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Péan N, Le Lay A, Brial F, Wasserscheid J, Rouch C, Vincent M, Myridakis A, Hedjazi L, Dumas ME, Grundberg E, Lathrop M, Magnan C, Dewar K, Gauguier D. Dominant gut Prevotella copri in gastrectomised non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats improves glucose homeostasis through enhanced FXR signalling. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1223-1235. [PMID: 32173762 PMCID: PMC7228998 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Drug and surgical-based therapies in type 2 diabetes are associated with altered gut microbiota architecture. Here we investigated the role of the gut microbiome in improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery. METHODS We carried out gut microbiome analyses in gastrectomised (by vertical sleeve gastrectomy [VSG]) rats of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) non-obese model of spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes, followed by physiological studies in the GK rat. RESULTS VSG in the GK rat led to permanent improvement of glucose tolerance associated with minor changes in the gut microbiome, mostly characterised by significant enrichment of caecal Prevotella copri. Gut microbiota enrichment with P. copri in GK rats through permissive antibiotic treatment, inoculation of gut microbiota isolated from gastrectomised GK rats, and direct inoculation of P. copri, resulted in significant improvement of glucose tolerance, independent of changes in body weight. Plasma bile acids were increased in GK rats following inoculation with P. copri and P. copri-enriched microbiota from VSG-treated rats; the inoculated GK rats then showed increased liver glycogen and upregulated expression of Fxr (also known as Nr1h4), Srebf1c, Chrebp (also known as Mlxipl) and Il10 and downregulated expression of Cyp7a1. CONCLUSIONS Our data underline the impact of intestinal P. copri on improved glucose homeostasis through enhanced bile acid metabolism and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling, which may represent a promising opportunity for novel type 2 diabetes therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Péan
- Inserm UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Le Lay
- Inserm UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Francois Brial
- Inserm UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Wasserscheid
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Claude Rouch
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 4 rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, Paris, France
| | - Mylène Vincent
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 4 rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, Paris, France
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elin Grundberg
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 4 rue Marie Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, Paris, France
| | - Ken Dewar
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Inserm UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
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Dota A, Sakamoto A, Nagano T, Murakami T, Matsugi T. Effect of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Airflow-Induced Ocular Surface Disorder in Diabetic Rats. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1019-1024. [PMID: 32280196 PMCID: PMC7132003 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s242764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effect of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS) on ocular surface disorders in diabetic model rats maintained in a continuous airflow condition. Methods Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, were exposed to constant airflow for 8 weeks. After the establishment of the animal model in this environment, DQS or saline was instilled six times a day into GK rat eyes for 6 weeks. Schirmer’s test was performed before and after 6-week instillations. Corneal fluorescein staining was scored at 2-, 4-, and 6-week instillations. Touch thresholds for the cornea were also determined using a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer before and after 6-week instillations. Results The mean Schirmer’s test score after instillation of DQS was twice higher than that recorded for saline alone. DQS significantly decreased corneal staining scores at 4- and 6-week instillations. No changes in touch thresholds were observed before and after 6-week instillations. Conclusion These results suggest that DQS improves corneal epithelial damage by stimulating tear secretion without influencing corneal sensation in diabetic keratopathy. Thus, DQS may have potential for treatment of diabetic patients with dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyoshi Dota
- Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakamoto
- Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagano
- Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Murakami
- Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsugi
- Nara Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
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Al Kury L, Sydorenko V, Smail MMA, Qureshi MA, Shmygol A, Oz M, Singh J, Howarth FC. Voltage dependence of the Ca 2+ transient in endocardial and epicardial myocytes from the left ventricle of Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 446:25-33. [PMID: 29318456 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major global health disorder and, currently, over 450 million people have diabetes with 90% suffering from type 2 diabetes. Left untreated, diabetes may lead to cardiovascular diseases which are a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Calcium is the trigger and regulator of cardiac muscle contraction and derangement in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which can result in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. It is of paramount importance to investigate the regional involvement of Ca2+ in diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transients in endocardial (ENDO) and epicardial (EPI) myocytes from the left ventricle of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Simultaneous measurement of L-type Ca2+ currents and Ca2+ transients was performed by whole-cell patch clamp techniques. GK rats displayed significantly increased heart weight, heart weight/body weight ratio, and non-fasting and fasting blood glucose compared to controls (CON). Although the voltage dependence of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered, the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transients was reduced to similar extents in EPI-GK and ENDO-GK compared to EPI-CON and ENDO-CON myocytes. TPK L-type Ca2+ current and Ca2+ transient were unaltered. THALF decay of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered; however, THALF decay of the Ca2+ transient was shortened in ENDO and EPI myocytes from GK compared to CON rat hearts. In conclusion, the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered; however, the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transient was reduced to similar extents in EPI and ENDO myocytes from GK rats compared to their respective controls, suggesting the possibility of dysfunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport in the GK diabetic rat hearts.
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Nemoto S, Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Relationships among protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, angiotensin II, and insulin-mediated aortic responses in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:64-71. [PMID: 24529124 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationships among protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), angiotensin II (Ang II), and insulin signaling in the presence of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat aortas. METHODS AND RESULTS Aortas isolated from GK or control Wistar rats were examined in the presence or absence of Ang II with or without a selective antagonist of the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor or a PTP1B inhibitor to evaluate vascular functional and molecular mechanisms, such as insulin-induced relaxation, nitric oxide (NO) production, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and phosphorylation, and the subcellular localization of PTP1B. GK aortas exhibited reductions of: 1) insulin-induced relaxation, 2) NO production, 3) Ser(1177)-p-eNOS, and 4) Tyr(612)-p-IRS-1. Pre-incubation with a PTP1B inhibitor normalized these reductions. In Wistar aortas, the four above-mentioned parameters were reduced by Ang II, but were completely inhibited by co-treatment with the PTP1B inhibitor. The membrane expression of PTP1B was greater in GK than in Wistar aortas, and it was increased by Ang II in Wistar rats. The membrane PTP1B expression in the presence of insulin + Ang II was reduced by the PTP1B inhibitor or AT1-receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the membrane PTP1B suppressed insulin-mediated aortic relaxation, and this was due to the Ang II-AT1-receptor signaling pathway. The inhibition of PTP1B warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nemoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Portha B, Lacraz G, Dolz M, Homo-Delarche F, Giroix MH, Movassat J. Defective functional β-cell mass and Type 2 diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat model. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2007; 2:785-795. [PMID: 30290473 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2.6.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the debate focuses on the possible mechanisms responsible for abnormal islet microenvironment, decreased β-cell number, impaired β-cell function and their multifactorial etiologies. The information available on the Goto-Kakizaki/Par rat line, one of the best characterized animal models of spontaneous Type 2 diabetes mellitus, are reviewed in such a perspective. We propose that the defective β-cell mass and function in the Goto-Kakizaki/Par model reflect the complex interactions of multiple pathogenic players, including several independent loci containing genes responsible for some diabetic traits (but not decreased β-cell mass), gestational metabolic impairment inducing an epigenetic programming of the pancreas (decreased β-cell neogenesis), which is transmitted to the next generation, and loss of β-cell differentiation due to chronic exposure to hyperglycemia, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and perturbed islet microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Portha
- a Professor, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, CNRS UMR 7059, Université Paris-Diderot, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - G Lacraz
- b Groupe Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, UMR CNRS 7059, Université Paris-Diderot, UP7, Paris, France
| | - M Dolz
- b Groupe Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, UMR CNRS 7059, Université Paris-Diderot, UP7, Paris, France
| | - F Homo-Delarche
- c Chargé de Recherche, Groupe Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, UMR CNRS 7059, Université Paris-Diderot, UP7, Paris, France
| | - M-H Giroix
- b Groupe Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, UMR CNRS 7059, Université Paris-Diderot, UP7, Paris, France
| | - J Movassat
- d Assistant Professor, Groupe Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, UMR CNRS 7059, Université Paris-Diderot, UP7, Paris, France
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