsmith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
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12
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Khundaqji H, Hing W, Furness J, Climstein M. Wearable technology to inform the prediction and diagnosis of cardiorespiratory events: a scoping review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12598. [PMID: 35036129 PMCID: PMC8710054 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for health systems that allow for continuous monitoring and early adverse event detection in individuals outside of the acute care setting has been highlighted by the global rise in chronic cardiorespiratory diseases and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, it is unclear what type of evidence exists concerning the use of physiological data collected from commercially available wrist and textile wearables to assist in clinical decision making. The aim of this review was therefore to systematically map and summarize the scientific literature surrounding the use of these wearables in clinical decision making as well as identify knowledge gaps to inform further research. METHODOLOGY Six electronic bibliographic databases were systematically searched (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and SportsDiscus). Publications from database inception to May 6, 2020 were reviewed for inclusion. Non-indexed literature relevant to this review was also searched systematically. Results were then collated, summarized and reported. RESULTS A total of 107 citations were retrieved and assessed for eligibility with 31 citations included in the final analysis. A review of the 31 papers revealed three major study designs which included (1) observational studies (n = 19), (2) case control series and reports (n = 8), and (3) reviews (n = 2). All papers examined the use of wearable monitoring devices for clinical decisions in the cardiovascular domain, with cardiac arrhythmias being the most studied. When compared to electrocardiogram (ECG) the performance of the wearables in facilitating clinical decisions varied depending upon the type of wearable, user's activity levels and setting in which they were employed. Observational studies collecting data in the inpatient and outpatient settings were equally represented. Eight case control series and reports were identified which reported on the use of wrist wearables in patients presenting to an emergency department or clinic to aid in the clinical diagnosis of a cardiovascular event. Two narrative reviews were identified which examined the impact of wearable devices in monitoring cardiovascular disease as well as potential challenges they may pose in the future. CONCLUSIONS To date, studies employing wearables to facilitate clinical decisions have largely focused upon the cardiovascular domain. Despite the ability of some wearables to collect physiological data accurately, there remains a need for a specialist physician to retrospectively review the raw data to make a definitive diagnosis. Analysis of the results has also highlighted gaps in the literature such as the absence of studies employing wearables to facilitate clinical decisions in the respiratory domain. The disproportionate study of wearables in atrial fibrillation detection in comparison to other cardiac arrhythmias and conditions, as well as the lack of diversity in the sample populations used prevents the generalizability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Khundaqji
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Furness J, McArthur K, Remnant D, Jorgensen D, Bacon CJ, Moran RW, Hing W, Climstein M. Traumatic surfing injuries in New Zealand: a descriptive epidemiology study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12334. [PMID: 34733590 PMCID: PMC8544252 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New Zealand (NZ) has nearly 14,000 km of coastline and a surfing population of approximately 315,000 surfers. Given its popularity, surfing has a high frequency of injury claims, however, there remains a lack of data on traumatic surfing-related injuries from large population studies. The primary purpose of this study was to examine traumatic surfing injuries in NZ specific to injury incidence, duration, location, type, mechanism of injury and associated risk factors. Methods A sample of self-identified surfers currently living in NZ participated in an online retrospective cross-sectional survey between December 2015 and July 2016. Demographic and surfing injury data were collected and analysed. Results The survey yielded 1,473 respondents (18.3% female); a total of 502 surfers reported 702 major traumatic injuries with an overall incidence proportion of 0.34 (95% CI [0.32-0.37]). When comparing the number of injured surfers who sustained an injury at various body locations, a significantly higher proportion of competitive surfers, compared to recreational surfers, had an injury at the neck (6.8% vs 4%, χ 2 (1,1473) = 5.84, P = 0.019); shoulder (7.4% vs 4.3%, χ 2 (1,1473) = 6.34, P = 0.017), upper back (1% vs 2.4%, χ 2 (1,1473) = 4.77, P = 0.043), lower back (7% vs 3.1%, χ 2 (1,1473) = 11.98, P = 0.001) and knee (7% vs 3.4%, χ 2 (1,1473) = 9.67, P = 0.003). A significantly higher proportion of surfers who performed aerial manoeuvres compared to those who did not reported a higher proportion of knee injuries (9.7% vs 3.9%, χ 2 (1,1473) = 13.00, P = 0.001). With respect to injury duration, the shoulder represented the largest proportion of chronic injuries (>3 months) (44.4%), and the head and face represented the largest proportion of acute injuries (≤3 months) (88%). Muscle and tendon injuries were reported most frequently (25.6%) and direct contact injuries accounted for 58.1% of all injury mechanisms. Key risk factors for traumatic injury included: competitive compared to recreational status (41.0% vs 30.1%, Relative Risk (RR) = 1.36, P < 0.001), ability to perform aerial manoeuvres (48.1% vs 31.8%, RR = 1.51, P < 0.001) and intermediate or above skill level surfers compared to beginner surfers (35.8% vs 22.7%, RR = 1.58, P < 0.001). Conclusion One third of recreational surfers sustained a major traumatic injury in the previous 12 months. For competitive or aerialist surfers the risk was greater, with this proportion approximately half. Overall, the head/face was the most common location of traumatic injury, with competitive surfers being more likely to sustain a neck, shoulder, lower back, and knee injury compared to recreational surfers. The shoulder was associated with the highest proportion of injuries of chronic duration. Future research should investigate injury mechanisms and causation using prospective injury monitoring to better underpin targeted injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences/Water based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine McArthur
- Faculty of Health Sciences/Water based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Debbie Remnant
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darcy Jorgensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences/Water based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine J Bacon
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert W Moran
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences/Water based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Faculty of Health Sciences/Water based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group/ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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14
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Abstract
Background Achilles tendinopathy describes the clinical presentation of pain localised to the Achilles tendon and associated loss of function with tendon loading activities. However, clinicians display differing approaches to the diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy due to inconsistency in the clinical terminology, an evolving understanding of the pathophysiology, and the lack of consensus on clinical tests which could be considered the gold standard for diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy. The primary aim of this scoping review is to provide a method for clinically diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy that aligns with the nine core health domains. Methodology A scoping review was conducted to synthesise available evidence on the clinical diagnosis and clinical outcome measures of Achilles tendinopathy. Extracted data included author, year of publication, participant characteristics, methods for diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy and outcome measures. Results A total of 159 articles were included in this scoping review. The most commonly used subjective measure was self-reported location of pain, while additional measures included pain with tendon loading activity, duration of symptoms and tendon stiffness. The most commonly identified objective clinical test for Achilles tendinopathy was tendon palpation (including pain on palpation, localised tendon thickening or localised swelling). Further objective tests used to assess Achilles tendinopathy included tendon pain during loading activities (single-leg heel raises and hopping) and the Royal London Hospital Test and the Painful Arc Sign. The VISA-A questionnaire as the most commonly used outcome measure to monitor Achilles tendinopathy. However, psychological factors (PES, TKS and PCS) and overall quality of life (SF-12, SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L) were less frequently measured. Conclusions There is significant variation in the methodology and outcome measures used to diagnose Achilles tendinopathy. A method for diagnosing Achilles tendinopathy is proposed, that includes both results from the scoping review and recent recommendations for reporting results in tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Matthews
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Ellis
- Active Living and Rehabilitation: Aotearoa New Zealand, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiotherapy, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Furness
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne A Hing
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Hannan AL, Hing W, Coombes JS, Gough S, Climstein M, Adsett G, Jayasinghe R, Furness J. Effect of personal activity intelligence (PAI) monitoring in the maintenance phase of cardiac rehabilitation: a mixed methods evaluation. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 34629086 PMCID: PMC8503999 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal activity intelligence (PAI) is a single physical activity metric based upon heart rate responses to physical activity. Maintaining 100 PAI/week is associated with a 25% risk reduction in cardiovascular disease mortality and 50 PAI/week provides 60% of the benefits. The effect of utilising this metric within a cardiac population has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PAI monitoring on the amount and/or intensity of physical activity for people in the maintenance phase of cardiac rehabilitation and to explore participants' perceptions of this approach. METHODS A concurrent mixed methods approach was undertaken. Participants in the maintenance phase of cardiac rehabilitation monitored PAI for six weeks via a wearable physical activity monitoring device (WPAM). In the first three weeks participants were blinded to their PAI score. A quality-of-life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) was completed, and semi-structured interviews conducted to investigate attitudes to PAI monitoring. Daily PAI data was collected throughout the 6-week period. RESULTS Twenty participants completed the trial. PAI earned/day was increased after participants could view their data (mean difference: 2.1 PAI/day (95% CI 0.3, 4.0), p = 0.027). The median change in percentage of days participants achieved a Total PAI score of 25 (p = 0.023) and 50 (p = 0.015) were also increased. The mean change in total scores for the EQ-5D-5L and EQVAS were improved after 6 weeks (0.6 ± 1.05; 95% CI (0.11-1.09); p = 0.019); (5.8/100; 95% CI (2.4-9.2); p = 0.002 respectively). Thematic framework analysis identified three global themes (perceptions on the WPAM, PAI and factors affecting exercise). Most participants stated motivation to exercise increased after they could view their PAI data. Many of the participants believed they would continue to use PAI long-term. Others were undecided; the latter primarily due to technical issues and/or preferring devices with greater functionality and attractiveness. All participants would recommend PAI. CONCLUSION This exploratory study showed monitoring PAI via a WPAM increased the amount and/or intensity of physical activity within the cardiac population. Participants found PAI interesting, beneficial, and motivating. If technical issues, aesthetics, and functionality of the WPAM were improved, participants may continue to use the approach long-term. PAI may be a viable strategy to assist people with cardiac disease maintain physical activity adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hannan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia. .,Bond Institute of Health and Sport, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suzanne Gough
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia.,Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | - Rohan Jayasinghe
- Cardiology Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
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16
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Bennett HG, Dahl LA, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Climstein M. Skin cancer and sun protective behaviours in water-based sports: A scoping review. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2021; 38:197-214. [PMID: 34582598 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who participate in outdoor sports are subject to an increased risk of developing skin cancer. To date, there has been no review examining skin cancer and sun protective behaviours specific to outdoor, water-based sports. Therefore, this scoping reviews objectives were to (a) summarize volume and type of the scientific literature available relating to skin cancer, (b) examine current sun protective behaviours and (c) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research. METHOD A scoping review was conducted to address the objectives following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched; identified studies were screened based on title, abstract and full text for outdoor water-based sports, which examined skin cancer and/or sun protective behaviours. Data were extracted, synthesized and critically appraised using a modified AXIS tool. Percentage frequencies were calculated, and key results were placed in tabular or graphical presentation. RESULTS Nine cross-sectional studies were identified, all defined as low-level evidence. A combined sample of 4377 participants across six countries and five water-based sports showed BCC (71%) was the most common skin cancer, followed by melanoma (18%) and SCC (10%). The head (41%) and upper limbs (27%) were the most common location. CONCLUSION This review highlights the minimal research available and demonstrates those in water-based sports are at high risk of developing skin cancer. Due to difficulty adhering to sun protective behaviours, the most prevalent location is the upper body. Included studies were of low-level evidence, providing opportunity for future research to expand upon the gaps in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Grace Bennett
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lillian Arabella Dahl
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia.,Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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18
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McARTHUR R, Duque-Anne J, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Simas V, Climstein M. Effect of Stand-Up Paddle Boarding on Hydration Status in Recreational and Competitive Individuals. Int J Exerc Sci 2021; 14:756-767. [PMID: 34567376 PMCID: PMC8439701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stand up paddle (SUP) boarding is a popular water-based aquatic sport and recreational activity that continues to grow in popularity, however, little is known about its effect upon hydration status in recreational and elite level participants. The aim of this study was to examine the hydration status in SUP by investigating fluid loss through measurement of nude body mass. Thirty participants successfully completed the study. Hydration status was assessed by measurements of nude body mass taken pre and post SUP session. Intensity of the session was monitored throughout each session using a telemetry heart rate (HR) monitor; both mean and maximum HRs were assessed. Environmental conditions were recorded prior to each session and participants rated perceived hydration pre and post activity. SUP sessions average duration was 68 ± 13 mins (mean HR: 135 ± 20 bpm, peak HR: 167.1 ± 12 bpm). The average mass lost in a SUP session was 0.82 ± 0.4 kg (absolute), 0.03 ± 1 (relative BMI), 0.43 ± 0.2 (relative BSA) and the overall percentage of loss was 1.2 ± 0.6 % (p < 0.01, d = 0.47). Key predictors (p < 0.05) of fluid loss included ambient air temperature, gender (males), mean HR and SUP session duration. Results from this study suggest that SUP participants may require fluid loss monitoring to allow for effective rehydration strategies. Pre-hydration strategies are also recommended to avoid dehydration which is associated with decreased performance (aerobic and strength), increased core temperature, heart rate and may lead to detrimental health outcomes such as renal failure and heat illness in extreme circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn McARTHUR
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jasmine Duque-Anne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Vini Simas
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mike Climstein
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, NSW, AUSTRALIA
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing, and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, AUSTRALIA
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD, AUSTRALIA
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19
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Beal J, Hearnshaw A, Oddie S, Furness J. American recommendations. Br Dent J 2021; 230:187. [PMID: 33637903 PMCID: PMC7908950 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Tataryn N, Simas V, Catterall T, Furness J, Keogh JWL. Posterior-Chain Resistance Training Compared to General Exercise and Walking Programmes for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Open 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33683497 PMCID: PMC7940464 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While chronic exercise training has been demonstrated to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP), there has been a relative lack of evidence or clinical guidelines for whether a posterior chain resistance training programme provides any benefits over general exercise (GE). OBJECTIVES To determine if chronic posterior chain resistance training (PCRT), defined as exercise programmes of ≥6 weeks duration focused on the thoracic, lumbar and hip extensor musculature, is more effective than GE in improving pain, level of disability, muscular strength and the number of adverse events in recreationally active and sedentary individuals with CLBP. METHODS Four electronic databases were systematically searched from 25 September 2019 until 30 August 2020. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools checklist for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), articles were critically appraised and compared against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Standardized mean difference (SMD), risk difference (RD) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Eight articles were included, with a total of 408 participants (203 PCRT, 205 GE). Both PCRT and GE were effective in improving a number of CLBP-related outcomes, but these effects were often significantly greater in PCRT than GE, especially with greater training durations (i.e. 12-16 weeks compared to 6-8 weeks). Specifically, when compared to GE, PCRT demonstrated a greater reduction in pain (SMD = - 0.61 (95% CI - 1.21 to 0.00), p = 0.05; I2 = 74%) and level of disability (SMD = - 0.53 (95% CI - 0.97 to - 0.09), p = 0.02; I2 = 52%), as well as a greater increase in muscle strength (SMD = 0.67 (95% CI 0.21 to 1.13), p = 0.004; I2 = 0%). No differences in the number of adverse events were reported between PCRT and GE (RD = - 0.02 (95% CI - 0.10 to 0.05), p = 0.57; I2 = 72%). CONCLUSION Results of the meta-analysis indicated that 12-16 weeks of PCRT had a statistically significantly greater effect than GE on pain, level of disability and muscular strength, with no significant difference in the number of adverse events for recreationally active and sedentary patients with CLBP. Clinicians should strongly consider utilizing PCRT interventions for 12-16 weeks with patients with CLBP to maximize their improvements in pain, disability and muscle strength. Future research should focus on comparing the efficacy and adverse events associated with specific PCRT exercise training and movement patterns (i.e. deadlift, hip lift) in treating this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020155700 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tataryn
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Tailah Catterall
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Justin W L Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
- Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4226, Australia.
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21
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Shumate T, Link M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Simas V, Climstein M. Validity of the Polar Vantage M watch when measuring heart rate at different exercise intensities. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10893. [PMID: 33614295 PMCID: PMC7879937 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of wrist worn wearable fitness trackers has been growing rapidly over the last decade. The growing popularity can be partly attributed to the improvements in technology, making activity trackers more affordable, comfortable and convenient for use in different fitness and environmental applications. Fitness trackers typically monitor activity level, track steps, distance, heart rate (HR), sleep, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and more, as the technology continuously is advancing. In terms of measuring HR, photoplethysmography (PPG) is a relatively new technology utilised in wearables. PPG estimates HR through an optical technique that monitors changes in blood volume beneath the skin. With these new products becoming available it is important that the validity of these devices be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Polar Vantage M (PVM) watch to measure HR compared to medical grade ECG on a healthy population during a range of treadmill exercise intensities. Methods A total of 30 healthy participants (n = 17 males, n = 13 females) were recruited for this study. The validity of the PVM watch to measure HR was compared against the gold standard 5-lead ECG. The study was conducted on 2 separate testing days with 24–48 h between sessions. Participants completed the Bruce Treadmill Protocol, and HR was measured every 30 s. Validation of the PVM watch in comparison to the ECG was measured with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) and levels of agreement were identified with Bland–Altman plots with 90% limits of agreement. Linear regression analysis was performed to calculate the value of r2 computing the variation of HR obtained by the PVM watch and ECG. Results In total, 30 participants completed the protocol, with data from 28 participants utilised for statistical analysis (16 males, 14 females, 26.10 ± 3.39 years, height 52.36 m ± 7.40 cm, mass 73.59 ± 11.90 kg). A strong and significant correlation was found between the PVM watch and ECG, demonstrating good criterion validity (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.87). Good validity was seen for day 1 and day 2 for stage 0 (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI [0.63–0.92], ICC = 0.74; 95% CI [0.37–0.88]), stage 1 (ICC = 0.78; 95% CI [0.52–0.90], ICC = 0.88; 95% CI [0.74–0.95]), and stage 2 (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI [0.73–0.94], ICC = 0.80; 95% CI [0.40–0.92]). Poor validity was demonstrated on day 1 and day 2 for stages 3–5 (ICC < 0.50). Conclusion This study revealed that the PVM watch had a strong correlation with the ECG throughout the entire Bruce Protocol, however the level of agreement (LoA) becomes widely dispersed as exercise intensities increased. Due to the large LoA between the ECG and PVM watch, it is not advisable to use this device in clinical populations in which accurate HR measures are essential for patient safety; however, the watch maybe used in settings where less accurate HR is not critical to an individual’s safety while exercising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Shumate
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Magdalen Link
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia.,Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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22
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Hanchard S, Duncan A, Furness J, Simas V, Climstein M, Kemp-Smith K. Chronic and Gradual-Onset Injuries and Conditions in the Sport of Surfing: A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:23. [PMID: 33572826 PMCID: PMC7911480 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the previous literature investigating injuries in surfing have focused on acute or traumatic injuries. This systematic review appears to be the first to investigate the literature reporting on chronic and gradual-onset injuries and conditions in surfing populations. A search strategy was implemented on five databases in June 2020 to locate peer-reviewed epidemiological studies on musculoskeletal injuries or non-musculoskeletal conditions in surfing. A modified AXIS Critical Appraisal Tool was used to appraise all included texts. Extracted data included key information relevant to the epidemiology of the injuries and conditions. Twenty journal articles were included with the majority rated as good quality and a substantial agreement between raters (k = 0.724). Spine/back (29.3%), shoulder (22.9%), and head/face/neck (17.5%) were the most frequently reported locations of musculoskeletal injury, whilst the most common mechanism of injury was paddling (37.1%). Exostosis was the most frequently described injury or condition in surfing populations, with the most common grade of severity reported as mild obstruction. The key findings of injury type, location, severity, and mechanism can be used to develop relevant injury management and prevention programs for the surfing population, with an emphasis on chronic or gradual-onset spine/back and shoulder injuries, paddling technique, and education on the development and management of exostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hanchard
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4207, Australia; (A.D.); (J.F.); (V.S.); (M.C.); (K.K.-S.)
| | - Ashley Duncan
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4207, Australia; (A.D.); (J.F.); (V.S.); (M.C.); (K.K.-S.)
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4207, Australia; (A.D.); (J.F.); (V.S.); (M.C.); (K.K.-S.)
| | - Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4207, Australia; (A.D.); (J.F.); (V.S.); (M.C.); (K.K.-S.)
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4207, Australia; (A.D.); (J.F.); (V.S.); (M.C.); (K.K.-S.)
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4207, Australia; (A.D.); (J.F.); (V.S.); (M.C.); (K.K.-S.)
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23
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Bagordo A, Ciletti K, Kemp-Smith K, Simas V, Climstein M, Furness J. Isokinetic Dynamometry as a Tool to Predict Shoulder Injury in an Overhead Athlete Population: A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8090124. [PMID: 32911789 PMCID: PMC7552688 DOI: 10.3390/sports8090124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective and cross-sectional studies have used pre-season isokinetic dynamometry strength and endurance measurements of shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) to determine if they can be correlated to injury. However, to date, no review has provided a synthesis of all available literature on this topic. The aim of this systematic review was to identify isokinetic dynamometry studies that assess shoulder IR and ER strength and endurance in the overhead athletic population in relation to shoulder injury. Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and SportDiscus) were searched through September 2019 using pre-determined search terms. Both prospective and cross-sectional studies were included in this review. Studies were assessed for quality using either Appraisal Tool for Cross-sectional Studies (AXIS) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Data on outcome measures of strength and endurance peak torque (PT) and ratios (ER:IR) were extracted and further analysed using a best evidence synthesis approach. A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Conflicting evidence was found when reviewing all studies without differentiating by study type. Prospective study designs revealed strong evidence that reduced IR endurance and reduced strength ratios are predictive of shoulder injury. Cross-sectional literature showed only conflicting and limited evidence for all outcome measures. At this stage, more research is needed in individual sporting populations using prospective cohort designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bagordo
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (A.B.); (K.C.); (K.K.-S.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Kimberly Ciletti
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (A.B.); (K.C.); (K.K.-S.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (A.B.); (K.C.); (K.K.-S.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (A.B.); (K.C.); (K.K.-S.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (A.B.); (K.C.); (K.K.-S.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (A.B.); (K.C.); (K.K.-S.); (V.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-5595-3354
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24
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Abstract
Background and purpose - Essential for safe and timely hospital discharge, inpatient functional recovery following lower limb arthroplasty is also variable. A previous systematic review reported moderate and conflicting levels of evidence regarding patient-related predictors of inpatient recovery for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). A systematic review of surgical prognostic factors for inpatient recovery following THA or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is yet to be undertaken. We identified patient and surgical prognostic factors for inpatient functional recovery following THA and TKA; determined whether inpatient functional recovery varies between these procedures; and established whether validated outcome measures relevant to the patient's functional requirements for hospital discharge are routinely assessed.Patients and methods - Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists assessed methodological quality, and a best-evidence synthesis approach determined the levels of evidence supporting individual prognostic factors. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and PEDro databases were searched from inception to May 2019. Included studies examined patient or surgical prognostic factors and a validated measure of post-operative function within 2 weeks of primary, unilateral THA or TKA.Results - Comorbidity status and preoperative function are supported by a strong level of evidence for TKA. For THA, no strong level of evidence was found for patient-related prognostic factors, and no surgical factors were independently prognostic for either arthroplasty site. Limited evidence supports fast-track protocols in the TKA population.Interpretation - Preoperative screening and optimization is recommended. Assessment of Enhanced Recovery Pathways using validated outcome measures appropriate for the early postoperative period is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hewlett-Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Allied Health Department, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rodney Pope
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
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25
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Khundaqji H, Hing W, Furness J, Climstein M. Smart Shirts for Monitoring Physiological Parameters: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18092. [PMID: 32348279 PMCID: PMC7287746 DOI: 10.2196/18092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent trends of technological innovation and widescale digitization as potential solutions to challenges in health care, sports, and emergency service operations have led to the conception of smart textile technology. In health care, these smart textile systems present the potential to aid preventative medicine and early diagnosis through continuous, noninvasive tracking of physical and mental health while promoting proactive involvement of patients in their medical management. In areas such as sports and emergency response, the potential to provide comprehensive and simultaneous physiological insights across multiple body systems is promising. However, it is currently unclear what type of evidence exists surrounding the use of smart textiles for the monitoring of physiological outcome measures across different settings. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to systematically survey the existing body of scientific literature surrounding smart textiles in their most prevalent form, the smart shirt, for monitoring physiological outcome measures. METHODS A total of 5 electronic bibliographic databases were systematically searched (Ovid Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and SPORTDiscus). Publications from the inception of the database to June 24, 2019 were reviewed. Nonindexed literature relevant to this review was also systematically searched. The results were then collated, summarized, and reported. RESULTS Following the removal of duplicates, 7871 citations were identified. On the basis of title and abstract screening, 7632 citations were excluded, whereas 239 were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. Of these, 101 citations were included in the final analysis. Included studies were categorized into four themes: (1) prototype design, (2) validation, (3) observational, and (4) reviews. Among the 101 analyzed studies, prototype design was the most prevalent theme (50/101, 49.5%), followed by validation (29/101, 28.7%), observational studies (21/101, 20.8%), and reviews (1/101, 0.1%). Presented prototype designs ranged from those capable of monitoring one physiological metric to those capable of monitoring several simultaneously. In 29 validation studies, 16 distinct smart shirts were validated against reference technology under various conditions and work rates, including rest, submaximal exercise, and maximal exercise. The identified observational studies used smart shirts in clinical, healthy, and occupational populations for aims such as early diagnosis and stress detection. One scoping review was identified, investigating the use of smart shirts for electrocardiograph signal monitoring in cardiac patients. CONCLUSIONS Although smart shirts have been found to be valid and reliable in the monitoring of specific physiological metrics, results were variable for others, demonstrating the need for further systematic validation. Analysis of the results has also demonstrated gaps in knowledge, such as a considerable lag of validation and observational studies in comparison with prototype design and limited investigation using smart shirts in pediatric, elite sports, and emergency service populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Khundaqji
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Australia.,Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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26
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McArthur K, Jorgensen D, Climstein M, Furness J. Epidemiology of Acute Injuries in Surfing: Type, Location, Mechanism, Severity, and Incidence: A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8020025. [PMID: 32093200 PMCID: PMC7076752 DOI: 10.3390/sports8020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective and retrospective studies have examined traumatic injuries within competitive and recreational surfers worldwide using online surveys and health care facility (HCF; e.g., hospital, emergency department, medical record) data. However, few studies have provided a synthesis of all available literature. The purpose of this study was to obtain, critique and synthesise all literature specific to acute surfing injuries, and evaluate differences in injury type, mechanism and location between HCF and survey data. A systematic literature review design was used to identify relevant articles from three major databases. Peer-reviewed epidemiological studies of musculoskeletal surfing injuries were included. A modified AXIS tool was used for critical appraisal, and objective data was extracted and synthesized by lead researchers. Overall frequencies for injury location, type and mechanism were calculated from raw injury data. A total of 19 cross-sectional articles of fair to good quality (Modified AXIS 54.2–83.3%) were included in this study; 17 were National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) level III-2 (retrospective) and two were level II (prospective). Articles examined competitive, recreational and combined populations. Injury data from Australia, Brazil, UK, USA, Portugal, Japan, Norway, and worldwide were represented. Skin (46.0%; HCF 50.1%, survey 43.8%) and being struck by own surfboard (38.6%; HCF 73.4%, survey 36.7%) were the most common injury type and mechanism. Head, face and neck injuries were most common in HCF (43.1%) versus lower limb injuries (36.4%) in survey data. Incidence proportion was highest in aerialists (0.48). Incidence rate (number of injuries per 1000 h) ranged from 0.74 in Australian surfers (Melbourne) to 6.6 in international contest surfers from medical record data. This review highlights the prevalence of skin, board-related, head, face and neck, and lower limb surfing injuries across available literature. Proposed use of protective equipment and foam-based surfboards in dangerous or crowded surf locations may reduce injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine McArthur
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast 4207, Australia; (K.M.); (D.J.); (M.C.)
| | - Darcy Jorgensen
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast 4207, Australia; (K.M.); (D.J.); (M.C.)
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast 4207, Australia; (K.M.); (D.J.); (M.C.)
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga 56155, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe 2141, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast 4207, Australia; (K.M.); (D.J.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-755-953-354
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27
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Furness J, Bertacchini L, Hicklen L, Monaghan D, Canetti E, Climstein M. A Comparison of Two Commercial Swim Bench Ergometers in Determining Maximal Aerobic Power and Correlation to a Paddle Test in a Recreational Surfing Cohort. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E234. [PMID: 31717995 PMCID: PMC6915460 DOI: 10.3390/sports7110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent addition of surfing to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games has fueled a surge in commercial and research interest in understanding the physiological demands of the sport. However, studies specific to maximal aerobic testing of surfers are scarce. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare two commercially available swim bench (SWB) ergometers in the determination of maximal aerobic capacity in recreational surfers. A secondary aim was to correlate (independent of one another) the two ergometer findings of VO2peak to the time taken to complete a water-based 400-m paddle test. This cross-sectional study consisted of 17 recreational surfers aged between 18-58 years. Participants were randomized to either the SwimFast ergometer or VASA ergometer and tested for maximal aerobic capacity, followed by a 400-m paddle test. There were no significant differences between the two SWB ergometers in the determination of relative VO2peak (mean difference 0.33 mL/kg/min; 95% CI -1.24-1.90; p = 0.66). Correlations between VO2peak obtained from maximal paddling effort on the SwimFast and the VASA and the 400-m paddle test (total time (s)) showed a negative significant correlation r = -0.819, p = 0.024; r = -0.818, p = 0.024, respectively. Results suggest that either ergometer (SwimFast or VASA) can be used to determine peak aerobic capacity within a recreational surfing cohort. The significant correlation of the two SWB ergometers and the 400-m paddle test suggest that the 400-m paddle test may be a suitable field-based method of determining aerobic capability. Collectively, these preliminary findings provide initial evidence for similarities in VO2peak on two commercial ergometers and their correlations with a field-based test. However, further research is needed with a larger sample size and inclusive of competitive surfers to provide robust findings which can be generalized to the surfing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit—Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (L.B.); (L.H.); (D.M.); (E.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Linley Bertacchini
- Water Based Research Unit—Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (L.B.); (L.H.); (D.M.); (E.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Lisa Hicklen
- Water Based Research Unit—Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (L.B.); (L.H.); (D.M.); (E.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Dane Monaghan
- Water Based Research Unit—Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (L.B.); (L.H.); (D.M.); (E.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisa Canetti
- Water Based Research Unit—Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (L.B.); (L.H.); (D.M.); (E.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit—Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia; (L.B.); (L.H.); (D.M.); (E.C.); (M.C.)
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, NSW 2480, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia
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Schram B, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Sharp J, Cristini M, Harvie D, Keady E, Ghobrial M, Tussler J, Hing W, Nessler J, Becker M. A biomechanical analysis of the stand-up paddle board stroke: a comparative study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8006. [PMID: 31695968 PMCID: PMC6827442 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stand-up paddle boarding (SUP) is a rapidly growing global aquatic sport, with increasing popularity among participants within recreation, competition and rehabilitation. To date, few scientific studies have focused on SUP. Further, there is no research examining the biomechanics of the SUP paddle stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in kinematics existed among experienced and inexperienced SUP participants using three-dimensional motion analysis. This data could be of significance to participants, researchers, coaches and health practitioners to improve performance and inform injury minimization strategies. Methods A cross-sectional observational design study was performed with seven experienced and 19 inexperienced paddlers whereby whole-body kinematic data were acquired using a six-camera Vicon motion capture system. Participants paddled on a SUP ergometer while three-dimensional range of motion (ROM) and peak joint angles were calculated for the shoulders, elbows, hips and trunk. Mann–Whitney U tests were conducted on the non-normally distributed data to evaluate differences between level of expertise. Results Significant differences in joint kinematics were found between experienced and inexperienced participants, with inexperienced participants using greater overall shoulder ROM (78.9° ± 24.9° vs 56.6° ± 17.3°, p = 0.010) and less hip ROM than the experienced participants (50.0° ± 18.5° vs 66.4° ± 11.8°, p = 0.035). Experienced participants demonstrated increased shoulder motion at the end of the paddle stoke compared to the inexperienced participants (74.9° ± 16.3° vs 35.2° ± 28.5°, p = 0.001 minimum shoulder flexion) and more extension at the elbow (6.0° ± 9.2° minimum elbow flexion vs 24.8° ± 13.5°, p = 0.000) than the inexperienced participants. Discussion The results of this study indicate several significant kinematic differences between the experienced and inexperienced SUP participants. These variations in technique were noted in the shoulder, elbow and hip and are evident in other aquatic paddling sports where injury rates are higher in these joints. These finding may be valuable for coaches, therapists and participants needing to maximize performance and minimize injury risk during participation in SUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schram
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin Kemp-Smith
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Sharp
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Cristini
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Harvie
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Keady
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Maichel Ghobrial
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshoa Tussler
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff Nessler
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Becker
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
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29
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Hannan AL, Harders MP, Hing W, Climstein M, Coombes JS, Furness J. Impact of wearable physical activity monitoring devices with exercise prescription or advice in the maintenance phase of cardiac rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:14. [PMID: 31384474 PMCID: PMC6668165 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is a component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). However, life-long engagement in PA is required to maintain benefits gained. Wearable PA monitoring devices (WPAM) are thought to increase PA. There appear to be no reviews which investigate the effect of WPAM in cardiac populations. We firstly aimed to systematically review randomised controlled trials within the cardiac population that investigated the effect WPAM had through the maintenance phase of CR. We specifically examined the effect on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), amount and intensity of daily PA, and sedentary time. Secondly, we aimed to collate outcome measures reported, reasons for drop out, adverse events, and psychological impact from utilising a WPAM. METHODS A systematic search (up to January 2019) of relevant databases was completed, followed by a narrative synthesis, meta-analysis and qualitative analysis. RESULTS Nine studies involving 1,352 participants were included. CRF was improved to a greater extent in participants using WPAM with exercise prescription or advice compared with controls (MD 1.65 mL/kg/min;95% confidence interval [CI; 0.64-2.66]; p = 0.001; I2 = 0%). There was no significant between group difference in six-minute walk test distance. In 70% of studies, step count was greater in participants using a WPAM with exercise prescription or advice, however the overall effect was not significant (SMD 0.45;95% [CI; - 0.17-1.07] p = 0.15; I2 = 81%). A sensitivity analysis resulted in significantly greater step counts in participants using a WPAM with exercise prescription or advice and reduced the heterogeneity from 81 to 0% (SMD 0.78;95% [CI;0.54-1.02]; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Three out of four studies reporting on intensity, found significantly increased time spent in moderate and moderate-vigorous intensity PA. No difference between groups was found for sedentary time. Three of six studies reported improved psychological benefits.No cardiac adverse events related to physical activity were reported and 62% of non-cardiac adverse events were primarily musculoskeletal injuries. Reasons for dropping out included medical conditions, lack of motivation, loss of interest, and technical difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed WPAM with exercise prescription or advice are superior to no device in improving CRF in the maintenance phase of CR and no cardiac adverse events were reported with WPAM use. Our qualitative analysis showed evidence in favour of WPAM with exercise prescription or advice for both CRF and step count. WPAM with exercise prescription or advice did not change sedentary time. Psychological health and exercise intensity may potentially be enhanced by WPAM with exercise prescription or advice, however further research would strengthen this conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42019106591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Hannan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Qld, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
| | - Michael P. Harders
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Qld, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Qld, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW Australia
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Qld, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
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Keogh JWL, Cox A, Anderson S, Liew B, Olsen A, Schram B, Furness J. Reliability and validity of clinically accessible smartphone applications to measure joint range of motion: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215806. [PMID: 31067247 PMCID: PMC6505893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring joint range of motion is an important skill for many allied health professionals. While the Universal Goniometer is the most commonly utilised clinical tool for measuring joint range of motion, the evolution of smartphone technology and applications (apps) provides the clinician with more measurement options. However, the reliability and validity of these smartphones and apps is still somewhat uncertain. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of smartphones and apps to measure joint range of motion. Eligible studies were published in English peer-reviewed journals with full text available, involving the assessment of reliability and/or validity of a non-videographic smartphone app to measure joint range of motion in participants >18 years old. An electronic search using PubMed, Medline via Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTSDiscus was performed. The risk of bias was assessed using a standardised appraisal tool. Twenty-three of the eligible 25 studies exceeded the minimum 60% score to be classified as a low risk of bias, although 3 of the 13 criteria were not achieved in >50% of the studies. Most of the studies demonstrated adequate intra-rater or inter-rater reliability and/or validity for >50% of the range of motion tests across all joints assessed. However, this level of evidence appeared weaker for absolute (e.g. mean difference ± limit of agreement, minimal detectable change) than relative (e.g. intraclass correlation, correlation) measures; and for spinal rotation than spinal extension, flexion and lateral flexion. Our results provide clinicians with sufficient evidence to support the use of smartphones and apps in place of goniometers to measure joint motion. Future research should address some methodological limitations of the literature, especially including the inclusion of absolute and not just relative reliability and validity statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. L. Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Cluster for Health improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alistair Cox
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Anderson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernard Liew
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Olsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Simas V, Remnant D, Furness J, Bacon CJ, Moran RW, Hing WA, Climstein M. Lifetime prevalence of exostoses in New Zealand surfers. J Prim Health Care 2019; 11:47-53. [PMID: 31039989 DOI: 10.1071/hc18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External auditory exostosis (EAE) is a benign, irreversible bony outgrowth that arises from the temporal bone. EAE projects into the external ear canal, potentially causing recurrent otitis externa and conductive hearing loss. AIM To determine lifetime prevalence of EAE in New Zealand (NZ) surfers. METHODS This study used an online national survey. RESULTS Respondents were 1376 NZ surfers (recreational = 868, competitive = 508). Mean surfing experience was 16.2 years. Most self-classified as advanced surfers (36.5%), followed by intermediate (30.2%), expert (20.1%) and beginner (13.2%). Surfers reported an average of 214.2 h surfing (28.6% during winter) for the previous year. Overall lifetime prevalence of EAE was 28.9% (32.1% male, 14.6% female; P < 0.001), with the highest proportion of EAE was observed bilaterally (21.3%). Competitive surfers reported a significantly (P < 0.001) higher lifetime prevalence of EAE than recreational surfers (45.3% vs. 19.2%). A significantly higher (P < 0.001) lifetime prevalence of EAE was identified as skill level increased (7.1% in beginners to 55.6% in experts) and a two-fold increase (P < 0.001) of EAE in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile of surfing exposure. Neither winter surfing exposure nor which Island surfed were associated with EAE prevalence. DISCUSSION Although not as prevalent as in previous NZ research using otologic examinations, this study indicated that almost one-third of NZ surfers reported having had a diagnosis of EAE. Regular general practitioner otologic assessment and advice on appropriate prevention strategies for patients who surf may help prevent large lesions, recurrent ear infections and progressive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Debbie Remnant
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine J Bacon
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert W Moran
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne A Hing
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia; and School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; and Exercise Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Shiel F, Persson C, Furness J, Simas V, Pope R, Climstein M, Hing W, Schram B. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry positioning protocols in assessing body composition: A systematic review of the literature. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1038-1044. [PMID: 29588115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically identify and assess methods and protocols used to reduce technical and biological errors in published studies that have investigated reliability of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for assessing body composition. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Systematic searches of five databases were used to identify studies of DXA reliability. Two independent reviewers used a modified critical appraisal tool to assess their methodological quality. Data was extracted and synthesised using a level of evidence approach. Further analysis was then undertaken of methods used to decrease DXA errors (technical and biological) and so enhance DXA reliability. RESULTS Twelve studies met eligibility criteria. Four of the articles were deemed high quality. Quality articles considered biological and technical errors when preparing participants for DXA scanning. The Nana positioning protocol was assessed to have a strong level of evidence. The studies providing this evidence indicated very high test-retest reliability (ICC 0.90-1.00 or less than 1% change in mean) of the Nana positioning protocol. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) positioning protocol was deemed to have a moderate level of evidence due to lack of high quality studies. However, the available studies found the NHANES positioning protocol had very high test-retest reliability. Evidence is limited and reported reliability has varied in papers where no specific positioning protocol was used or reported. CONCLUSIONS Due to the strong level of evidence of excellent test-retest reliability that supports use of the Nana positioning protocol, it is recommended as the first choice for clinicians when using DXA to assess body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flinn Shiel
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia
| | - Carl Persson
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia; Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia.
| | - Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia
| | - Rodney Pope
- Physiotherapy Program, School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia; Exercise Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia; Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Physiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia; Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia
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Matthews W, Ellis R, Furness J, Hing W. Classification of Tendon Matrix Change Using Ultrasound Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2018; 44:2059-2080. [PMID: 30007477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging (US) is an accurate and reliable method used to diagnose tendinopathy. This systematic review was aimed at identifying common criteria and parameters used to diagnose tendinopathy, the methodological quality of studies and the predictive value of US. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with the Achilles, quadriceps and patella tendons being investigated. Overall, there was significant heterogeneity between the criteria used to diagnose tendinopathy utilising US. The methodological quality of included studies was "good." Additionally, meta-analysis revealed that US-identified abnormalities were predictive of future symptoms, and classification of tendinopathy using three US defined parameters indicated a higher relative risk of developing clinical tendinopathy compared with the use of two US-defined parameters. Further research into the development of a standardised US criterion that incorporates both clinical and US findings is required to allow for greater consistency in the diagnosis of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Matthews
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Richard Ellis
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Furness
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Furness J, Schram B, Corea D, Turner Z, Cairns H. The Combined Elevation Test (CET) in Adolescent School Children: A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6030064. [PMID: 30036980 PMCID: PMC6162696 DOI: 10.3390/sports6030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Combined Elevation Test (CET) is a musculoskeletal screening technique (MST) that replicates the streamline position in swimming and is commonly used in various sports. Although CET is widely used, no normative data exist within an adolescent population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a large data set for the CET within an adolescent population and to evaluate the influence of various demographic and anthropometric variables. Data were collected for 416 participants aged between 8 and 18 years old. Age and arm span showed a significant correlation with CET scores (arm span rs (105) = 0.478, p = 0.000; age rs (416) = 0.238, p = 0.000). Regression analysis further quantified the influence of arm span and age on CET scores, accounting for 23.1% and 5.3% of variability respectively. These results can be used as a reference point for clinicians and coaches who are using the CET within their assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Ben Schram
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Darren Corea
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Zachary Turner
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Hannah Cairns
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
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Khundaqji H, Samain E, Climstein M, Schram B, Hing W, Furness J. A Comparison of Aerobic Fitness Testing on a Swim Bench and Treadmill in a Recreational Surfing Cohort: A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6020054. [PMID: 29910358 PMCID: PMC6027552 DOI: 10.3390/sports6020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermittent manner of surfing accentuates the importance of both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Currently, the optimal method of assessing surfing-specific aerobic fitness is using a swim bench (SWB) ergometer; however, their limited availability presents a barrier to surfers wanting to know their maximal aerobic power (VO2peak). As a result, the aims of this pilot study were to determine the VO2peak of recreational surfers using a new commercial SWB ergometer and to propose and examine the feasibility of a regression model to predict SWB ergometer VO2peak values. A total of nine recreational surfers were assessed where body measurements were conducted followed by maximal aerobic capacity testing (swim bench and treadmill) to profile the cohort. Findings demonstrated that VO2peak values were significantly greater (p < 0.001) on the treadmill compared to the SWB ergometer (M = 66.01 ± 8.23 vs. 37.41 ± 8.73 mL/kg/min). Peak heart rate was also significantly greater on the treadmill compared to the SWB ergometer. Multiple regression analysis was used to produce a model which predicted SWB VO2peak values with an R2 value of 0.863 and an adjusted R2 value of 0.726. The physiological profiling of the recreational cohort coupled with a surfer’s predicted SWB VO2peak value will allow for identification of surfing-specific aerobic fitness levels and evidence-based training recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Khundaqji
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Enad Samain
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group-Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ben Schram
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - Wayne Hing
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit-Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia.
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Scott-Young M, McEntee L, Furness J, Schram B, Hing W, Grosser D, Zotti M. Combined Aorto-Iliac and Anterior Lumbar Spine Reconstruction: A Case Series. Int J Spine Surg 2018; 12:328-336. [PMID: 30276089 PMCID: PMC6159654 DOI: 10.14444/5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for aortic-iliac pathology may include endovascular repair and open surgical repair. Treatment options for degenerative disc disease (DDD) are varied but commonly include anterior reconstruction. When both the aortic-iliac and spinal pathologies are significant and surgical intervention is indicated for each pathology, the opportunity exists for concurrent treatment of both the aortic-iliac pathology and DDD in the same operation. The purpose of this case series was to document the safety and feasibility of a surgical strategy whereby a combined elective reconstructive procedure was performed for aortic and anterior lumbar spinal pathologies. METHODS The case histories of 5 patients who were treated for both spinal and vascular pathology are presented. Surgical outcome measures included operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and complications. Spine-specific outcome measures included Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, and visual analogue scores (back and leg). RESULTS The spinal reconstructions performed included 1 L4-5 total disc replacement (TDR), 1 L4-5, L5-S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), 1 L5-S1 ALIF, and 2 hybrid procedures (L4-5 TDR with L5-S1 ALIF). Vascular reconstructions included 4 aorto-bi-iliac bypass grafts and 1 aortic tube graft. The average operative time was 365 minutes (ranging between 330 and 510 minutes), the average blood loss was 1699 mL (range between 1160 and 2960 mL), and the average length of hospital stay was 14 days (range from 8 to 22 days). There were no in-hospital complications, and all patients experienced significant improvement in both back and leg pain. One patient developed kinking of the iliac limbs of the vascular graft 1 year postoperatively, which was managed with endovascular stenting of the graft. CONCLUSIONS Aortic-iliac pathology and DDD are significant pathologies often treated in isolation. This study illustrates that, despite its complexity, highly trained individuals in a specialized setting can perform combined surgery to achieve a satisfactory outcome for the patient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scott-Young
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laurence McEntee
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Gold Coast Spine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Grosser
- Gold Coast Private Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Pindara Private Hospital, Benowa, Queensland, Australia
- Southern Queensland CardioVascular Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Zotti
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Gold Coast Spine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Gold Coast Private Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Pindara Private Hospital, Benowa, Queensland, Australia
- Southern Queensland CardioVascular Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Hannan AL, Hing W, Climstein M, Coombes JS, Furness J, Jayasinghe R, Byrnes J. Australian cardiac rehabilitation exercise parameter characteristics and perceptions of high-intensity interval training: a cross-sectional survey. Open Access J Sports Med 2018; 9:79-89. [PMID: 29750058 PMCID: PMC5933362 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s160306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study explored current demographics, characteristics, costs, evaluation methods, and outcome measures used in Australian cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. It also determined the actual usage and perceptions of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods A cross-sectional observational web-based survey was distributed to 328 Australian CR programs nationally. Results A total of 261 programs completed the survey (79.6% response rate). Most Australian CR programs were located in a hospital setting (76%), offered exercise sessions once a week (52%) for 6-8 weeks (49%) at moderate intensity (54%) for 46-60 min (62%), and serviced 101-500 clients per annum (38%). HIIT was reported in only 1% of programs, and 27% of respondents believed that it was safe while 42% of respondents were unsure. Lack of staff (25%), monitoring resources (20%), and staff knowledge (18%) were the most commonly reported barriers to the implementation of HIIT. Overall, Australian CR coordinators are unsure of the cost of exercise sessions. Conclusion There is variability in CR delivery across Australia. Only half of programs reassess outcome measures postintervention, and cost of exercise sessions is unknown. Although HIIT is recommended in international CR guidelines, it is essentially not being used in Australia and clinicians are unsure as to the safety of HIIT. Lack of resources and staff knowledge were perceived as the biggest barriers to HIIT implementation, and there are inconsistent perceptions of prescreening and monitoring requirements. This study highlights the need to educate health professionals about the benefits and safety of HIIT to improve its usage and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hannan
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Rohan Jayasinghe
- Cardiology Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Byrnes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Logan, QLD, Australia
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Furness J, Schram B, Cox AJ, Anderson SL, Keogh J. Reliability and concurrent validity of the iPhone ® Compass application to measure thoracic rotation range of motion (ROM) in healthy participants. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4431. [PMID: 29568701 PMCID: PMC5845564 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several water-based sports (swimming, surfing and stand up paddle boarding) require adequate thoracic mobility (specifically rotation) in order to perform the appropriate activity requirements. The measurement of thoracic spine rotation is problematic for clinicians due to a lack of convenient and reliable measurement techniques. More recently, smartphones have been used to quantify movement in various joints in the body; however, there appears to be a paucity of research using smartphones to assess thoracic spine movement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the reliability (intra and inter rater) and validity of the iPhone® app (Compass) when assessing thoracic spine rotation ROM in healthy individuals. Methods A total of thirty participants were recruited for this study. Thoracic spine rotation ROM was measured using both the current clinical gold standard, a universal goniometer (UG) and the Smart Phone Compass app. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was determined with a Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Validation of the Compass app in comparison to the UG was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and levels of agreement were identified with Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. Results Both the UG and Compass app measurements both had excellent reproducibility for intra-rater (ICC 0.94–0.98) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.72–0.89). However, the Compass app measurements had higher intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.96 − 0.98; 95% CI [0.93–0.99]; vs. ICC = 0.94 − 0.98; 95% CI [0.88–0.99]) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87 − 0.89; 95% CI [0.74–0.95] vs. ICC = 0.72 − 0.82; 95% CI [0.21–0.94]). A strong and significant correlation was found between the UG and the Compass app, demonstrating good concurrent validity (r = 0.835, p < 0.001). Levels of agreement between the two devices were 24.8° (LoA –9.5°, +15.3°). The UG was found to consistently measure higher values than the compass app (mean difference 2.8°, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study reveals that the iPhone® app (Compass) is a reliable tool for measuring thoracic spine rotation which produces greater reproducibility of measurements both within and between raters than a UG. As a significant positive correlation exists between the Compass app and UG, this supports the use of either device in clinical practice as a reliable and valid tool to measure thoracic rotation. Considering the levels of agreement are clinically unacceptable, the devices should not be used interchangeably for initial and follow up measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alistair J Cox
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah L Anderson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
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Hannan AL, Hing W, Simas V, Climstein M, Coombes JS, Jayasinghe R, Byrnes J, Furness J. High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training within cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Access J Sports Med 2018; 9:1-17. [PMID: 29416382 PMCID: PMC5790162 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s150596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic capacity has been shown to be inversely proportionate to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and there is growing evidence that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) appears to be more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving cardiorespiratory fitness within the cardiac population. Previously published systematic reviews in cardiovascular disease have neither investigated the effect that the number of weeks of intervention has on cardiorespiratory fitness changes, nor have adverse events been collated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) within the cardiac population that investigated cardiorespiratory fitness changes resulting from HIIT versus MICT and to collate adverse events. METHODS A critical narrative synthesis and meta-analysis was conducted after systematically searching relevant databases up to July 2017. We searched for RCTs that compared cardiorespiratory fitness changes resulting from HIIT versus MICT interventions within the cardiac population. RESULTS Seventeen studies, involving 953 participants (465 for HIIT and 488 for MICT) were included in the analysis. HIIT was significantly superior to MICT in improving cardiorespiratory fitness overall (SMD 0.34 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.2-0.48]; p<0.00001; I2=28%). There were no deaths or cardiac events requiring hospitalization reported in any study during training. Overall, there were more adverse events reported as a result of the MICT (n=14) intervention than the HIIT intervention (n=9). However, some adverse events (n=5) were not classified by intervention group. CONCLUSION HIIT is superior to MICT in improving cardiorespiratory fitness in participants of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness are significant for CR programs of >6-week duration. Programs of 7-12 weeks' duration resulted in the largest improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness for patients with coronary artery disease. HIIT appears to be as safe as MICT for CR participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hannan
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rohan Jayasinghe
- Cardiology Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Byrnes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Logan, QLD, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Shiel F, Persson C, Simas V, Furness J, Climstein M, Schram B. Investigating the level of agreement of two positioning protocols when using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the assessment of body composition. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3880. [PMID: 29062599 PMCID: PMC5647860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a commonly used instrument for analysing segmental body composition (BC). The information from the scan guides the clinician in the treatment of conditions such as obesity and can be used to monitor recovery of lean mass following injury. Two commonly used DXA positioning protocols have been identified-the Nana positioning protocol and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Both protocols have been shown to be reliable. However, only one study has assessed the level of agreement between the protocols and ascertained the participants' preference of protocol based upon comfort. Given the paucity of research in the field and the growing use of DXA in both healthy and pathological populations further research determining the most appropriate positioning protocol is warranted. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the level of agreement between results from the NHANES protocol and Nana protocol, and the participants' preference of protocol based on comfort. METHODS Thirty healthy participants (15 males, 15 females, aged 23-59 years) volunteered to participate in this study. These participants underwent two whole body DXA scans in a single morning (Nana positioning protocol and NHANES positioning protocol), in a randomised order. Each participant attended for scanning wearing minimal clothing and having fasted overnight, refrained from exercise in the past 24 h and voided their bladders. Level of agreement, comparing NAHNES to Nana protocol was assessed using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and percentage change in mean. Limit of agreement comparing the two protocols were assessed using plots, mean difference and confidence limits. Participants were asked to indicate the protocol they found most comfortable. RESULTS When assessing level of agreement between protocols both the ICC and CCC scores were very high and ranged from 0.987 to 0.997 for whole body composition, indicating excellent agreement between the Nana and NHANES protocols. Regional analysis (arms, legs, trunk) ICC scores, ranged between 0.966 and 0.996, CCC ranged between 0.964 and 0.997, change in mean percentage ranged between -0.58% and 0.37% which indicated a very high level of agreement. Limit of agreement analysis using mean difference ranged between -0.223 and 0.686 kg and 95% CL produced results ranging between -1.262 kg and 1.630 kg. The majority (80%) of participants found the NHANES positioning protocol more comfortable. DISCUSSION This study reveals a strong level of agreement as illustrated by high ICC's and CCC's between the positioning protocols, however systematic bias within limit of agreement plot and a large difference in 95% confidence limits indicates that the protocols should not be interchanged when assessing an individual. The NHANES protocol affords greater participant comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flinn Shiel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carl Persson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vini Simas
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Exercise Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Background: Stand-up paddle boarding (SUP) is a recreational activity and sport that has grown exponentially, with participation increasing from 1.1 million in 2010 to 2.8 million in 2014 in the United States alone. Despite this growth in participation, SUP remains underresearched with regard to injury epidemiology. Purpose: To investigate injury epidemiology (severity, location, type, mechanism) in SUP. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: An open-source online survey was administered to active SUP participants internationally. The survey captured information relevant to demographics, participation, and injury history over the past 12 months. Results: Of 240 participants included in the data analysis, 67.1% were males, and 54.6% were involved in competition. Participants spent a mean 192.6 ± 179.5 hours participating in SUP per year, most commonly for fun and fitness (43.3%) at the beach or bay (63.0%). A total of 95 participants had sustained at least 1 injury. A total of 161 injuries were recorded, resulting in an injury rate of 3.63 (95% CI, 3.04-4.16) per 1000 hours of SUP. The shoulder/upper arm was the most frequently injured body location, accounting for 32.9% of all injuries, followed by the lower back (14.3%) and the elbow/forearm (11.8%). The most common injury types were to muscle/tendon (50.4%), joint/ligament (22.6%), and skin (14.2%). Endurance paddling was the most frequently reported mechanism of injury (34.5%), followed by contact with a paddler’s own board (20.1%) and sprint paddling (9.3%). Key risk factors for sustaining an injury were age >46 years, competitive status, and participating for >4.8 hours/week, as well as using SUP for racing. Conclusion: This is the first study to report injury epidemiology for SUP. It is evident that both sexes participate in SUP for fun, fitness, and competition. With regard to injuries, the shoulder, lower back, and elbow are the most injury prone; older age, competitive status, and longer hours of participation all influenced the chance of injury. Findings from this study provide the foundation for injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olayinka Olorunnife
- Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Schram
- Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Exercise Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Prowse A, Aslaksen B, Kierkegaard M, Furness J, Gerdhem P, Abbott A. Reliability and concurrent validity of postural asymmetry measurement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. World J Orthop 2017; 8:68-76. [PMID: 28144582 PMCID: PMC5241548 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of the Baseline® Body Level/Scoliosis meter for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis postural assessment in three anatomical planes.
METHODS This is an observational reliability and concurrent validity study of adolescent referrals to the Orthopaedic department for scoliosis screening at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden between March-May 2012. A total of 31 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (13.6 ± 0.6 years old) of mild-moderate curvatures (25°± 12°) were consecutively recruited. Measurement of cervical, thoracic and lumbar curvatures, pelvic and shoulder tilt, and axial thoracic rotation (ATR) were performed by two trained physiotherapists in one day. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the inter-examiner reliability (ICC2,1) and the intra-rater reliability (ICC3,3) of the Baseline® Body Level/Scoliosis meter. Spearman’s correlation analyses were used to estimate concurrent validity between the Baseline® Body Level/Scoliosis meter and Gold Standard Cobb angles from radiographs and the Orthopaedic Systems Inc. Scoliometer.
RESULTS There was excellent reliability between examiners for thoracic kyphosis (ICC2,1 = 0.94), ATR (ICC2,1 = 0.92) and lumbar lordosis (ICC2,1 = 0.79). There was adequate reliability between examiners for cervical lordosis (ICC2,1 = 0.51), however poor reliability for pelvic and shoulder tilt. Both devices were reproducible in the measurement of ATR when repeated by one examiner (ICC3,3 0.98-1.00). The device had a good correlation with the Scoliometer (rho = 0.78). When compared with Cobb angle from radiographs, there was a moderate correlation for ATR (rho = 0.627).
CONCLUSION The Baseline® Body Level/Scoliosis meter provides reliable transverse and sagittal cervical, thoracic and lumbar measurements and valid transverse plan measurements of mild-moderate scoliosis deformity.
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Turnham H, Agbeko RS, Furness J, Pappachan J, Sutcliffe AG, Ramnarayan P. Non-invasive respiratory support for infants with bronchiolitis: a national survey of practice. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:20. [PMID: 28095826 PMCID: PMC5240267 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness of early childhood. For most children it is a mild self-limiting disease but a small number of children develop respiratory failure. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has traditionally been used to provide non-invasive respiratory support in these children, but there is little clinical trial evidence to support its use. More recently, high-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) has emerged as a novel respiratory support modality. Our study aims to describe current national practice and clinician preferences relating to use of non-invasive respiratory support (nCPAP and HFNC) in the management of infants (<12 months old) with acute bronchiolitis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional web-based survey of hospitals with inpatient paediatric facilities in England and Wales. Responses were elicited from one senior doctor and one senior nurse at each hospital. We analysed the proportion of hospitals using HFNC and nCPAP; clinical thresholds for their initiation; and clinician preferences regarding first-line support modality and future research. Results The survey was distributed to 117 of 171 eligible hospitals; 97 hospitals provided responses (response rate: 83%). The majority of hospitals were able to provide nCPAP (89/97, 91.7%) or HFNC (71/97, 73.2%); both were available at 65 hospitals (67%). nCPAP was more likely to be delivered in a ward setting in a general hospital, and in a high dependency setting in a tertiary centre. There were differences in the oxygenation and acidosis thresholds, and clinical triggers such as recurrent apnoeas or work of breathing that influenced clinical decisions, regarding when to start nCPAP or HFNC. More individual respondents with access to both modalities (74/106, 69.8%) would choose HFNC over nCPAP as their first-line treatment option in a deteriorating child with bronchiolitis. Conclusions Despite lack of randomised trial evidence, nCPAP and HFNC are commonly used in British hospitals to support infants with acute bronchiolitis. HFNC appears to be currently the preferred first-line modality for non-invasive respiratory support due to perceived ease of use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0785-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Turnham
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R S Agbeko
- Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Furness
- Country Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation trust, Darlington, UK
| | - J Pappachan
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - A G Sutcliffe
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, GAP unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - P Ramnarayan
- Children's Acute Transport Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Furness J, Bravo DM, Cottrell JJ. 1031 Threats to gut health in production animals. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Simas V, Furness J, Hing W, Pope R, Walsh J, Climstein M. Ear discomfort in a competitive surfer. Aust Fam Physician 2016; 45:644-646. [PMID: 27606365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Climstein M, Furness J, Hing W, Walsh J. Lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer in Australian recreational and competitive surfers. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2016; 32:207-13. [PMID: 27232425 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Surfing is one of the most popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million recreational surfers; however, Australia has long been recognized as having the highest incidence of melanoma in the world, and it is the most common type of cancer in young Australians. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma [basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] and melanoma skin cancers in Australian recreational and competitive surfers. METHODS Australian surfers were invited to complete an online surveillance survey to determine the lifetime prevalence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. RESULTS A total of 1348 surfers (56.9% recreational) participated in this study, of which 184 surfers reported a skin cancer (competitive n = 96, recreational n = 87). Of non-melanoma and melanoma cancers reported, BCC was the most common (6.8%), followed by melanoma (1.4%) and SCC (0.6%). The relative risk was higher (P < 0.001) in competitive vs. recreational surfers [OR 1.74 (CI 1.28-2.31)]. There was a higher (P < 0.05) number of skin cancers reported on the face (23.5%), back (16.4%) and arms (12.4%). There were significant trends (P < 0.001) in reported skin cancers between competitive and recreational surfers, as well as significantly (P < 0.001) more skin cancers reported in males (14.6%) than females (9.4%). CONCLUSION Based upon these findings, individuals who surf are advised to regularly utilize sun protection strategies (avoid peak ultraviolet radiation (10 am-3 pm), rashvest, hat and sunscreen) and primary care physicians are recommended to regularly screen their patients who surf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia.,Vale Medical Practice, Brookvale, NSW, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Water Based Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia.,Fitness Clinic, Five Dock, NSW, Australia
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Furness J, Climstein M, Sheppard JM, Abbott A, Hing W. Clinical methods to quantify trunk mobility in an elite male surfing population. Phys Ther Sport 2016; 19:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Furness J, Johnstone S, Hing W, Abbott A, Climstein M. Assessment of shoulder active range of motion in prone versus supine: a reliability and concurrent validity study. Physiother Theory Pract 2015; 31:489-95. [DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1027070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Furness J, Hing W, Walsh J, Abbott A, Sheppard JM, Climstein M. Acute injuries in recreational and competitive surfers: incidence, severity, location, type, and mechanism. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:1246-54. [PMID: 25646362 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514567062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are an estimated 37 million surfers worldwide, with 2.5 million recreational surfers in Australia. The recreational activity and sport of surfing has grown dramatically since the 1960s, but scientific research has been poorly mirrored in comparison with most other mainstream sports. PURPOSE To identify the incidence, severity, location, type, and mechanism of acute injuries in recreational and competitive surfers over a 12-month period. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS An online survey using an open-source survey application was utilized. The survey consisted of 2 primary sections: Section 1 included demographic information and participation levels (age, height, weight, hours surfed, competitive level); section 2 incorporated injury type, mechanism, severity, and injury management. RESULTS A total of 1348 participants (91.3% males; 43.1% competitive surfers) were included in data analysis. A total of 512 acute injuries were classified as major, providing an incidence proportion of 0.38 (CI, 0.35-0.41) acute injuries per year. The incidence rate was calculated to be 1.79 (CI, 1.67-1.92) major injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. The shoulder, ankle, and head/face regions had the highest frequencies of acute injury, representing 16.4%, 14.6%, and 13.3%, respectively. Injuries were predominantly of muscular, joint, and skin origin, representing 30.3%, 27.7%, and 18.9%, respectively. Skin injuries were primarily a result of direct trauma, while joint and muscular injuries were mainly a result of maneuvers performed and repetitive actions. Key risk factors that increased the incidence of sustaining an acute injury included competitive status, hours surfed (>6.5 hours/week), and the ability to perform aerial maneuvers. The incidence proportion for surfers completing aerial maneuvers was calculated to be 0.48 (CI, 0.39-0.58) major injuries per year, this being the highest incidence proportion irrespective of competitive status. CONCLUSION This is the largest surfing-specific survey that included both recreational and competitive surfers conducted in Australia to date. The shoulder, ankle, head, and face were identified as the key regions where acute injuries occur in surfers. This research may aid in reducing the occurrence of injury through musculoskeletal screening in these key injury-prone regions and through the use of sport-specific strength training and conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Medical Health and Fitness Clinic, Five Dock, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Allan Abbott
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy M Sheppard
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health & Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Tan PY, Furness J, Sohal AS, Ramesh V, Haider S. A case of intermediate uveitis as a precursor to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a teenager. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:625-7. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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