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Chen H, Xie Y, Zhang M, Huang J, Jiang W, Zhang R, Li C, Du X, Chen H, Nie Q, Liang S, Tan Q, Yang J, Jin M, Huang S, Kuang L, Su N, Qi H, Luo X, Xu X, Deng C, Chen L, Luo F. An Hsp70 promoter-based mouse for heat shock-induced gene modulation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:693-707. [PMID: 38492027 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Physical therapy is extensively employed in clinical settings. Nevertheless, the absence of suitable animal models has resulted in an incomplete understanding of the in vivo mechanisms and cellular distribution that respond to physical stimuli. The objective of this research was to create a mouse model capable of indicating the cells affected by physical stimuli. In this study, we successfully established a mouse line based on the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) promoter, wherein the expression of CreERT2 can be induced by physical stimuli. Following stimulation of the mouse tail, ear, or cultured calvarias with heat shock (generated by heating, ultrasound, or laser), a distinct Cre-mediated excision was observed in cells stimulated by these physical factors with minimal occurrence of leaky reporter expression. The application of heat shock to Hsp70-CreERT2; FGFR2-P253R double transgenic mice or Hsp70-CreERT2 mice infected with AAV-BMP4 at calvarias induced the activation of Cre-dependent mutant FGFR2-P253R or BMP4 respectively, thereby facilitating the premature closure of cranial sutures or the repair of calvarial defects. This novel mouse line holds significant potential for investigating the underlying mechanisms of physical therapy, tissue repair and regeneration, lineage tracing, and targeted modulation of gene expression of cells in local tissue stimulated by physical factor at the interested time points. KEY MESSAGES: In the study, an Hsp70-CreERT2 transgenic mouse was generated for heat shock-induced gene modulation. Heat shock, ultrasound, and laser stimulation effectively activated Cre expression in Hsp70-CreERT2; reporter mice, which leads to deletion of floxed DNA sequence in the tail, ear, and cultured calvaria tissues of mice. Local laser stimuli on cultured calvarias effectively induce Fgfr2-P253R expression in Hsp70-mTmG-Fgfr2-P253R mice and result in accelerated premature closure of cranial suture. Heat shock activated AAV9-FLEX-BMP4 expression and subsequently promoted the repair of calvarial defect of Hsp70-CreERT2; Rosa26-mTmG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangang Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wanling Jiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Can Li
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiang Nie
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liang Kuang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Abstract
Precise control of gene expression (knock-out, knock-in, knockdown or overexpression) is at the heart of functional genomics - an approach to dissect the contribution of a gene/protein to the system's function. The development of a human in vitro system that can be patient-specific, induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC, and the ability to obtain various cell types of interest, have empowered human disease modeling and therapeutic development. Scalable tools have been deployed for gene modulation in these cells and derivatives, including pharmacological means, DNA-based RNA interference and standard RNA interference (shRNA/siRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, borrowed from bacteria and adopted for use in mammalian cells a decade ago, offers cell-specific genetic targeting and versatility. Outside genome editing, more subtle, time-resolved gene modulation is possible by using a catalytically "dead" Cas9 enzyme linked to an effector of gene transcription in combination with a guide RNA. The CRISPRi / CRISPRa (interference/activation) system evolved over the last decade as a scalable technology for performing functional genomics with libraries of gRNAs. Here, we review key developments of these approaches and their deployment in cardiovascular research. We discuss specific use with iPSC-cardiomyocytes and the challenges in further translation of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Leann Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Suite 5000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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Song B, Liu X, Dong H, Roy R. miR-140-3P Induces Chemotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Carcinoma by Targeting the NFYA-MDR1 Axis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:973-991. [PMID: 36255597 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is recognized as the 6th most frequent carcinoma in China, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) being the predominant histologic type. Currently, chemotherapy is one among the most important therapy modalities for patients with ESCC. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs leads to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In our study, the analysis of small RNA sequencing and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling was done to recognize the microRNAs (miRNAs) and key genes related with drug resistance in ESCC. It was noticed that the hsa-miRNA-140-3p (miR-140-3p) expression was considerably higher in drug-resistant cells than in sensitive cells. In addition, DGE identified target genes of miR-140-3p might perform key roles in ESCC. Furthermore, this work exhibited that miR-140-3p represents the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NFYA) gene by targeting its 3'-untranslated regions. Such an interaction might influence the formation of the transcription factor NFY trimer, which in turn may inhibit the transcription of the multidrug resistance 1 gene and, ultimately, to multidrug resistance in ESCC. The inhibition of miR-140-3p decreased resistance to oxaliplatin in EC. Therefore, miR-140-3p may serve as a molecular marker for treatment response, efficacy, and prognosis of chemotherapy in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiangchen Liu
- Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Huiling Dong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rupak Roy
- SHRM Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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de Andrade Silva SC, da Silva AI, Braz GRF, da Silva Pedroza AA, de Lemos MDT, Sellitti DF, Lagranha C. Overfeeding during development induces temporally-dependent changes in areas controlling food intake in the brains of male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2021; 285:119951. [PMID: 34516994 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to evaluate the effects of overfeeding during lactation on the feeding behavior and expression of specific regulatory genes in brain areas associated with food intake in 22- and 60-day old male rats. METHODS We evaluated body weight, food intake of standard and palatable diet, and mRNA expression of dopamine receptor D1 (DDR1), dopamine receptor (DDR2), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AGRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) transporter (SERT), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C receptor (5-HT2C), Clock (CLOK), cryptochrome protein 1 (Cry1) and period circadian protein homolog 2 (Per2) in the striatum, hypothalamus and brainstem of male rats at post-natal days (PND) 22 and 60. KEY FINDINGS Overfeeding resulted in significantly increased body weight through PND60, and a 2-fold increase in palatable food intake at PND22, but not at PND60. We observed significant increases in DDR1, DDR2, and MC4R gene expression in the striatum and brainstem and POMC/CART in the hypothalamus of the OF group at PND22 that were reversed by PND60. Hypothalamic levels of 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C and NPY/AGRP on the other hand were decreased at PND22 and increased at PND60 in OF animals. Clock genes were unaffected by OF at PND22, but were significantly elevated at PND60. SIGNIFICANCE Overfeeding during early development of the rat brain results in obesity and altered feeding behavior in early adulthood. The altered behavior might be the consequence of the changes in food intake and reward gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -UFPE-Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Glauber Rudá Feitoza Braz
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -UFPE-Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Donald F Sellitti
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco -UFPE-Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Sundararajan S, Muniyan R. Latent tuberculosis: interaction of virulence factors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6181-6196. [PMID: 34351540 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent health concern worldwide. Besides extensive research and vaccinations available, attempts to control the pandemic are cumbersome due to the complex physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Alongside the emergence of drug-resistant TB, latent TB has worsened the condition. The tubercle bacilli are unusually behaved and successful with its strategies to modulate genes to evade host immune system and persist within macrophages. Under latent/unfavorable conditions, Mtb conceals itself from immune system and modulates its genes. Among many intracellular modulated genes, important are those involved in cell entry, fatty acid degradation, mycolic acid synthesis, phagosome acidification inhibition, inhibition of phagosome-lysosome complex and chaperon protein modulation. Though the study on these genes date back to early times of TB, an insight on their inter-relation within and to newly evolved genes are still required. This review focuses on the findings and discussions on these genes, possible mechanism, credibility as target for novel drugs and repurposed drugs and their interaction that enables Mtb in survival, pathogenesis, resistance and latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Sundararajan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajiniraja Muniyan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Lee KH, Ahn BS, Cha D, Jang WW, Choi E, Park S, Park JH, Oh J, Jung DE, Park H, Park JH, Suh Y, Jin D, Lee S, Jang YH, Yoon T, Park MK, Seong Y, Pyo J, Yang S, Kwon Y, Jung H, Lim CK, Hong JB, Park Y, Choi E, Shin JI, Kronbichler A. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by animal studies using gene modulation: A comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102469. [PMID: 31918027 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are clinical syndromes that result from pathogenic inflammatory responses driven by inadequate immune activation by T- and B-cells. Although the exact mechanisms of autoimmune diseases are still elusive, genetic factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis. Recently, with the advancement of understanding of the immunological and molecular basis of autoimmune diseases, gene modulation has become a potential approach for the tailored treatment of autoimmune disorders. Gene modulation can be applied to regulate the levels of interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), interferon-γ and other inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting these cytokine expressions using short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) or by inhibiting cytokine signaling using small molecules. In addition, gene modulation delivering anti-inflammatory cytokines or cytokine antagonists showed effectiveness in regulating autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize the potential target genes for gene or immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This article will give a new perspective on understanding immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases not only in animals but also in human. Emerging approaches to investigate cytokine regulation through gene modulation may be a potential approach for the tailored immunomodulation of some autoimmune diseases near in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Ahn
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Cha
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeryun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ha Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsong Suh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Jin
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tehwook Yoon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonje Seong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Pyo
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmo Yang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngin Kwon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjean Jung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Kwang Lim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Beom Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoeun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Elston M, Urschitz J. Transposase-mediated gene modulation in the placenta. Placenta 2017; 59 Suppl 1:S32-S36. [PMID: 28778732 PMCID: PMC5682209 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is an organ vital to fetal development as well as the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy and plays a crucial role in developmental programming of the fetus. The mechanisms that link intrauterine milieu, fetal health and disease development later in life are poorly understood. Placenta-specific gene modulation, both by generating transgenic animals as well as by developing methods for in vivo genetic modifications is a growing area of interest as this approach provides the opportunity to investigate the role of particular genes or gene networks in regulating placental function and fetal growth. Furthermore, in vivo placental gene transfer may be adapted to treat humans in the future and could be used as an early intervention strategy for a wide range of pregnancy complications. This review is an overview of transposase-based methods available for both transgenic animal generation and in vivo placental gene modifications with an emphasis on piggyBac-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee Elston
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
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Collins PJ, Hale CM, Xu H. Edited course of biomedical research: leaping forward with CRISPR. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:258-65. [PMID: 28918173 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Within the short few years since the report of its application in precise genome editing, CRISPR technology has become the method of choice to modify and modulate gene expression in biomedical research and therapeutic development. Subsequently, a variety of research, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools have been developed based upon CRISPR's mechanism of action. Such tools have helped to deepen the understanding of fundamental biology and broaden the horizon in the search for treatments for diseases that have been considered hard or impossible to cure. As CRISPR technology advances closer to clinical applications, its short comings are becoming more apparent, thus creating opportunities to improve the technology's efficacy, specificity, and safety profile in this setting. We will summarize the current status of CRISPR technology and discuss its future impact in this review.
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Pett L, Kiakos K, Satam V, Patil P, Laughlin-Toth S, Gregory M, Bowerman M, Olson K, Savagian M, Lee M, Lee M, Wilson WD, Hochhauser D, Hartley JA. Modulation of topoisomerase IIα expression and chemosensitivity through targeted inhibition of NF-Y:DNA binding by a diamino p-anisyl-benzimidazole (Hx) polyamide. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2017; 1860:617-629. [PMID: 27750031 PMCID: PMC5757371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequence specific polyamide HxIP 1, targeted to the inverted CCAAT Box 2 (ICB2) on the topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) promoter can inhibit NF-Y binding, re-induce gene expression and increase sensitivity to etoposide. To enhance biological activity, diamino-containing derivatives (HxI*P 2 and HxIP* 3) were synthesised incorporating an alkyl amino group at the N1-heterocyclic position of the imidazole/pyrrole. METHODS DNase I footprinting was used to evaluate DNA binding of the diamino Hx-polyamides, and their ability to disrupt the NF-Y:ICB2 interaction assessed using EMSAs. Topo IIα mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Immunoblotting) levels were measured following 18h polyamide treatment of confluent A549 cells. γH2AX was used as a marker for etoposide-induced DNA damage after pre-treatment with HxIP* 3 and cell viability was measured using Cell-Titer Glo®. RESULTS Introduction of the N1-alkyl amino group reduced selectivity for the target sequence 5'-TACGAT-3' on the topo IIα promoter, but increased DNA binding affinity. Confocal microscopy revealed both fluorescent diamino polyamides localised in the nucleus, yet HxI*P 2 was unable to disrupt the NF-Y:ICB2 interaction and showed no effect against the downregulation of topo IIα. In contrast, inhibition of NF-Y binding by HxIP* 3 stimulated dose-dependent (0.1-2μM) re-induction of topo IIα and potentiated cytotoxicity of topo II poisons by enhancing DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Polyamide functionalisation at the N1-position offers a design strategy to improve drug-like properties. Dicationic HxIP* 3 increased topo IIα expression and chemosensitivity to topo II-targeting agents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Pharmacological modulation of topo IIα expression has the potential to enhance cellular sensitivity to clinically-used anticancer therapeutics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Factor Y in Development and Disease, edited by Prof. Roberto Mantovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Pett
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kiakos
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vijay Satam
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Pravin Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Sarah Laughlin-Toth
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Matthew Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Michael Bowerman
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Kevin Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Mia Savagian
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Megan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - W David Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John A Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Economopoulou P, Psyrri A. Organ-specific gene modulation: Principles and applications in cancer research. Cancer Lett 2017; 387:18-24. [PMID: 27224891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microarray and next generation sequencing has led to the exploration of correlated gene patterns and their shared functions. Gene modulators are proteins that alter the activity of transcription factors and influence the expression of their target genes. It is assumed that modulators are dependent on transcription factors. Several algorithms have been developed for the detection of gene modulators. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly evident that modulators play a crucial role in carcinogenesis by interfering with fundamental biologic processes. Therapeutic gene modulation that is based on artificial modification of endogenous gene functions by designer molecules is an exciting new field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Economopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Shi M, Han W, Spivack SD. A quantitative method to identify microRNAs targeting a messenger RNA using a 3'UTR RNA affinity technique. Anal Biochem 2013; 443:1-12. [PMID: 23938772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The identification of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that target a given messenger RNA (mRNA) is essential for studies in gene regulation, but the available bioinformatic software programs are often unreliable. We have developed a unique experimental miRNA affinity assay whereby a 3'UTR RNA is end-labeled with biotin, immobilized, and then used as a bait sequence for affinity pull-down of miRNAs. After washes and release, cloning and sequencing identify the miRNAs. Binding affinity is quantitated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), comparing released and original input concentrations. As an initial demonstration, the TCF8/ZEB1 mRNA affinity pull-down yielded miR-200 family member miRs in the majority of clones, and binding affinity was approximately 100%; virtually all copies of miR-200c bound the immobilized mRNA transcript. For validation in cells, miR-200c strongly inhibited expression of a TCF8 luciferase reporter, native TCF8 mRNA, and protein levels, which contrasted with other recovered miRNAs with lower binding affinities. For Smad4 mRNA, miR-150 (and others) displayed a binding affinity of 39% (or less) yet did not inhibit a Smad4 reporter, native Smad4 mRNA, or protein levels. These results were not predicted by available software. This work demonstrates this miRNA binding affinity assay to be a novel yet facile experimental means of identification of miRNAs targeting a given mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Kay HY, Wu H, Lee SI, Kim SG. Applications of genetically modified tools to safety assessment in drug development. Toxicol Res 2010; 26:1-8. [PMID: 24278499 PMCID: PMC3834461 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of new drug development consists of several stages; after identifying potential candidate compounds, preclinical studies using animal models link the laboratory and human clinical trials. Among many steps in preclinical studies, toxicology and safety assessments contribute to identify potential adverse events and provide rationale for setting the initial doses in clinical trials. Gene modulation is one of the important tools of modern biology, and is commonly employed to examine the function of genes of interest. Advances in new drug development have been achieved by exploding information on target selection and validation using genetically modified animal models as well as those of cells. In this review, a recent trend of genetically modified methods is discussed with reference to safety assessments, and the exemplary applications of gene-modulating tools to the tests in new drug development were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Kay
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University
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